RESUMO

With the expanding use of thermal assessment techniques in beef cattle, infrared thermography has become a promising tool for assessing the environment for animal thermal comfort. Goals of this study were: (1) to evaluate cattle thermal comfort in agroforestry systems with different shade availability (2) to verify the spatiotemporal variations of infrared temperature inside agroforestry systems, and; (3) to test infrared thermography as a potential tool to assess animal thermal comfort indices in agroforestry systems. A trial was carried out between June 2015 and February 2016, covering Central-Brazil's dry winter and rainy summer seasons, respectively. The experimental area of Embrapa Beef Cattle is located in Campo Grande (Mato Grosso do Sul), coordinates 20°24'53″ S, 54°42'26″ W and 558 m altitude. The 12 ha plot has two agroforestry systems varying shade availability. Traditional Black Globe Temperature and Humidity Index, Heat Load Index and Radiation Thermal Load were determined, from measurements using digital thermo-hygrometers, with datalogger. Surface temperature and humidity of tree canopies and pasture were determined using an infrared thermographic camera. Results show spatiotemporal variations in infrared temperature. This means that the environment inside agroforestry systems is not homogeneously comfortable for cattle, and the system with the lowest shade availability has the greatest heat accumulation area. Weak to strong associations were identified between infrared variables and thermal comfort indices (0.08 = r ≤ 0.75). Positive relationships were also obtained and equally well explained by the Black Globe Temperature and Humidity Index and Heat Load Index (0.55 = R2 ≤ 0.94). We conclude that infrared thermography can be used as a tool to assess thermal comfort indices in agroforestry systems and to determine onset of animal thermal stress from environment and heat body accumulation.

Assuntos

RESUMO

In agroforestry systems, trees modify climatic parameters over a given area and create a complex microclimate through interactions between topography, plant composition and organizational structure of trees. In this way, indicators such as surface temperature of tree canopy and pasture, monitored by infrared thermography, are important to monitor the thermal environment of animal production and pasture establishment. Goals of this study were (1) to evaluate temporal and local variations of temperature and humidity leaf surface of tree canopy and pasture in agroforestry systems by infrared remote sensing and, (2) to validate infrared thermography as a potential tool for assessment microclimate in agroforestry systems. The study was carried out between June 2015 and February 2016 in an experimental area located at 54°370'W, 20°270'S and 530 m altitude, in Brazil. Surface temperatures and humidity of tree canopy and pasture in two agroforestry systems with different densities and tree spatial arrangements were determined using infrared thermography. Air, black globe and dew point temperatures, relative humidity and wind speed were measured using digital thermo-hygrometers with datalogger. Moderate to strong associations have been identified between microclimate parameters and those monitored by means of thermography measurements (0.45 ≥ r ≤ 0.78), suggesting positive relationships and equally well explained by air temperature, black globe temperature and relative air humidity (R2 = 0.68 ≥ R2 ≤ 0.98). Variations in hourly averages of temperatures and humidity of pasture and tree canopy show similar patterns between seasons, with consistently higheraverages during summer and under full sun, indicating the existence of a thermal band with leaf temperatures above air temperature. Therefore, this work's findings support use of infrared thermography as a tool for microclimate assessment in agroforestry systems.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective was to evaluate vaginal temperature as a thermoregulatory response of Nellore heifers under different microclimatic conditions. The study was conducted during one year in an experimental area located at 54°37'W, 20°27'S, and 530 m of altitude in Brazil. Twenty-four Nellore females were reared in integrated crop-livestock-forestry systems with different shading patterns. The randomized complete block experimental design was utilized with a sub subdivided plots scheme, with plot corresponding to the production systems, the subplot to the season of the year, and the sub subplot, the hours of the day. To characterize the microclimate, data regarding air and black globe temperatures, and air relative humidity were collected and from them, temperature-humidity index was calculated. Vaginal temperature was obtained by using a bottom-type temperature logger (i-button) attached to an adapted intravaginal device. The black-globe temperature explained the variation on vaginal temperature. Increases on vaginal temperature were only observed, on average, two hours after the increase of black-globe temperature. The microclimatic conditions found in the systems, resulting from the various tree densities, modify the vaginal temperature in different degrees, demonstrating that the shading effect is not always accompanied by improvements in thermal comfort. The system with intermediate density showed a better microclimatic condition and, consequently, a lower increase in vaginal temperature. The interaction between air temperature, humidity and solar radiation resulted in adverse environmental conditions, however, Nellore heifers showed good adaptation to the environment. In conclusion, vaginal temperature is a good indicator to evaluate the thermoregulatory response in Nellore heifers.

Assuntos

RESUMO

O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar o procedimento de cesariana em um caso de parto distócico em caprino. Uma cabra mestiça Anglo-Nubiana de quatro anos de idade, pesando 40kg foi atendida no Hospital Veterinário Antônio Francisco Fonzar da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias de Andradina, apresentando dificuldade ao parto. Ao exame físico, o animal apresentava-se ofegante, inquieto, com apetite presente e bom estado corporal. Foi realizado exame vaginal constatando prolapso vaginal, retal, dilatação cervical insuficiente, porém, sem observação de feto e membranas fetais. No exame clínico constatou-se que a temperatura retal e frequência cardíaca e respiratória estavam dentro dos limites considerados como normais para a espécie. Realizou-se uma ultrassonografia uterina observando gestação gemelar, viabilidade fetal e apresentação fetal anormal devido a posição transversal de um dos fetos. O plano terapêutico escolhido foi a realização de cesariana, o tratamento pós-operatório consistiu na administração de Flunixin meglumina (2mg/kg de peso corporal, durante 3 dias), Oxitetraciclina(1mL/10kg de peso vivo,em uma única aplicação) e Penicilina Benzatina (20.000 UI/kg a cada 48 horas, totalizando 5 aplicações). Para o curativo local utilizou-se pomada a base de gentamicina, sulfadiazina de prata, vitamina A e unguento. Após duas semanas o animal já apresentava plena recuperação, conclui-se que a conduta e os procedimentos cirúrgico foram bem-sucedidos.(AU)

The objective of this study was to report the cesarean section procedure in a case of dystocic delivery in goats. A four-year-old Anglo-Nubian goat, weighing 40kg, was attended at the Veterinary Hospital Antônio Francisco Fonzar of the Faculty of Agrarian Sciences of Andradina, presenting difficulty in parturition. On physical examination, the animal was restless, with a present appetite and good body condition. The vaginal examination revealed vaginal prolapse, rectal, insufficient cervical dilatation, but without fetal observation and fetal membranes. In the clinical examination it was verified that the rectal temperature and heart and respiratory rate were within the limits considered normal for the species. A uterine ultrasound was performed observing twin pregnancy, fetal viability and abnormal fetal presentation due to the transverse position of one fetus. The therapeutic plan chosen for cesarean section, the postoperative treatment consisted of administration of Flunixin meglumine (2 mg/kg body weight for 3 days), Oxytetracycline 20% (20 mg/kg body weight in a single application) and Benzathine Penicillin (20,000 IU/kg every 48 hours, totaling 5 applications). For the local dressing was used ointment based on gentamicin, silver sulfadiazine, vitamin A and ointment. After two weeks the animal already had full recovery, it is concluded that the surgical procedures and conduct were successful.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar o procedimento de cesariana em um caso de parto distócico em caprino. Uma cabra mestiça Anglo-Nubiana de quatro anos de idade, pesando 40kg foi atendida no Hospital Veterinário Antônio Francisco Fonzar da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias de Andradina, apresentando dificuldade ao parto. Ao exame físico, o animal apresentava-se ofegante, inquieto, com apetite presente e bom estado corporal. Foi realizado exame vaginal constatando prolapso vaginal, retal, dilatação cervical insuficiente, porém, sem observação de feto e membranas fetais. No exame clínico constatou-se que a temperatura retal e frequência cardíaca e respiratória estavam dentro dos limites considerados como normais para a espécie. Realizou-se uma ultrassonografia uterina observando gestação gemelar, viabilidade fetal e apresentação fetal anormal devido a posição transversal de um dos fetos. O plano terapêutico escolhido foi a realização de cesariana, o tratamento pós-operatório consistiu na administração de Flunixin meglumina (2mg/kg de peso corporal, durante 3 dias), Oxitetraciclina(1mL/10kg de peso vivo,em uma única aplicação) e Penicilina Benzatina (20.000 UI/kg a cada 48 horas, totalizando 5 aplicações). Para o curativo local utilizou-se pomada a base de gentamicina, sulfadiazina de prata, vitamina A e unguento. Após duas semanas o animal já apresentava plena recuperação, conclui-se que a conduta e os procedimentos cirúrgico foram bem-sucedidos.

The objective of this study was to report the cesarean section procedure in a case of dystocic delivery in goats. A four-year-old Anglo-Nubian goat, weighing 40kg, was attended at the Veterinary Hospital Antônio Francisco Fonzar of the Faculty of Agrarian Sciences of Andradina, presenting difficulty in parturition. On physical examination, the animal was restless, with a present appetite and good body condition. The vaginal examination revealed vaginal prolapse, rectal, insufficient cervical dilatation, but without fetal observation and fetal membranes. In the clinical examination it was verified that the rectal temperature and heart and respiratory rate were within the limits considered normal for the species. A uterine ultrasound was performed observing twin pregnancy, fetal viability and abnormal fetal presentation due to the transverse position of one fetus. The therapeutic plan chosen for cesarean section, the postoperative treatment consisted of administration of Flunixin meglumine (2 mg/kg body weight for 3 days), Oxytetracycline 20% (20 mg/kg body weight in a single application) and Benzathine Penicillin (20,000 IU/kg every 48 hours, totaling 5 applications). For the local dressing was used ointment based on gentamicin, silver sulfadiazine, vitamin A and ointment. After two weeks the animal already had full recovery, it is concluded that the surgical procedures and conduct were successful.

Assuntos