RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Itraconazole is the first-choice option to treat human and animal sporotrichosis. However, the emergence of itraconazole-resistant strains has encouraged research on new active antifungals. Among them, the essential oil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis Linn., Lamiaceae) has shown antifungal activity in vitro. OBJECTIVE: Assessing, for the first time, the effectiveness of rosemary essential oil in vivo in experimental cutaneous sporotrichosis, as well as its chemical composition and action mode. METHODS: Itraconazole-resistant Sporothrix brasiliensis was inoculated in the left foot pad of 30 Wistar rats, which were randomized (n=10) for treatment with saline solution (control, CONT), itraconazole (ITRA, 10 mg/kg) and rosemary oil (ROSM, 250 mg/kg) for 30 days at an oral dose of 1 mL, daily. Clinical evolution, histopathology and fungal burden were investigated. GC-MS was used for chemical analysis; sorbitol protection and ergosterol effect were used to evaluate the action mechanism of rosemary oil. RESULTS: ROSM was the only group evolving to skin lesion remission, lack of edema and exudate, and mild-to-absent yeast cells. Rosemary oil delayed fungal spreading and protected systemic organs, mainly liver and spleen. The ROSM group presented lower fungal load than that observed for the CONT and ITRA groups (p<0.05). Antifungal action took place at complexation level after ergosterol application. Most compounds were 1,8-cineole/eucalyptol (47.91%), camphor (17.92%), and α-pinene (11.52%). CONCLUSIONS: These findings have evidenced that rosemary oil is a promising antifungal to treat sporotrichosis, since it protects systemic organs from fungal spread.
Assuntos
Óleos Voláteis , Rosmarinus , Animais , Ratos , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Itraconazol/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Ratos Wistar , SporothrixAssuntos
Dispareunia/terapia , Lasers de Gás/uso terapêutico , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Incontinência Urinária/terapia , Infecções Urinárias/radioterapia , Feminino , Humanos , Terapia a Laser/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mucosa/patologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Síndrome , Vagina/patologiaRESUMO
The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of mandibular advancement or setback surgery on the facial soft tissue assessed using three-dimensional images. An electronic search was performed in the MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Virtual Health Library (VHL), Web of Science, and OpenGrey databases. Inclusion criteria comprised studies that evaluated the soft tissues of adult patients before and after mandibular advancement or setback surgery using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. The risk of bias was analyzed. A total of 3501 studies were retrieved. The titles and abstracts of 2071 studies were read and 2040 of them were excluded. Thirty-one articles were read in full and six fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included. A meta-analysis was performed using three of these articles. The correlation was significant and strong in the chin area (r=0.876 and r=0.868) and moderate for the lower lip/lower incisor (r=0.690). The ratio for lower lip/infradentale was 78% and for Pog'/Pog was 98%. Due to the limited number of articles included, there is weak evidence to infer that changes in the facial soft tissue due to mandibular advancement or setback are significant, but changes in the lower lip tend to be smaller than changes in the chin area.
Assuntos
Face/anatomia & histologia , Face/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento Tridimensional , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Avanço Mandibular , Prognatismo/diagnóstico por imagem , Prognatismo/cirurgia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , HumanosRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of counterclockwise (CCW) rotation and maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) on the upper airway space using three-dimensional images. An electronic search was performed in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Virtual Health Library, Web of Science, and OpenGrey databases (end date July 2016); a hand-search of primary study reference lists was also conducted. The inclusion criteria encompassed computed tomography evaluations of the upper airway spaces of adult patients undergoing orthognathic surgery with CCW rotation and MMA. The articles were evaluated for risk of bias with a tool for before-and-after studies. A meta-analysis was performed with the mean differences using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed with the Q-test and the I2 index. The meta-analysis revealed significant (P<0.001) increases in both the total airway volume (effect size of 6832mm3 and confidence interval of 5554-8109mm3) and the minimum axial area (effect size of 92mm2 and confidence interval of 70-113mm2). The heterogeneity was low in both comparisons (I2=38% and 7%, respectively). The technique of mandibular advancement with CCW rotation produced significant increases in the volumes and areas of the upper airway spaces.
Assuntos
Imageamento Tridimensional , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Ortognáticos , Faringe/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Humanos , RotaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to report the first 54 cases of pregnant women infected by Zika virus (ZIKV) and their virologic and clinical outcomes, as well as their newborns' outcomes, in 2016, after the emergence of ZIKV in dengue-endemic areas of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: This descriptive study was performed from February to October 2016 on 54 quantitative real-time PCR ZIKV-positive pregnant women identified by the public health authority of São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. The women were followed and had clinical and epidemiologic data collected before and after birth. Adverse outcomes in newborns were analysed and reported. Urine or blood samples from newborns were collected to identify ZIKV infection by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). RESULTS: A total of 216 acute Zika-suspected pregnant women were identified, and 54 had the diagnosis confirmed by RT-PCR. None of the 54 women miscarried. Among the 54 newborns, 15 exhibited adverse outcomes at birth. The highest number of ZIKV infections occurred during the second and third trimesters. No cases of microcephaly were reported, though a broad clinical spectrum of outcomes, including lenticulostriate vasculopathy, subependymal cysts, and auditory and ophthalmologic disorders, were identified. ZIKV RNA was detected in 18 of 51 newborns tested and in eight of 15 newborns with adverse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Although other studies have associated many newborn outcomes to ZIKV infection during pregnancy, these same adverse outcomes were rare or nonexistent in this study. The clinical presentation the newborns we studied was mild compared to other reports, suggesting that there is significant heterogeneity in congenital Zika infection.
Assuntos
Doenças Fetais/virologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Infecção por Zika virus/complicações , Zika virus/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Brasil , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Filogenia , Gravidez , Adulto Jovem , Zika virus/classificação , Zika virus/genéticaRESUMO
This study evaluated levels for mRNA expression of 7 cytokines in ocular toxoplasmosis. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with ocular toxoplasmosis (OT Group, n = 23) and chronic toxoplasmosis individuals (CHR Group, n = 9) were isolated and stimulated in vitro with T. gondii antigen. Negative controls (NC) were constituted of 7 PBMC samples from individuals seronegative for toxoplasmosis. mRNA expression for cytokines was determined by qPCR. Results showed a significant increase in mRNA levels from antigen stimulated PBMCs derived from OT Group for expressing IL-6 (at P < .005 and P < .0005 for CHR and NC groups, respectively), IL-10 (at P < .0005 and P < .005 for CHR and NC groups, respectively) and TGF-ß (at P < .005) for NC group. mRNA levels for TNF-α and IL-12 were also upregulated in patients with OT compared to CHR and NC individuals, although without statistical significance. Additionally, mRNA levels for IL-27 and IFN-γ in PBMC of patients with OT were upregulated in comparison with NC individuals. Differences between OT and NC groups were statistically significant at P < .05 and P < .0005, respectively.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Protozoários/imunologia , Citocinas/genética , Leucócitos Mononucleares/imunologia , RNA Mensageiro/biossíntese , Toxoplasma/imunologia , Toxoplasmose Ocular/imunologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Toxoplasmose Ocular/diagnóstico , Toxoplasmose Ocular/parasitologiaRESUMO
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate how parameters related to geometry influence the clinical performance of orthodontic mini-implants (MIs). Systematic searches were performed in electronic databases including MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Virtual Health Library, and Cochrane Library and reference lists up to March 2016. Eligibility criteria comprised clinical studies involving patients who received MIs for orthodontic anchorage, with data for categories of MI dimension, shape, and thread design and insertion site, and evaluated by assessment of primary and secondary stability. Study selection, data extraction, quality assessment, and a meta-analysis were carried out. Twenty-seven studies were included in the qualitative synthesis: five randomized, eight prospective, and 14 retrospective clinical studies. One study with a serious risk of bias was later excluded. Medium and short MIs (1.4-1.9mm diameter and 5-8mm length) presented the highest success rates (0.87, 95% CI 0.80-0.92). A maximum insertion torque of 13.28Ncm (standard error 0.34) was observed for tapered self-drilling MIs in the mandible, whereas cylindrical MIs in the maxilla presented a maximum removal torque of 10.01Ncm (standard error 0.17). Moderate evidence indicates that the clinical performance of MIs is influenced by implant geometry parameters and is also related to properties of the insertion site. However, further research is necessary to support these associations.
Assuntos
Implantes Dentários , Procedimentos de Ancoragem Ortodôntica/instrumentação , Implantação Dentária , Planejamento de Prótese Dentária , HumanosAssuntos
Gerenciamento Clínico , Terapia a Laser/métodos , Prolapso de Órgão Pélvico/complicações , Estrias de Distensão/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prolapso de Órgão Pélvico/diagnóstico , Prolapso de Órgão Pélvico/prevenção & controle , Fatores de Risco , Estrias de Distensão/diagnóstico , Estrias de Distensão/prevenção & controleRESUMO
The role of some genes and their single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as genetic contributors of complex diseases is still a topic of much investigation. Research on genes related to autism susceptibility has been somewhat challenging, but also promising. Common genomic variants of CNTNAP2 have been associated with autism, and a range of autistic phenotypes such as impaired language function, abnormal social behavior, intellectual deficiency, epilepsy, and schizophrenia have been associated with this gene. Earlier findings have suggested that SNPs in the CNTNAP2 gene may be used as genetic markers for predisposition to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We analyzed the SNPs (rs7794745 and rs2710102) in the CNTNAP2 gene of 210 individuals with idiopathic ASD and 200 non-autistic individuals by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The results revealed higher frequency distributions statistically significant (P = 0.034) of the homozygous SNP rs7794745 (presumed risk genotype) in ASD patients as compared with control subjects. The results also showed an association (OR = 1.802, 95%CI = 1.054-3.083, P = 0.042) between the same homozygous genotype and ASD, suggesting that it is a susceptibility factor for autism in this Brazilian population.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Espectro Autista/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Adolescente , Adulto , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/genética , Brasil , Criança , Feminino , Estudos de Associação Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of different types of orthognathic surgery on the dimensions of the upper airways assessed using three-dimensional images. An electronic search was performed in Cochrane Library, Medline, Scopus, VHL, Web of Science, and the System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe, ending January 2015. Inclusion criteria encompassed clinical studies in humans, patient age >15 years, patients submitted to maxillary or mandibular advancement or setback surgery, isolated or in combination, and presentation of airway measures, specifically volume and/or minimum cross-sectional area (CSA), obtained from computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Additional searches were conducted on the references of included articles and in the NLM catalogue. An assessment of the risk of bias was performed. A total of 1180 studies were retrieved, of which 28 met the eligibility criteria; one was later excluded as it presented a high risk of bias. A meta-analysis was performed. There is moderate evidence to conclude that the upper airway minimum CSA increases significantly (124.13 mm(2)) after maxillomandibular advancement (MMA); the total volume increases significantly after MMA (7416.10mm(3)) and decreases significantly after maxillary advancement+mandibular setback (-1552.90 mm(3)) and isolated mandibular setback (-1894.65 mm(3)).