RESUMO

The aim of this study was to determine the allergenic activity of components present in crude extracts of Pterobothrium crassicolle plerocerci (CPE) and blastocysts (CBE) obtained from Micropogonias furnieri in a murine model. Two groups of seven animals each received 50 µg of CPE or CBE on days 1, 35 and 120. Serum samples were tested by ELISA and Immunoblotting. Specific IgG and IgE levels were detected by ELISA, showing specific humoral responses for the primary immunization for both immunoglobulins and continuously growing titers for IgE. Positive Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis tests in rats sensitized with anti-CBE sera and tested by CBE, showed biologically, the allergenic activity of the extracts. The CPE and CBE showed some different recognition regions but both experimental groups recognized all regions of the extracts when tested for cross reactions, showing that CPE and CBE could share antigenic recognition sites.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the allergenic activity of components present in crude extracts of Pterobothrium crassicolle plerocerci (CPE) and blastocysts (CBE) obtained from Micropogonias furnieri in a murine model. Two groups of seven animals each received 50 µg of CPE or CBE on days 1, 35 and 120. Serum samples were tested by ELISA and Immunoblotting. Specific IgG and IgE levels were detected by ELISA, showing specific humoral responses for the primary immunization for both immunoglobulins and continuously growing titers for IgE. Positive Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis tests in rats sensitized with anti-CBE sera and tested by CBE, showed biologically, the allergenic activity of the extracts. The CPE and CBE showed some different recognition regions but both experimental groups recognized all regions of the extracts when tested for cross reactions, showing that CPE and CBE could share antigenic recognition sites.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a atividade alergênica de componentes presentes em extratos crus de plerocercos (CPE) e de blastocistos de Pterobothrium crassicolle (CBE), obtidos de Micropogonias furnieri, em modelo murino. Dois grupos de sete animais receberam cada um 50 µg de CPE ou CBE nos dias 1, 35 e 120. As amostras de soro foram testadas por ELISA e Imunoblot. Os níveis específicos de IgG e IgE foram detectados por ELISA, mostrando respostas humorais específicas para a imunização primária para ambas as imunoglobulinas e títulos crescentes de IgE. Testes positivos de Anafilaxia Cutânea Passiva em ratos sensibilizados com soros anti-CBE e testados por CBE, demonstraram biologicamente, a atividade alergênica dos extratos. O CPE e o CBE evidenciaram algumas regiões de reconhecimento diferentes, mas ambos os grupos experimentais reconheceram todas as regiões dos extratos, quando testados para reações cruzadas, mostrando que o CPE e o CBE poderiam compartilhar locais de reconhecimento antigênico.

RESUMO

Fish consumption plays an important role in human diet. Hoplias malabaricus, commonly known as traíra, is a freshwater fish widely appreciated in several Brazilian states and frequently infected by Eustrongylides sp. fourth-instar larvae (L4). The aim of the present study was to evaluate allergenic potential of Eustrongylides sp. L4 crude extract (CEE). BALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally (IP) by 10 µg CEE with 2 mg of aluminum hydroxide on days 0 and 35. Specific IgG and IgE antibody levels were determined after immunization and cellular immunity was evaluated by assessing intradermal reaction in ear pavilion. Epicutaneous sensitization was performed in dorsal region by antigen exposure using a Finn-type chamber containing 50 µg of CEE or saline solution, followed by evaluation of specific antibody levels. IP immunization resulted in a gradual increase in IgG antibody levels and transitory IgE production. Significant increase in ear thickness was observed in cellular hypersensitivity reaction. In case of antigen exposure by epicutaneous route, CEE was able to induce meaningfully increased levels of specific IgG and IgE antibodies as well as heightened cellular immunity. Both intraperitoneal immunization and epicutaneous contact with Eustrongylides sp. larval antigens were observed for first time to be capable of inducing immunological sensitization in mice.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract Fish consumption plays an important role in human diet. Hoplias malabaricus, commonly known as traíra, is a freshwater fish widely appreciated in several Brazilian states and frequently infected by Eustrongylides sp. fourth-instar larvae (L4). The aim of the present study was to evaluate allergenic potential of Eustrongylides sp. L4 crude extract (CEE). BALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally (IP) by 10 μg CEE with 2 mg of aluminum hydroxide on days 0 and 35. Specific IgG and IgE antibody levels were determined after immunization and cellular immunity was evaluated by assessing intradermal reaction in ear pavilion. Epicutaneous sensitization was performed in dorsal region by antigen exposure using a Finn-type chamber containing 50 μg of CEE or saline solution, followed by evaluation of specific antibody levels. IP immunization resulted in a gradual increase in IgG antibody levels and transitory IgE production. Significant increase in ear thickness was observed in cellular hypersensitivity reaction. In case of antigen exposure by epicutaneous route, CEE was able to induce meaningfully increased levels of specific IgG and IgE antibodies as well as heightened cellular immunity. Both intraperitoneal immunization and epicutaneous contact with Eustrongylides sp. larval antigens were observed for first time to be capable of inducing immunological sensitization in mice.

Resumo Consumir peixe constitui papel importante na dieta humana. Hoplias malabaricus, comumente chamado de traíra, peixe de água doce largamente apreciado no Brasil, é frequentemente infectado com larvas de quarto estágio (L4) de Eustrongylides sp. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o potencial alergênico do Extrato Bruto de L4 de Eustrongylides sp. (EBE). Camundongos BALB/c foram imunizados intraperitonealmente (IP) por 10 μg de EBE com 2 mg de hidróxido de alumínio nos dias 0 e 35. Após imunização, determinaram-se níveis específicos de anticorpos IgG e IgE e avaliou-se a imunidade celular pela reação intradérmica no pavilhão auricular. Realizou-se sensibilização epicutânea na região dorsal pela exposição ao antígeno, utilizando-se câmara tipo Finn, contendo 50 μg de CEE ou solução salina. Após exposições, foram avaliados níveis específicos de anticorpos. Na imunização via IP, houve aumento gradual nos níveis de anticorpos IgG e produção de IgE transitória. Foi observado aumento significativo na espessura do pavilhão auricular na reação de hipersensibilidade celular. Na exposição ao antígeno pela via epicutânea, o EBE induziu aumento significante nos níveis de anticorpos IgG e IgE específicos e induziu imunidade celular. Pela primeira vez, observou-se que a imunização intraperitoneal e contato epicutâneo com antígenos larvares de Eustrongylides sp. são capazes de induzir sensibilização imunológica em camundongos.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Fish consumption plays an important role in human diet. Hoplias malabaricus, commonly known as traíra, is a freshwater fish widely appreciated in several Brazilian states and frequently infected by Eustrongylides sp. fourth-instar larvae (L4). The aim of the present study was to evaluate allergenic potential of Eustrongylides sp. L4 crude extract (CEE). BALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally (IP) by 10 g CEE with 2 mg of aluminum hydroxide on days 0 and 35. Specific IgG and IgE antibody levels were determined after immunization and cellular immunity was evaluated by assessing intradermal reaction in ear pavilion. Epicutaneous sensitization was performed in dorsal region by antigen exposure using a Finn-type chamber containing 50 g of CEE or saline solution, followed by evaluation of specific antibody levels. IP immunization resulted in a gradual increase in IgG antibody levels and transitory IgE production. Significant increase in ear thickness was observed in cellular hypersensitivity reaction. In case of antigen exposure by epicutaneous route, CEE was able to induce meaningfully increased levels of specific IgG and IgE antibodies as well as heightened cellular immunity. Both intraperitoneal immunization and epicutaneous contact with Eustrongylides sp. larval antigens were observed for first time to be capable of inducing immunological sensitization in mice.(AU)

Consumir peixe constitui papel importante na dieta humana. Hoplias malabaricus, comumente chamado de traíra, peixe de água doce largamente apreciado no Brasil, é frequentemente infectado com larvas de quarto estágio (L4) de Eustrongylides sp. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o potencial alergênico do Extrato Bruto de L4 de Eustrongylides sp. (EBE). Camundongos BALB/c foram imunizados intraperitonealmente (IP) por 10 g de EBE com 2 mg de hidróxido de alumínio nos dias 0 e 35. Após imunização, determinaram-se níveis específicos de anticorpos IgG e IgE e avaliou-se a imunidade celular pela reação intradérmica no pavilhão auricular. Realizou-se sensibilização epicutânea na região dorsal pela exposição ao antígeno, utilizando-se câmara tipo Finn, contendo 50 g de CEE ou solução salina. Após exposições, foram avaliados níveis específicos de anticorpos. Na imunização via IP, houve aumento gradual nos níveis de anticorpos IgG e produção de IgE transitória. Foi observado aumento significativo na espessura do pavilhão auricular na reação de hipersensibilidade celular. Na exposição ao antígeno pela via epicutânea, o EBE induziu aumento significante nos níveis de anticorpos IgG e IgE específicos e induziu imunidade celular. Pela primeira vez, observou-se que a imunização intraperitoneal e contato epicutâneo com antígenos larvares de Eustrongylides sp. são capazes de induzir sensibilização imunológica em camundongos.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The sheep industry, a very important economic activity in Paraná State, can be affected by gastrointestinal parasites. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in sheep raised in the north region of Paraná State. Fecal samples were collected from 69 animals and processed by flotation and sedimentation techniques. Parasites were observed in 63 (91.3%) animals. The most frequent parasites were strongylid eggs (81.2%), followed by Eimeria sp (42%) and Giardia duodenalis (10.1%). To our knowledge, this is the first report of Giardia duodenalis in sheep raised in Parana State. These results indicate that sanitary management must be improved in order to control infections by these parasites and increase the productivity.

A ovinocultura, uma atividade econômica muito importante no Estado do Paraná, pode ser afetada por parasitas gastrointestinais. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de parasitas gastrointestinais em ovinos criados na região norte do Paraná. Amostras fecais foram coletadas de 69 animais e processadas por técnicas de flutuação e sedimentação. Encontraram-se parasitas em 63 (91,3%) animais. Os parasitas mais freqüentes foram os ovos de estrongilideos (81,2%), seguidos por Eimeria sp (42%) e Giardia duodenalis (10,1%). Até onde se pôde apurar, este é o primeiro relato de Giardia duodenalis em ovinos criados no Paraná. Esses resultados indicam que o manejo sanitário deve ser aprimorado para controlar infecções por esses parasitas e aumentar a produtividade.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The sheep industry, a very important economic activity in Paraná State, can be affected by gastrointestinal parasites. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in sheep raised in the north region of Paraná State. Fecal samples were collected from 69 animals and processed by flotation and sedimentation techniques. Parasites were observed in 63 (91.3%) animals. The most frequent parasites were strongylid eggs (81.2%), followed by Eimeria sp (42%) and Giardia duodenalis (10.1%). To our knowledge, this is the first report of Giardia duodenalis in sheep raised in Parana State. These results indicate that sanitary management must be improved in order to control infections by these parasites and increase the productivity.(AU)

A ovinocultura, uma atividade econômica muito importante no Estado do Paraná, pode ser afetada por parasitas gastrointestinais. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de parasitas gastrointestinais em ovinos criados na região norte do Paraná. Amostras fecais foram coletadas de 69 animais e processadas por técnicas de flutuação e sedimentação. Encontraram-se parasitas em 63 (91,3%) animais. Os parasitas mais freqüentes foram os ovos de estrongilideos (81,2%), seguidos por Eimeria sp (42%) e Giardia duodenalis (10,1%). Até onde se pôde apurar, este é o primeiro relato de Giardia duodenalis em ovinos criados no Paraná. Esses resultados indicam que o manejo sanitário deve ser aprimorado para controlar infecções por esses parasitas e aumentar a produtividade.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The present study evaluated the frequency of intestinal parasitoses in children in public day care centers applying parasitological and immunological diagnostic methods. Fecal samples from 121 children from six public daycare centers were analyzed using parasitological techniques. Epidemiological data were obtained through a questionnaire, where parents and / or guardians were asked, for instance, whether the children had contact with soil, ate raw food, such as vegetables or raw or undercooked meat, normally walked around barefoot or had contact with animals. Fecal samples from 82 children were also tested for Giardia intestinalis and Cryptosporidium sp. coproantigen using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) which was also used for Entamoeba coproantigen detection only in samples that tested positive for the parasite by parasitological stool exam/optical microscopy. Intestinal parasite infection was noted in 23.1% (28/121) of the children. The most frequent parasite was Giardia intestinalis (13.2%), followed by Entamoeba coli (5.8%), Blastocystis spp. (1.7%), Endolimax nana (1.7%), Enterobius vermicularis (1.7%), Cystoisospora belli (0.8%), Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar complex (0.8%), and Ascaris lumbricoides (0.8%). Positivity for parasite infection using parasitological stool exams was significantly associated with age groups, with a higher frequency in 4 to 6 year old children (p=0.03). No association or significant variations were noted in the prevalence of intestinal parasites in relation to the epidemiological variables studied. All samples were negative for Cryptosporidium sp. and Entamoeba histolytica detected by immunological testing, and 17.1% (14/82) children tested positive for Giardia intestinalis, although using parasitological exam/optical microscopy, only 14.6% (12/82) tested positive. The high incidence of intestinal parasites, especially protozoans, suggests probable interpersonal transmission among the children, environmental contamination, or even contaminated food/water intake. Thus, consolidation of preventive measures and efficient diagnostic resources as well as control of intestinal parasites and patient treatment are of utmost importance

Assuntos

RESUMO

O desconhecimento ou nível insatisfatório de informações sobre as enteroparasitoses e sua prevenção, aliados ao baixo nível socioeconômico, educacional e insuficiência de saneamento básico, têm sido apontados como fatores de risco para a aquisição dessas infecções. Neste estudo foram averiguados os conhecimentos de estudantes do 3º ao 7° ano do Ensino Fundamental e dos funcionários de sete escolas Municipais de Niterói, RJ, Brasil. Foram aplicados questionários, e as respostas foram avaliadas como adequadas, inadequadas, incompletas, não soube responder ou não respondeu. Entre os 335 estudantes, observou-se conhecimento mediano sobre habitat (47,5 %), prevenção (48,4 %) e sintomatologia (45,1 %). Desses, 43,3 % demonstraram conhecimento inadequado sobre transmissão. E 51,6 % dos estudantes fizeram associação de verminoses com vermes, e somente 2,7 % apresentaram conhecimento sobre protozoários. Em 62 funcionários, observou-se conhecimento adequado sobre definição, exemplos, habitat, transmissão, sintomatologia e prevenção. Tais resultados evidenciaram a ocorrência de informações fragmentadas sobre a infecção por enteroparasitos entre os escolares e mais corretas entre os funcionários. Torna-se importante efetuar melhor abordagem do tema, referente aos conteúdos de ciências, e ampliar este arcabouço teórico para interferir na difusão da informação e na formação de cidadãos críticos.

Lack of knowledge or unsatisfactory information about the enteroparasites and preventivemeasures, combined with low socioeconomic, educational and poor sanitation status, havebeen appointed as a risk factor for acquiring these parasites. This study aimed at identifying the knowledge of students of 3rd to 7th grade of elementary school and of employees of seven municipal schools of Niterói, RJ, Brazil. Questionnaires were applied, and the answers were ratedas adequate, inadequate, incomplete, could not answer or did not answer. Among 335 students,the median knowledge on habitat (47.5 %), prevention (48.4 %) and symptoms (45.1 %) were detected. Of these, 43.3 % showed an inadequate knowledge on transmission; 51.6 % associatedthe verminosis with worms, and 2.7 % only had knowledge about protozoa. The adequate knowledge on definition, examples, habitat, transmission, symptoms and prevention were observed among62 employees. Occurrence of fragmented information on the enteroparasites among studentsand the correct knowledge among employees. Thus, it is crucial to perform the better approach, referring to science content, aiming to promote the expansion of this theoretical frameworkfor interfering with the information dissemination and in the development of critical citizens.

Assuntos

RESUMO

O desconhecimento ou nível insatisfatório de informações sobre as enteroparasitoses e sua prevenção, aliados ao baixo nível socioeconômico, educacional e insuficiência de saneamento básico, têm sido apontados como fatores de risco para a aquisição dessas infecções. Neste estudo foram averiguados os conhecimentos de estudantes do 3º ao 7º ano do Ensino Fundamental e dos funcionários de sete escolas Municipais de Niterói, RJ, Brasil. Foram aplicados questionários, e as respostas foram avaliadas como adequadas, inadequadas, incompletas, não soube responder ou não respondeu. Entre os 335 estudantes, observou-se conhecimento mediano sobre habitat (47,5 %), prevenção (48,4 %) e sintomatologia (45,1 %). Desses, 43,3 % demonstraram conhecimento inadequado sobre transmissão. E 51,6 % dos estudantes fizeram associação de verminoses com vermes, e somente 2,7 % apresentaram conhecimento sobre protozoários. Em 62 funcionários, observou-se conhecimento adequado sobre definição, exemplos, habitat, transmissão, sintomatologia e prevenção. Tais resultados evidenciaram a ocorrência de informações fragmentadas sobre a infecção por enteroparasitos entre os escolares e mais corretas entre os funcionários. Torna-se importante efetuar melhor abordagem do tema, referente aos conteúdos de ciências, e ampliar este arcabouço teórico para interferir na difusão da informação e na formação de cidadãos críticos.

Lack of knowledge or unsatisfactory information about the enteroparasites and preventive measures, combined with low socioeconomic, educational and poor sanitation status, have been appointed as a risk factor for acquiring these parasites. This study aimed at identifying the knowledge of students of 3rd to 7th grade of elementary school and of employees of seven municipal schools of Niterói, RJ, Brazil. Questionnaires were applied, and the answers were rated as adequate, inadequate, incomplete, could not answer or did not answer. Among 335 students, the median knowledge on habitat (47.5 %), prevention (48.4 %) and symptoms (45.1 %) were detected. Of these, 43.3 % showed an inadequate knowledge on transmission; 51.6 % associated the verminosis with worms, and 2.7 % only had knowledge about protozoa. The adequate knowledge on definition, examples, habitat, transmission, symptoms and prevention were observed among 62 employees. Occurrence of fragmented information on the enteroparasites among students and the correct knowledge among employees. Thus, it is crucial to perform the better approach, referring to science content, aiming to promote the expansion of this theoretical framework for interfering with the information dissemination and in the development of critical citizens.

Assuntos