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Background: Microsurgical treatment of paraclinoid aneurysms is a complex task that generally requires anterior clinoid process (ACP) removal to obtain adequate surgical exposure. This procedure poses a considerable technical difficulty due to the association of the ACP to critical neurovascular structures. Furthermore, anatomical variations in the parasellar region, such as the caroticoclinoid foramen (CCF) or an interclinoid bridge (ICB), may impose additional challenges and increase surgical complications. The present study aims to briefly review some anatomic variations in the parasellar region and describe a step-by-step surgical technique for a hybrid anterior clinoidectomy based on the senior author's experience. Methods: We present two cases with bone variations on the parasellar region in patients with a paraclinoid aneurysm and another with a posterior communicating segment aneurysm treated by microsurgical clipping at our hospital. Results: We focused on safely dealing with these variations during surgery, without further complications, and with good postoperative results. Patients were discharged with no significant deficit. Postoperative control, computed tomography angiography showed complete exclusion of aneurysms. Conclusion: Although anatomical variations in the parasellar region can complicate surgical clipping of these aneurysms, it is essential to ensure the best possible surgical outcome to conduct thorough preoperative and radiological evaluations.
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Steatosis is characterized by fat accumulation and insulin resistance (IR) in hepatocytes, which triggers a pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory environment that may eventually lead to cirrhosis or liver carcinoma. This work was aimed to assess the effect of Sechium edule root hydroalcoholic extract (rSe-HA) (rich in cinnamic and coumaric acid, among other phenolic compounds) on triglyceride esterification, lipid degradation, AMPK expression, and the phosphorylation of insulin receptor in a Ser312 residue, as well as on the redox status, malondialdehyde (MDA) production, and the production of proinflammatory cytokines in an in vitro model of steatosis induced by oleic acid, to help develop a phytomedicine that could reverse this pathology. rSe-HA reduced triglyceride levels in hepatocyte lysates, increased lipolysis by activating AMPK at Thr172, and improved the redox status, as evidenced by the concentration of glycerol and formazan, respectively. It also prevented insulin resistance (IR), as measured by glucose consumption and the phosphorylation of the insulin receptor at Ser312. It also prevented TNFα and IL6 production and decreased the levels of MDA and nitric oxide (ON). Our results indicate that rSe-HA reversed steatosis and controlled the proinflammatory and prooxidant environment in oleic acid-induced dysfunctional HepG2 hepatocytes, supporting its potential use to control this disorder.
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BACKGROUND: The impact of cirrhosis and portal hypertension on perioperative outcomes of minimally invasive left lateral sectionectomies remains unclear. We aimed to compare the perioperative outcomes between patients with preserved and compromised liver function (noncirrhotics versus Child-Pugh A) when undergoing minimally invasive left lateral sectionectomies. In addition, we aimed to determine if the extent of cirrhosis (Child-Pugh A versus B) and the presence of portal hypertension had a significant impact on perioperative outcomes. METHODS: This was an international multicenter retrospective analysis of 1,526 patients who underwent minimally invasive left lateral sectionectomies for primary liver malignancies at 60 centers worldwide between 2004 and 2021. In the study, 1,370 patients met the inclusion criteria and formed the final study group. Baseline clinicopathological characteristics and perioperative outcomes of these patients were compared. To minimize confounding factors, 1:1 propensity score matching and coarsened exact matching were performed. RESULTS: The study group comprised 559, 753, and 58 patients who did not have cirrhosis, Child-Pugh A, and Child-Pugh B cirrhosis, respectively. Six-hundred and thirty patients with cirrhosis had portal hypertension, and 170 did not. After propensity score matching and coarsened exact matching, Child-Pugh A patients with cirrhosis undergoing minimally invasive left lateral sectionectomies had longer operative time, higher intraoperative blood loss, higher transfusion rate, and longer hospital stay than patients without cirrhosis. The extent of cirrhosis did not significantly impact perioperative outcomes except for a longer duration of hospital stay. CONCLUSION: Liver cirrhosis adversely affected the intraoperative technical difficulty and perioperative outcomes of minimally invasive left lateral sectionectomies.
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Hipertensão Portal , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Cirrose Hepática/complicações , Cirrose Hepática/cirurgia , Hipertensão Portal/complicações , Hipertensão Portal/cirurgia , Tempo de Internação , Neoplasias Hepáticas/complicações , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirurgia , HepatectomiaRESUMO
Within the broad range of therapeutic options for managing functional gastrointestinal disorders, recently redefined as Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction (DGBI) by the Rome Foundation in the Rome IV criteria, certain medications with antidepressant, anxiolytic, or antipsychotic effects are commonly employed. These drugs, now referred to as neuromodulators by the Rome Foundation, target the neurogastroenterological dysfunction associated with these disorders. Consequently, their clinical utility as psychiatric medications can now be leveraged to benefit patients with DGBI. This narrative review aims to provide an updated and specific overview of the indications for neuromodulators in the primary DGBI. The first section of this review focuses on the rationale and justification for their use.
En el amplio espectro de las opciones terapéuticas para el manejo de los trastornos funcionales digestivos, que se han redefinido por la Fundación Roma en los criterios Roma IV como trastornos de la interacción cerebro-intestino (TICI), algunos medicamentos con efectos antidepresivos, ansiolíticos o antipsicóticos se utilizan con mayor frecuencia. Estos medicamentos, que actúan en la disfunción neurogastroenterológica de estos trastornos, también han sido renombrados por la Fundación Roma como neuromoduladores, para que ahora puedan aprovecharse sus beneficios terapéuticos en este ámbito clínico, debido a su utilización como medicamentos psiquiátricos. Esta revisión narrativa tiene por objeto actualizar y precisar las indicaciones de los neuromoduladores en los principales TICI, y en esta primera sección se aborda la racionalidad y justificación para su utilización.
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Abstract In recent months, rare cases of thrombosis at unusual sites associated with thrombocytopenia, occurring within a typical risk window (i.e., 4-28 days) after receiving SARS CoV2 vaccines, have been reported. Healthcare professionals should be prepared to detect these cases on time. The Expert Panel of the Knowledge Management and Transfer Network conducted a free search of the related literature. With the available information and the clinical expertise of the working group, we formulated, reviewed, and endorsed recommendations for the timely suspicion, diagnosis (case definitions, the use of initial laboratory and imaging tests, specific tests), and management of these thrombotic conditions. This document is considered a living document that will be updated as new evidence emerges, and recommendations may change over time.
Resumen En meses recientes se han reportado casos raros de trombocitopenia y trombosis en sitios inusuales, que ocurren dentro de una ventana de riesgo típica ( por ejemplo de 4 a 28 días) luego de recibir vacunas de SARS CoV 2. Los profesionales de la salud deben estar preparados para detectar estos casos a tiempo. Un panel de expertos y una red de transferencia de conocimiento realizó una búsqueda libre de literatura seleccionada. Con la información disponible y la experticia clínica del grupo de trabajo revisamos y dimos recomendaciones para la sospecha temprana, el diagnostico (definición de caso, el uso de pruebas de laboratorio especificas y de imágenes diagnósticas) para le manejo de estas condiciones tromboticas. Este documento es considerado un documento vivo que debe ser actualizado a medida que surja nueva evidencia y las recomendaciones vayan cambiando con el tiempo
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Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is a key factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Due to its chronic, life-threatening nature, ED only can be studied experimentally in animal models. Therefore, this work was aimed to characterize a murine model of ED induced by a daily intraperitoneal administration of angiotensin II (AGII) for 10 weeks. Oxidative stress, inflammation, vascular remodeling, hypertension, and damage to various target organs were evaluated in treated animals. The results indicated that a chronic intraperitoneal administration of AGII increases the production of systemic soluble VCAM, ROS and ICAM-1 expression, and the production of TNFα, IL1ß, IL17A, IL4, TGFß, and IL10 in the kidney, as well as blood pressure levels; it also promotes vascular remodeling and induces non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, glomerulosclerosis, and proliferative retinopathy. Therefore, the model herein proposed can be a representative model for ED; additionally, it is easy to implement, safe, rapid, and inexpensive.
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Angiotensina II/administração & dosagem , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Doenças Vasculares/metabolismo , Angiotensina II/toxicidade , Animais , Endotélio Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Endotélio Vascular/patologia , Infusões Parenterais , Molécula 1 de Adesão Intercelular/metabolismo , Interleucinas/metabolismo , Rim/metabolismo , Rim/patologia , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Estresse Oxidativo , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Molécula 1 de Adesão de Célula Vascular/metabolismo , Doenças Vasculares/etiologia , Doenças Vasculares/patologia , Remodelação VascularRESUMO
Abstract Background: hip fracture is the major cause of morbidity and mortality. Geriatric fracture programs promise to improve the quality of care, health outcomes and reduce costs. Objective: To describe the results related to the Geriatric fracture programs implementation in two Colombian institutions to assess reproducibility. Methods: We performed A retrospective descriptive study of the patients treated under the Geriatric fracture programs in two institutions in Colombia. The information was collected from the initial year of implementation until 2018. Demographic characteristics, length of stay, hospitalization complications, readmissions and mortality were described. Consumption of healthcare resources was defined using base cases determined with local experts and costs were estimated using standard methods. Results: 475 patients were included in the Geriatric fracture programs. We observed an increase in the number of patients. The length of stay decreased between 8.5% and 26.1% as did the proportion of total complications, with delirium having the greatest reduction. A similar situation was seen for first year mortality (from 10.9% to 4.7%), in-hospital deaths and readmissions. Estimates of costs of stay and complications showed reductions in all scenarios, varying between 22% and 68.3%. Conclusions: The present study presents the experience of two institutions that implemented the Geriatric fracture programs with increase in the number of patients treated and reductions in the time of hospital stay, the proportion of complications, readmissions, mortality and estimated costs. These are similar between both institutions and with other published implementations. This could hint that geriatric fracture program may be implemented with reproducible results.
Resumen Antecedentes: las fracturas de cadera son una causa importante de morbilidad y mortalidad. Los programas de fracturas geriátricas prometen mejorar la calidad de la atención, los desenlaces clínicos y reducir costos, Objetivos: Describir los resultados relacionados con la implementación de un programa de fracturas geriátricas en dos instituciones en Colombia para evaluar la reproducibilidad Métodos: Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo descriptivo de los pacientes atendidos en el programa de fracturas geriátricas en dos instituciones en Colombia. Se obtuvo información desde el año de implementación hasta 2018. Se describió información demográfica, de estancia hospitalaria, de complicaciones, de rehospitalizaciones y de mortalidad. Se determinó un caso base de consumo de recursos con expertos y se costeó usando métodos estandarizados. Resultados: Se incluyeron 475 pacientes. Se observó un aumento en la cantidad de pacientes. La duración de estancia disminuyó entre 8.5% y 26.1%, así como la frecuencia de complicaciones. Se encontraron reducciones en mortalidad en el primer año (entre 10.9% y 4.7%), muertes hospitalarias y rehospitalizaciones. Los costos estimados mostraron reducciones entre 22% y 68.3%. Conclusiones: El presente estudio muestra la experiencia de implementación de programa de fracturas geriátricas en dos instituciones en Colombia, mostrando aumento en cantidades de pacientes y reducciones en estancia hospitalaria, frecuencia de complicaciones, rehospitalizaciones, mortalidad y costos estimados. Los resultados fueron similares en las dos instituciones y comparables con otros descritos en literatura. Esto sugiero que los programas de fracturas geriátricas se pueden implementar con resultados reproducibles.
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Background: hip fracture is the major cause of morbidity and mortality. Geriatric fracture programs promise to improve the quality of care, health outcomes and reduce costs. Objective: To describe the results related to the Geriatric fracture programs implementation in two Colombian institutions to assess reproducibility. Methods: We performed A retrospective descriptive study of the patients treated under the Geriatric fracture programs in two institutions in Colombia. The information was collected from the initial year of implementation until 2018. Demographic characteristics, length of stay, hospitalization complications, readmissions and mortality were described. Consumption of healthcare resources was defined using base cases determined with local experts and costs were estimated using standard methods. Results: 475 patients were included in the Geriatric fracture programs. We observed an increase in the number of patients. The length of stay decreased between 8.5% and 26.1% as did the proportion of total complications, with delirium having the greatest reduction. A similar situation was seen for first year mortality (from 10.9% to 4.7%), in-hospital deaths and readmissions. Estimates of costs of stay and complications showed reductions in all scenarios, varying between 22% and 68.3%. Conclusions: The present study presents the experience of two institutions that implemented the Geriatric fracture programs with increase in the number of patients treated and reductions in the time of hospital stay, the proportion of complications, readmissions, mortality and estimated costs. These are similar between both institutions and with other published implementations. This could hint that geriatric fracture program may be implemented with reproducible results.
Antecedentes: las fracturas de cadera son una causa importante de morbilidad y mortalidad. Los programas de fracturas geriátricas prometen mejorar la calidad de la atención, los desenlaces clínicos y reducir costos. Objetivos: Describir los resultados relacionados con la implementación de un programa de fracturas geriátricas en dos instituciones en Colombia para evaluar la reproducibilidad. Métodos: Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo descriptivo de los pacientes atendidos en el programa de fracturas geriátricas en dos instituciones en Colombia. Se obtuvo información desde el año de implementación hasta 2018. Se describió información demográfica, de estancia hospitalaria, de complicaciones, de rehospitalizaciones y de mortalidad. Se determinó un caso base de consumo de recursos con expertos y se costeó usando métodos estandarizados. Resultados: Se incluyeron 475 pacientes. Se observó un aumento en la cantidad de pacientes. La duración de estancia disminuyó entre 8.5% y 26.1%, así como la frecuencia de complicaciones. Se encontraron reducciones en mortalidad en el primer año (entre 10.9% y 4.7%), muertes hospitalarias y rehospitalizaciones. Los costos estimados mostraron reducciones entre 22% y 68.3%. Conclusiones: El presente estudio muestra la experiencia de implementación de programa de fracturas geriátricas en dos instituciones en Colombia, mostrando aumento en cantidades de pacientes y reducciones en estancia hospitalaria, frecuencia de complicaciones, rehospitalizaciones, mortalidad y costos estimados. Los resultados fueron similares en las dos instituciones y comparables con otros descritos en literatura. Esto sugiero que los programas de fracturas geriátricas se pueden implementar con resultados reproducibles.
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Fraturas do Quadril , Idoso , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Fraturas do Quadril/terapia , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Resumen Objetivo: desde 2015, la Asociación Colombiana de Gastroenterología, con el apoyo del Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, realizó la guía de práctica clínica para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de colitis ulcerativa. Desde la publicación de esta guía, han aparecido nuevas alternativas terapéuticas y nuevos conceptos sobre los objetivos del tratamiento, por lo cual se consideró necesaria su actualización. Materiales y métodos: esta actualización fue realizada por un equipo multi-disciplinario con apoyo de la Asociación Colombiana de Gastroenterología y el Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Se desarrollaron preguntas relevantes a nuevos tratamientos y vigilancia endoscópica de los pacientes adultos con colitis ulcerativa y se realizó la búsqueda de guías nacionales e internacionales en bases de datos especializadas. Las guías fueron evaluadas en términos de calidad y aplicabilidad. El Grupo Cochrane llevó a cabo la búsqueda sistemática de la literatura. Las tablas de evidencia y recomendaciones fueron realizadas usando la metodología GRADE. Resultados: se realizó una actualización de la guía para el tratamiento de la colitis ulcerativa en adultos en Colombia y se diseñaron nuevos algoritmos de tratamiento, teniendo en cuenta la extensión y la actividad de la enfermedad y los diferentes niveles de atención. Conclusiones: se estableció la importancia para el tratamiento de la evaluación clínica y endoscópica y se especificaron las indicaciones para el adecuado tratamiento de los pacientes con colitis ulcerativa. Adicionalmente, se dieron recomendaciones de vigilancia endoscópica de cáncer colorrectal y la importancia de la cromoendoscopia.
Abstract Objective: In 2015, the Asociación Colombiana de Gastroenterología (Colombian Association of Gastroenterology), with the support of the Institute of Clinical Research of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, created the Clinical Practice Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of ulcerative colitis. Since then, new therapeutic alternatives and concepts about treatment goals have emerged, making it necessary to update its contents. Materials and methods: The present update was carried out by a multidisciplinary team with support from the Asociación Colombiana de Gastroenterología and the Clinical Research Institute of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Questions regarding new treatments and endoscopic surveillance of adult patients with ulcerative colitis were developed, and national and international guidelines were searched in specialized databases. The guidelines were evaluated in terms of quality and applicability. The Cochrane Group conducted a systematic search of the existing literature, and evidence tables and recommendations were made using the GRADE methodology. Results: The guideline for the treatment of ulcerative colitis in adults in Colombia was updated, and new treatment algorithms were designed, taking into account the extent and activity of the disease and the different levels of care. Conclusions: The relevance of clinical and endoscopic assessment for treatment was established, and the indications for the proper management of patients with ulcerative colitis were specified. Furthermore, recommendations were made for endoscopic surveillance of colorectal cancer, and the importance of chromoendoscopy was established.
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Humanos , Terapêutica , Neoplasias Colorretais , Colite Ulcerativa , Diagnóstico , Pacientes , LiteraturaRESUMO
Resumen Introducción: la pancreatitis aguda es una entidad de alta incidencia e impacto a nivel mundial. Presenta múltiples causas dentro de las cuales las más frecuentes son la obstrucción de la vía biliar, el consumo de alcohol y, en tercer orden, la hipertrigliceridemia. Esta última se entiende como aquellos niveles séricos de triglicéridos >1000 mg/dL. Dicho escenario representa entre el 1 y el 7 % del total de los casos. Metodología: presentamos un caso de pancreatitis aguda secundaria a hipertrigliceridemia severa, manejada con plasmaféresis. Se realiza una revisión de la literatura sobre las condiciones, indicaciones y ventajas de esta estrategia terapéutica. Conclusiones: en casos escogidos, la plasmaféresis es una estrategia de manejo segura y efectiva en el tratamiento de pacientes con pancreatitis aguda secundaria a hipertrigliceridemia severa.
Abstract Introduction: Globally, acute pancreatitis has a high incidence and a large. Among its numerous causes, the most frequent are obstructions of the bile duct, alcohol consumption and hypertriglyceridemia (triglyceride serum levels higher than 1000 mg/dL). Hypertriglyceridemia accounts for 1% to 7% of the total cases. Methodology: We present a case of acute pancreatitis secondary to severe hypertriglyceridemia which was managed with plasmapheresis. We include a review of the literature on the conditions, indications and advantages of this therapeutic strategy. Conclusions: In selected cases, plasmapheresis is a safe and effective management strategy for patients with acute pancreatitis secondary to severe hypertriglyceridemia.