RESUMO
Trauma remains a challenging burden on the often under-funded healthcare systems of developing countries. Ten-year data from the Jamaica Trauma Registry show that trauma accounts for 20% of surgical admissions, with close to 50% being intentional and with a 5% mortality. There is a good opportunity for various preventive programmes to be instituted to reduce the burden of this disease.
RESUMO
The aim of this report was to determine the outcome of all patients subjected to colonoscopy at an outpatient medical facility in central Jamaica. A copy of the colonoscopy report of each consecutive patient during the period March 2007 to April 2011 was entered into a database and analysed. One thousand two hundred and fifty patients were identified with a mean age of 60 years and 56.5% were female. The most common indication for colonoscopy was bleeding (28%) but constipation (15%) and screening (11%) were also important. Caecal intubation was achieved in 96% of the group. While 30% of the group had normal findings, 32% had diverticulosis and 23% had haemorrhoids; importantly 10% had carcinomas and 11 % had adenomas. Adenomas were detected in 13% of the screened patients. The most important predictor ofan abnormal colonoscopy was a history ofbleeding. The perforation rate was 0.24% with no perforations occurring in the latter 650 cases.
El objetivo de este reporte fue determinar la evolución clínica de todos los pacientes sometidos a colonoscopía en una clínica de consulta externa en Jamaica central. Una copia del reporte de la colonoscopía de cada paciente consecutivo durante el periodo de marzo de 2007 a abril de 2011 fue introducida en la base de datos, y luego analizada. Se identificaron un total de mil doscientos cincuenta pacientes con edad promedio de 60 años, de los cuales 56.5% eran hembras. La indicación más común para la colonoscopía fue el sangramiento (28%) pero el estreñimiento (15%) y el tamizaje (11%) fueron también importantes. La intubación cecal se logró en el 96% del grupo. Mientras que el 30% del grupo tuvo resultados normales, el 32% presentó diverticulosis y el 23% tenia hemorroides. Aún más importante: 10% tenían carcinomas y 11% tenían adenomas. Se detectaron adenomas en 13% de los pacientes tamizados. El predictor más importante de una colonoscopía anormal fue una historia de sangramiento. La tasa de perforación fue 0.24% sin que se presentaran perforaciones en los últimos 650 casos.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Adenoma/diagnóstico , Carcinoma/diagnóstico , Colonoscopia , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiologia , Adenoma/complicações , Carcinoma/complicações , Neoplasias Colorretais/complicações , Constipação Intestinal/etiologia , Divertículo/complicações , Divertículo/diagnóstico , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Hemorroidas/complicações , Hemorroidas/diagnóstico , Jamaica , RetoRESUMO
The aim of this report was to determine the outcome of all patients subjected to colonoscopy at an outpatient medical facility in central Jamaica. A copy of the colonoscopy report of each consecutive patient during the period March 2007 to April 2011 was entered into a database and analysed. One thousand two hundred and fifty patients were identified with a mean age of 60 years and 56.5% were female. The most common indication for colonoscopy was bleeding (28%) but constipation (15%) and screening (11%) were also important. Caecal intubation was achieved in 96% of the group. While 30% of the group had normal findings, 32% had diverticulosis and 23% had haemorrhoids; importantly 10% had carcinomas and 11% had adenomas. Adenomas were detected in 13% of the screened patients. The most important predictor of an abnormal colonoscopy was a history of bleeding. The perforation rate was 0.24% with no perforations occurring in the latter 650 cases.
Assuntos
Adenoma/diagnóstico , Carcinoma/diagnóstico , Colonoscopia , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiologia , Adenoma/complicações , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma/complicações , Criança , Neoplasias Colorretais/complicações , Constipação Intestinal/etiologia , Divertículo/complicações , Divertículo/diagnóstico , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Feminino , Hemorroidas/complicações , Hemorroidas/diagnóstico , Humanos , Jamaica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reto , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Trauma is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries and we reviewed the demographics and cost of trauma in a Jamaican population. This is a retrospective, descriptive analytical study of all trauma patients aged 25 to 29-years who presented to the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI) during the study period, January 2001 to December 2005. Data were extracted from the Trauma Registry and analysed. Seven hundred and fifteen patients were included in the specified age group over the five-year period. The median age of the patients was 27 years and the median hospital stay was 3 days. There was a 4:1 ratio of males to females and 49.7% of injuries were caused by penetrating wounds. Motor vehicle accidents occurred in 22.4% of cases. Head injuries occurred in 13.6% of cases, long bone fractures in 16.5% and internal injury to chest or abdominal organs in 15.9% of cases. Craniotomy or thoracotomy was undertaken in 4% of cases, Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF) or bone immobilization in 11% and laparotomy in 8% of cases. The mean injury severity scores (ISS) was 4 while 5% of patients had ISS greater than 15. More than 60% of patients underwent diagnostic X-rays, 8% had abdominal imaging (CT scan or ultrasound) and 9.5% underwent head CT scan. The in-hospital mortality was 4.2%. The median hospital bill charged was US$320.00 and the median amount paid by the patients was US$50.00. At the start of the new millennium, penetrating trauma accounted for almost 50% of cases at UHWI with the majority of costs associated with trauma-care being state funded.
Assuntos
Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologia , Adulto , Feminino , Preços Hospitalares , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Escala de Gravidade do Ferimento , Jamaica/epidemiologia , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Sistema de Registros , Ferimentos e Lesões/diagnóstico , Ferimentos e Lesões/terapiaRESUMO
Trauma is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries and we reviewed the demographics and cost of trauma in a Jamaican population. This is a retrospective, descriptive analytical study of all trauma patients aged 25 to 29years who presented to the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI) during the study period, January 2001 to December 2005. Data were extracted from the Trauma Registry and analysed. Seven hundred and fifteen patients were included in the specified age group over the fiveyear period. The median age of the patients was 27 years and the median hospital stay was 3 days. There was a 4:1 ratio of males to females and 49.7% of injuries were caused by penetrating wounds. Motor vehicle accidents occurred in 22.4% of cases. Head injuries occurred in 13.6% of cases, long bone fractures in 16.5% and internal injury to chest or abdominal organs in 15.9% of cases. Craniotomy or thoracotomy was undertaken in 4% of cases, Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF) or bone immobilization in 11% and laparotomy in 8% of cases. The mean injury severity scores (ISS) was 4 while 5% of patients had ISS greater than 15. More than 60% of patients underwent diagnostic Xrays, 8% had abdominal imaging (CT scan or ultrasound) and 9.5% underwent head CT scan. The inhospital mortality was 4.2%. The median hospital bill charged was US$320.00 and the median amount paid by the patients was US$50.00. At the start of the new millennium, penetrating trauma accounted for almost 50% of cases at UHWI with the majority of costs associated with traumacare being state funded.
El trauma es una de las causas principales de morbosidad y mortalidad en los países en vías dedesarrollo. Aquí examinamos la demografía y el costo de los traumas en una población jamaicana. Éste es un estudio retrospectivo, analíticodescriptivo de todos los pacientes traumados de 25 a 29 años de edad que acudieron al Hospital Universitario de West Indies (UHWI) durante el periodo del estudio, a saber, de enero del 2001 a diciembre del 2005. Se extrajeron y analizaron los datos del Registro de Traumas. Setecientos quince pacientes fueron incluidos en el grupo etario especificado en el período de cinco años. La edad mediana de los pacientes fue de 27 años y la mediana de la estadía hospitalaria fue de 3 días. Hubo una proporción 4:1 de varones a hembras, y el 49.7% de lesiones fueron causadas por heridas penetrantes. Los accidentes automovilísticos ocuparon el 22.4% de casos. Las lesiones de cabeza ocurrieron en el 13.6% de casos; las fracturas de huesos largos en el 16.5%; las lesiones interiores del pecho y los órganos abdominales en el 15.9% de los casos. Se requirió craniotomía o toracotomía en el 4% de casos, reducción abierta y fijación interna (ORIF) o la inmovilización de huesos en el 11% de los casos, y laparotomía en el 8% de los casos. El promedio de la puntuación de la severidad de la lesión o puntuación ISS fue 4, mientras que el 5% de pacientes tuvo un ISS mayor de 15. Más del 60% de los pacientes recibieron examen diagnóstico mediante rayos x; el 8% recibió examen abdominal mediante imágenes (TC scan o ultrasonido) y al 9.5% se le practicó un TAC de la cabeza. La mortalidad intrahospitalaria fue de 4.2%. La mediana de la cuenta a pagar por gastos hospitalarios fue $320.00 USD y la mediana de la cantidad pagada por los pacientes fue $50.00 USD. En el comienzo del nuevo milenio, el trauma penetrante representaba casi el 50% de los casos atendidos en HUWI, con respecto a lo cual cabe señalar que la mayor parte de los costos asociados con la atención a traumas, están subvencionados por el Estado.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologia , Preços Hospitalares , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Hospitais Universitários , Escala de Gravidade do Ferimento , Jamaica/epidemiologia , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Sistema de Registros , Ferimentos e Lesões/diagnóstico , Ferimentos e Lesões/terapiaRESUMO
This cross-sectional, descriptive study identified 857 head-injured patients who were admitted to the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI) over a four-year period. Their median age (IQR) was 28 (16, 45) years and 629 (73.5%) were males. Median length of hospital stay (IQR) was 2 (1, 6) days. Median ICU stay in the intensive care unit (IQR) was 6 (2, 12) days for the 59 (6.9%) patients admitted there. Most patients (73.3%) were admitted with unintentional injuries resulting from road traffic accidents (48.9%), of which passengers were the most commonly affected, and from falls which occurred in 24.4%. Intentional injuries accounted for 26.7% of those admitted, consisting mainly of assaults with blunt objects in 18.0% (154/857). Penetrating injuries were less common, accounting for 67 (7.8%) injuries. Among these, there were 23 gunshot wounds of the head (2.7%). Head injury in admitted patients is mainly due to road traffic accidents, falls and interpersonal violence. Prevention and interventional strategies including education, law enforcement, physical and social engineering must focus on these aetiologies. Current measures are clearly insufficient and more effective strategies are urgently warranted.
Assuntos
Lesões Encefálicas/etiologia , Acidentes de Trânsito , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Lesões Encefálicas/epidemiologia , Lesões Encefálicas/prevenção & controle , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/epidemiologia , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/mortalidade , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Jamaica/epidemiologia , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Saúde Pública , Medição de Risco , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
A cross-sectional, descriptive study utilizing data collected in the 'Trauma Registry' of the Department of Surgery, Radiology, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care at the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI) was undertaken to document injury severity, surgical requirements and intensive care needs of head-injured patients transferred to the UHWI over a three-year period Of 144 patients studied, the majority (71%) were young males. Overall, injury tended to be mild Twenty-three patients (16.0%) had severe head injury and 27 patients (18.8%) were admitted to the intensive care unit. Concussion with (33%) or without (36%) skull fracture was the commonest neurological admission diagnosis. Associated non-neurological injuries in 33% were primarily fractures. Fifty-six patients (39%) required surgical intervention. Craniotomies and open reduction and internal fixation of fractures were the commonest procedures. The majority of patients (79.2%) were discharged home; 56 (39%) made a good Glasgow outcome score recovery. Seventeen patients (11.8%) died in hospital. As most of the transferred patients with head injuries in this study had only mild injury, most commonly concussions, and their prognosis was good, we recommend that appropriate educational and training programmes and transfer policies be implemented to minimize inappropriate transfers.
Assuntos
Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/cirurgia , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais Universitários/estatística & dados numéricos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Transferência de Pacientes , Centro Cirúrgico Hospitalar , Ferimentos e Lesões/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Humanos , Lactente , Jamaica/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Sistema de Registros , Índias Ocidentais/epidemiologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologiaRESUMO
This cross-sectional, descriptive study identified 857 head-injured patients who were admitted to the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI) over a four-year period. Their median age (IQR) was 28 (16, 45) years and 629 (73.5%) were males. Median length of hospital stay (IQR) was 2 (1, 6) days. Median ICU stay in the intensive care unit (IQR) was 6 (2, 12) days for the 59 (6.9%) patients admitted there. Most patients (73.3%) were admitted with unintentional injuries resulting from road traffic accidents (48.9%), of which passengers were the most commonly affected, and from falls which occurred in 24.4%. Intentional injuries accounted for 26.7% of those admitted, consisting mainly of assaults with blunt objects in 18.0% (154/857). Penetrating injuries were less common, accounting for 67 (7.8%) injuries. Among these, there were 23 gunshot wounds of the head (2.7%). Head injury in admitted patients is mainly due to road traffic accidents, falls and interpersonal violence. Prevention and interventional strategies including education, law enforcement, physical and social engineering must focus on these aetiologies. Current measures are clearly insufficient and more effective strategies are urgently warranted.
Este estudio transversal descriptivo identificó 857 pacientes con lesiones cefálicas, ingresados en el Hospital Universitario de West Indies (UHWI) por un periodo de cuatro años. Su edad mediana (IQR) fue 28 (16, 45) años y 629 (73.5%) eran varones. La longitud mediana de estancia hospitalaria (IQR) fue de 2 (1, 6) días. La estancia mediana en la unidad de cuidados intensivos fue de (IQR) 6 (2, 12) días para los 59 (6.9%) pacientes ingresados allí. La mayoría de los pacientes (73.3%) fueron ingresados con lesiones involuntarias a consecuencia de accidentes de tráfico (48.9%) de los cuales los pasajeros fueron comúnmente los más afectados y de caídas ocurridas en 24.4%. Las lesiones intencionales constituyeron el 26.7% de los casos ingresados, siendo el 18.0% (154/857) producidas principalmente por ataques con objetos contundentes. Las lesiones penetrantes fueron menos comunes, representadas por 67 (7.8%) de las lesiones. De estas, 23 fueron heridas de bala en la cabeza (2.7%). Las lesiones en la cabeza en los pacientes ingresados se debieron principalmente a accidentes de tráfico, caídas y violencia interpersonal. Las estrategias de prevención e intervención incluyendo la educación, la imposición del cumplimiento de la ley, la ingeniería física y social deben centrar su atención en estas etiologías. Las medidas actuales son a las claras insuficientes y se requiere con urgencia estrategias más efectivas
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/etiologia , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais , Acidentes de Trânsito , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco , Jamaica/epidemiologia , Medição de Risco , Saúde Pública , Tempo de Internação , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/epidemiologia , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/prevenção & controle , Unidades de Terapia IntensivaRESUMO
A cross-sectional, descriptive study utilizing data collected in the 'Trauma Registry' of the Department of Surgery, Radiology, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care at the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI) was undertaken to document injury severity, surgical requirements and intensive care needs of head-injured patients transferred to the UHWI over a three-year period Of 144 patients studied, the majority (71%) were young males. Overall, injury tended to be mild Twenty-three patients (16.0%) had severe head injury and 27 patients (18.8%) were admitted to the intensive care unit. Concussion with (33%) or without (36%) skull fracture was the commonest neurological admission diagnosis. Associated non-neurological injuries in 33% were primarily fractures. Fifty-six patients (39%) required surgical intervention. Craniotomies and open reduction and internal fixation of fractures were the commonest procedures. The majority of patients (79.2%) were discharged home; 56 (39%) made a good Glasgow outcome score recovery. Seventeen patients (11.8%) died in hospital. As most of the transferred patients with head injuries in this study had only mild injury, most commonly concussions, and their prognosis was good, we recommend that appropriate educational and training programmes and transfer policies be implemented to minimize inappropriate transfers
Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal descriptivo utilizando datos tomados del "Registro de traumas" del Departamento de Cirugía, Radiología, Anestesia y Cuidados Intensivos en el Hospital Universitario de West Indies (HUWI), a fin de documentar la severidad de la lesión, los requerimientos quirúrgicos y las necesidades de cuidado intensivo de pacientes con lesiones cefálicas transferidos al HUWI durante un período de más de tres años. De 144 pacientes estudiados, la mayor parte (71%) eran varones jóvenes. En general, las lesiones tendían a ser leves. Veintitrés pacientes (16.0%) tuvieron lesiones cefálicas severas, y 27 pacientes (18.8%) fueron ingresados a la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Concusión con fractura del cráneo (33%) o sin fractura del cráneo (36%) fue el diagnóstico neurológico más común para el ingreso. Las lesiones no neurológicas asociadas en 33% fueron principalmente fracturas. Cincuenta y seis pacientes (39%) necesitaron intervención quirúrgica. Las craniotomías así como la reducción abierta y la fijación interna de fracturas, fueron los procedimientos más comunes. La mayoría de los pacientes (79.2%) fueron dados de alta; 56 (39%) tuvo una buena recuperación según la puntuación de la escala de Glasgow para la evolución clínica. Diecisiete pacientes (11.8%) murieron en el hospital. Como que la mayor parte de los pacientes transferidos con lesiones de cabeza en este estudio tuvieron solo lesiones leves por lo general concusiones y puesto que su prognosis era buena, recomendamos que se implementen programas adecuados de educación y entrenamiento, así como políticas de transferencia apropiadas, a fin de minimizar las transferencias inadecuadas
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais , Centro Cirúrgico Hospitalar , Ferimentos e Lesões/cirurgia , Hospitais Universitários/estatística & dados numéricos , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Transferência de Pacientes , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais , Estudos Transversais , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologia , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Jamaica/epidemiologia , Prognóstico , Sistema de Registros , Índias Ocidentais/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Head-injured patients are often transferred to the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI) for tertiary care. There is no standardized, agreed protocol governing their transfer. During the three-year period January 1998 to December 2000, 144 head injured patients were transferred to the UHWI from other institutions. They were 70% male, had a mean age of 34 years and spent a mean of 13 days in hospital. Eighteen per cent were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit, where they spent a mean of nine days. On arrival, mean pulse rate was 92 +/- 22 beats/minute, mean systolic blood pressure was 130 +/- 27 mmHg and mean diastolic was 76 +/- 19mmHg. Twenty-eight per cent of patients had a pulse rate above 100/min on arrival and 13.8% had systolic blood pressure below 60 mmHg. The Glasgow Coma Scale score was unrecorded at the referring institution in 70% of cases and by the receiving officers at the UHWI in 23% of cases. Intubation was done on only half of those who were eligible. Junior staff members initiated and carried out transfers whenever this was documented. The types of vehicles and monitoring equipment used could not be determined in most instances. Fifty-eight per cent of patients had minor head injuries, 12%, severe injury and 33%, associated injuries requiring a variety of surgical procedures by multiple specialties. Most patients (80.6%) were discharged home but 11.8% died in hospital. Transfer of head-injured patients, many with multiple injuries is not being performed in a manner consistent with modern medical practice. There is urgent need for implementation of a standardized protocol for the transfer of such patients in Jamaica.