RESUMO
PURPOSE: Children should feel sad when they believe that a negative outcome is permanent. The sadness that an oral problem might bring tends to contribute to children's loneliness and increase the social stress levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of untreated dental caries, dental pain, malocclusion, and traumatic dental injury on prevalence of sadness related to oral health among Brazilian children. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out with 397 children aged 8-10 years randomly selected from public and private schools in Diamantina, Brazil. The Brazilian version of the CPQ8-10 was applied. Sadness was collected through the question, "In the last month how often did you feel sad because of your teeth or mouth?" and dental pain through the question, "In the last month, how many times have you had pain in your teeth?" One calibrated examiner (Kappa value intra examiner: 0.77-0.91; Kappa value inter examiner: 0.80-1.00) performed the exam for dental caries (DMFT), malocclusion (DAI), and dental trauma (O'Brien). Parents answered questions addressing socioeconomic issues. Descriptive analyses, Chi-square test, and hierarchical Poisson regression models were performed (IC 95%; p < 0.05)." RESULTS: The prevalence of sadness related to oral health was 30.5% (n = 121). Sadness related to oral health was associated with untreated dental caries (PR: 1.46; 95% CI 1.32-2.46; p = 0.001 ) and dental pain (PR: 2.91; 95% CI 2.00-4.22; p < 0.001). Other clinical variables analyzed (traumatic dental injury and malocclusion) were not significantly associated with sadness related to oral health. CONCLUSIONS: Children with untreated dental caries and dental pain presented a higher report of sadness related to oral health.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária , Má Oclusão , Traumatismos Dentários , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Humanos , Má Oclusão/epidemiologia , Saúde Bucal , Dor/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Qualidade de Vida , Tristeza , Inquéritos e Questionários , Traumatismos Dentários/complicações , Traumatismos Dentários/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Vaccinia virus (VACV) is the agent of bovine vaccinia (BV), an emerging zoonosis that causes exanthematic lesions on the teats of dairy cows and on the hands of milkers. The virus has been detected in the milk of naturally infected cows. The objective of this study was to investigate and quantify VACV DNA as well as the presence of infectious virus particles in samples of cheese curd, cheese whey and pasteurized milk produced using milk from cows experimentally inoculated with VACV-GP2, a Brazilian isolate of VACV (VACV-BR). VACV DNA was detected in samples of cheese and pasteurized milk at different time points, even after the resolution of the typical lesions caused by VACV, which occurred after 22 days post-infection (dpi), on average. Moreover, it was possible to detect infectious viral particles in cheese samples on alternate days until 27 dpi. The presence of both VACV DNA and infectious viral particles in cheese samples throughout the clinical course of BV and even after the disappearance of the typical clinical signs of disease draws attention to the risk associated with consumption of the cheese. Furthermore, VACV-contaminated milk and cheese may represent an occupational risk to cheesemakers who often manipulate milk and cheese curd without wearing gloves.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/virologia , Laticínios/virologia , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/virologia , Leite/virologia , Vaccinia virus/isolamento & purificação , Vacínia/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos , Queijo/virologia , DNA Viral/análise , Feminino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Saúde Pública , Vacínia/virologia , Vaccinia virus/genética , ZoonosesRESUMO
Bovine vaccinia (BV), a zoonosis caused by Vaccinia virus (VACV), affects dairy cattle and milkers, causing economic, veterinary and human health impacts. Despite such impacts, there are no experimental studies about the pathogenesis of BV in cows to assess whether there is a systemic spread of the virus and whether there are different ways of VACV shedding. Trying to answer some of these questions, a study was proposed using experimental inoculation of VACV in cows. All experimentally infected cows developed lesions compatible with VACV infection in cattle. Two of the six animals presented VACV DNA in blood and faecal samples, starting at the 2nd and the 3rd day post-infection (d.p.i.), respectively, and lasting until the 36th d.p.i., in an intermittent way. This study provides new evidence that VACV can be detected in blood and faeces of infected cows, suggesting that BV could be a systemic disease, and also bringing new information about the epidemiology and pathogenesis of BV.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/virologia , Fezes/virologia , Vaccinia virus/isolamento & purificação , Vacínia/veterinária , Viremia/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/sangue , DNA Viral/análise , Surtos de Doenças , Feminino , Leite/virologia , Vacínia/sangue , Vacínia/virologia , Vaccinia virus/genética , Viremia/virologia , Eliminação de Partículas ViraisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: T-lymphocyte depletion is a strategy to reverse the impact of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in progression to chronic allograft dysfunction, especially among patients at high risk for delayed graft function (DGF). METHODS: The present work assessed the effect of thymoglobulin among a population with a high incidence of DGF. We analyzed 209 transplanted patients: 97 in the thymoglobulin and 112 in the control group. RESULTS: The main complication was DGF (59.3%), with a similar incidence in both groups (63.9% vs. 55.3%; P = .36). Acute rejection episodes (ARE) were decreased with thymoglobulin (8.2% vs. 28.5%; P < .001), but cytomegalovirus viremia was 3.4-fold more frequent (58.3% vs. 17.1%; P < .001). One-year graft function was significantly better in the thymoglobulin group (59.2 ± 17.2 vs. 51.8 ± 15.3 mL/min; P = .004), even when censored by ARE (59.7 ± 17.5 vs. 53.3 ± 14.4; P = .023). The same difference was observed at the 2-year follow-up (P = .024), even when censored for ARE (P = .045). A multivariate analysis showed thymoglobulin to be a factor strongly associated with protection of graft function (P = .039). CONCLUSION: Despite not reducing the incidence of DGF, thymoglobulin induction significantly reduced the incidence of ARE and showed a long-term profile of protection of renal graft function, independent of the reduction in ARE.
Assuntos
Soro Antilinfocitário/administração & dosagem , Função Retardada do Enxerto/prevenção & controle , Imunossupressores/administração & dosagem , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Soro Antilinfocitário/efeitos adversos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Isquemia Fria/efeitos adversos , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/epidemiologia , Função Retardada do Enxerto/diagnóstico , Função Retardada do Enxerto/epidemiologia , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Rejeição de Enxerto/epidemiologia , Rejeição de Enxerto/prevenção & controle , Sobrevivência de Enxerto/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Incidência , Testes de Função Renal , Transplante de Rim/imunologia , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Vitamin A and zinc are powerful antioxidants with synergy between them, thus protecting the organism against oxidative stress during the pre and postoperative periods. Our aim was to investigate the evolution clinical in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting while receiving vitamin A supplements according to their zinc nutritional status. They were randomly divided into two groups (2:1): Control group (G1 = 60); and Supplemented group (G2 = 30) and subdivided according to the nutritional status of zinc. Serum concentrations of retinol, ß-carotene, zinc and levels of malondialdehyde were measured prior to (T0) and on the 21st day (T1) following surgery. After surgery, was found a significant difference between G1 and G2 when comparing retinol (G1 = 38.7 ± 17.1 µg/dL and G2 = 62.1 ± 20.3 µg/dL; p < 0.001) and ß-carotene (G1 = 12.3 ± 5.7 µg/dL and G2 = 53.5 ± 20.9 µg/dL; p < 0.001) in the patients with adequate concentrations of zinc. Analyzing the evolution clinical, operative mortality was 8.33% in G1 and 3.33% in G2. Hospitalization time significantly smaller in the G2 was found in the patients who had adequate concentrations of zinc (p = 0.001), as well as time in the intensive care unit both in those with adequate and inadequate levels of zinc (p = 0.047; p = 0.039). Such results may indicate that vitamin A supplementation may have a positive impact in combating the oxidative stress to which these patients are exposed above all in patients with adequate levels of zinc.