RESUMO
Total mercury ([THg]) and selenium ([TSe]) concentrations were determined in California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) lanugo from the Gulf of California in 2021 and 2022. Relationships with sex, morphometrics, and year were evaluated. Following toxicological thresholds of concern for piscivorous mammals, most pups had a [THg] < 10 ppm, one pup (2021) had a [THg] > 20 ppm, no pups had a [THg] > 30 ppm. Females had significantly higher [TSe] than males; sex did not influence [THg]. [THg] and [TSe] in 2022 were significantly higher in the general population and male cohorts compared to 2021. Significant negative correlations were observed between [THg], [TSe], and morphometrics (2021). These results indicate that, compared to other pinniped species, regional California sea lions may have a decreased likelihood of experiencing Hg-related adverse health effects. Year-related changes in element concentrations suggest continued monitoring of this population to assess pinniped, environmental, and potentially, human health.
Assuntos
Mercúrio , Leões-Marinhos , Selênio , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Humanos , Mercúrio/análise , México , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Cabelo/químicaRESUMO
Haemosporidian parasites of birds are found worldwide and include the genera Haemoproteus, Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon. Infection with haemosporidian parasites can affect host physical condition and reproductive success. The aim of this study was to identify the blood parasites and parasitaemia in endemic and non-endemic passerine birds from central Mexico highlands. This study included 157 passerines representing 29 species from 17 families. Overall, 30.6% (48/157) of the birds were infected with blood parasites. Of those, Haemoproteus spp. were found in 14.0% (n = 22), Leucocytozoon spp. 12.1% (n = 19) and microfilariae 0.6% (n = 1). Blood parasites were found in 71.4% (5/7) of endemic bird species and 45.4% (10/22) of non-endemic species. Medium to high parasitaemia (number of parasites/number erythrocytes) was observed in birds with infections of Haemoproteus spp. and Leucocytozoon spp. Co-infections 3.8% (n = 6) were observed in two species of endemic birds. This study contributes to the knowledge of haemoparasites in endemic and non-endemic passerine birds from central Mexico highlands. Additional investigation on the molecular identification of haemosporidian parasites, pathogenicity and health status of these birds is necessary.
RESUMO
Lungs stored ahead of transplant surgery experience ischemia. Pulmonary ischemia differs from ischemia in the systemic organs in that stop of blood flow in the lung leads to loss of shear alone because the lung parenchyma does not rely on blood flow for its cellular oxygen requirements. Our earlier studies on the ischemia-induced mechanosignaling cascade showed that the pulmonary endothelium responds to stop of flow by production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We hypothesized that ROS produced in this way led to induction of proinflammatory mediators. In this study, we used lungs or cells subjected to various periods of storage and evaluated the induction of several proinflammatory mediators. Isolated murine, porcine and human lungs in situ showed increased expression of cellular adhesion molecules; the damage-associated molecular pattern protein high-mobility group box 1 and the corresponding pattern recognition receptor, called the receptor for advanced glycation end products; and induction stabilization and translocation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and its downstream effector VEGFA, all of which are participants in inflammation. We concluded that signaling with lung preservation drives expression of inflammatory mediators that potentially predispose the donor lung to an inflammatory response after transplant.
Assuntos
Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Inflamação/epidemiologia , Isquemia/fisiopatologia , Transplante de Pulmão , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Preservação de Órgãos/métodos , Doadores de Tecidos , Animais , Rejeição de Enxerto/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Incidência , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Camundongos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To determine the prognostic significance of size tumor in the survival of patients with advanced gastric carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study evaluated 95 patients with advanced gastric adenocarcinoma with a diameter smaller than 7 centimeters (Group I) and 85 cases with lesions equal or greater than 7 centimeters (Group II) whom underwent radical gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy D0-D1 (n=148) or D2-D3-D4 (n=32) at Belen Hospital, Trujillo, Peru, between 1966 and 1998. RESULTS: The median age of the Group I and II was of 58.1 12.9 and 58.5 15.3 years, respectively. The patients of the group II had a lower level of seric hemoglobin (p=0.007) and more frequency of lesions Borrmann type II and IV (p= 0.003). Using the log-rank test, there was no statistically significant difference with relation to five-year survival between both groups using the multivariate analysis of Cox regression. There was not statistically significance difference between the size tumoral and the survival but there were independent factors statistically related with the survival: depth of invasion (p=0.017) and lymph nodes compromised (p=0.014). CONCLUSIONS: Clinically the size of the tumor was not a factor to take as parameter in the prediction of the actuarial survival in patients with advanced gastric cancer.