RESUMO
We have previously characterized heparan sulfate (HS) as the major ovarian sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in females of Rhodnius prolixus, while chondroitin sulfate (CS) was the minor component. Using histochemical procedures we found that GAGs were concentrated in the ovarian tissue but not found inside the oocytes. Here, we extend our initial observations of GAG expression in R. prolixus by characterizing these molecules in other organs: the fat body, intestinal tract, and the reproductive tracts. Only HS and CS were found in the three organs analyzed, however CS was the major GAG species in these tissues. We also determined the compartmental distribution of GAGs in these organs by histochemical analysis using 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue, and evaluated the specific distribution of CS within both male and female reproductive tracts by immunohistochemistry using an anti-CS antibody. We also determined the GAG composition in eggs at days 0 and 6 of embryonic development. Only HS and CS were found in eggs at day 6, while no sulfated GAGs were detected at day 0. Our results demonstrate that HS and CS are the only sulfated GAG species expressed in the fat body and in the intestinal and reproductive tracts of Rhodnius male and female adults. Both sulfated GAGs were also identified in Rhodnius embryos. Altogether, these results show no qualitative differences in the sulfated GAG composition regarding tissue-specific or development-specific distribution.
Assuntos
Glicosaminoglicanos/metabolismo , Rhodnius/metabolismo , Animais , Sulfatos de Condroitina/metabolismo , Corpo Adiposo/metabolismo , Feminino , Heparitina Sulfato/metabolismo , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Oogênese , Rhodnius/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Distribuição TecidualRESUMO
Glycosaminoglycans are thought to accumulate in formative lesions like drug-induced gingival overgrowth. Recent evidences, however, suggest that the amounts of glycosaminoglycans are comparable in overgrown and healthy gingiva. Besides, alterations in the size distribution of glycosaminoglycan molecules isolated from phenytoin-induced overgrown samples have also been suggested. Therefore, we sought to determine possible differences in molecular size distribution of gingival glycosaminoglycans in other types of drug-induced overgrowths. Purified gingival glycosaminoglycans from healthy and cyclosporin- and nifedipine-induced overgrown gingival tissues were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis and their molecular-size distribution was evaluated by both gel filtration chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Our results on the gingival glycosaminoglycan composition showed presence of chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate and hyaluronic acid in all types of gingival tissues examined. In addition, hyaluronic acid was predominantly of a large size eluting near to the void volume of a Superose-6 column, while the sulfated glycosaminoglycans were mainly composed of low molecular size glycosaminoglycans. Our results show no differences in the molecular-size distribution of hyaluronic acid and sulfated glycosaminoglycans among healthy and drug-induced overgrown gingival tissues.
Assuntos
Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/efeitos adversos , Ciclosporina/efeitos adversos , Gengiva/química , Crescimento Excessivo da Gengiva/metabolismo , Glicosaminoglicanos/química , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Nifedipino/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Adulto , Sulfatos de Condroitina/isolamento & purificação , Cromatografia em Gel , Dermatan Sulfato/isolamento & purificação , Eletroforese em Gel de Ágar , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Glicosaminoglicanos/isolamento & purificação , Heparitina Sulfato/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Ácido Hialurônico/isolamento & purificação , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estrutura Molecular , Peso Molecular , SefaroseRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Several investigators have reported an increase in urinary glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in patients with relapsing polychondritis (RP). The aim of this investigation is to analyze the composition and structure of urinary GAGs from a Brazilian patient with RP. DESIGN AND METHODS: The identification and structural analyses of the GAGs were made by electrophoresis and degradation with specific enzymes and identification of their disaccharides products by HPLC chromatography. RESULTS: The disaccharide products formed from RP urinary chondroitin sulfate (CS) by action of chondroitin ABC lyase showed a substantial relative increase of nonsulfated disaccharides with a relative decrease of 6-sulfated disaccharides compared to control subjects. In addition, a significant change of the ratio of CS and heparan sulfate was also observed in the RP patient. CONCLUSION: The RP patient analyzed has shown a structural anomaly of the urinary CS and this may contribute to the diagnosis of this disease.