RESUMO
El cáncer broncogénico tiene una base genética, que se expresa por factores externos relacionados a la exposición medioambiental y laboral, en los últimos años ha cambiado el perfil epidemiológico con incidencia creciente en mujeres sin hábito tabáquico en rangos de 50-70 años. Paciente femenino de 50 años con el antecedente de exposición a humo de leña y uso de pesticidas, con síndrome de atelectasia pulmonar masiva izquierda. Se realizó estudios fibrobroncoscopicos con toma de biopsia de masa tumoral endobronquial izquierda y se realizó la primera criobiopsia por fibrobroncoscopía en Bolivia, posteriormente paciente fue sometida a neumonectomia izquierda con estudio histopatológico concluyente de carcinoma indiferenciado de células pequeñas con primario pulmonar. Existe una fuerte asociación entre la exposición medio-ambiental y laboral y el cáncer broncogénico en pacientes no fumadores, incluso en variantes histopatológicas infrecuentes en este subgrupo como el cáncer de células pequeñas o microcítico.
Bronchogenic cancer has a genetic basis, which is expressed by external factors related to environmental and occupational exposure. In recent years, the epidemiological profile has changed with increasing incidence in women without tobacco habit in ranges of 50-70 years. A 50-year-old female patient with a history of exposure to wood smoke and pesticide use, with massive left lung atelectasis syndrome. Fibrobronchoscopy studies were performed with a biopsy of the left endobronchial tumor mass and the first cryobiopsy was performed by fibrobronchoscopy in Bolivia, later the patient underwent left pneumonectomy with a conclusive histopathological study of undifferentiated small cell carcinoma with a pulmonary primary. There is a strong association between environmental and occupational exposure and bronchogenic cancer in non-smokers, even in infrequent histopathological variants in this subgroup such as small cell or microcytic cancer.
RESUMO
A total of 695 Holstein Friesian lactating dairy cows were examined for the prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCM) and its association with selected risk factors in a private dairy farm at Fayoum district, Egypt. 444 lactating cows with 1145 quarters were found positive for SCM with prevalence of 63.88% and 41.18% at cow and quarter level respectively based on California Mastitis Test (CMT), Electrical Conductivity (EC) that had a mean value of 6.27 ± 0.066 mS/cm and Somatic Cell Count (SCC) with a mean value of 8.8×105± 9.2×103 cells/ml. The risk factors investigated in this study revealed that the highest percentage of SCM was observed in winter, in cows at the late lactation stage with a percentage of 32.21 and 59.91 respectively. The results concluded that the young age cows were exposed to SCM more than old ones. While the occurrence of SCM was higher in cows with 2nd, 3rd and 1st than those with 4, 5, 6th parity number. The analytical results also revealed that there is a highly significant difference (p < 0.05) between numbers of parity. However, there is no significant difference (p > 0.05) between different stages of age, lactation and season as risk factors.(AU)
Um total de 695 vacas leiteiras Holstein Friesian lactantes foram examinadas para a prevalência de mastite subclí-nica (SCM) e sua associação com fatores de risco selecionados em uma fazenda privada de leite no distrito de Fayoum, Egito. 444 vacas em lactação com 1145 quartos foram consideradas positivas para SCM com prevalência de 63.88% e 41.18% no nível de vacas e quartos, respectivamente com base no California Mastitis Test (CMT), Condutividade Elétrica (EC) que teve um valor médio de 6.27 ± 0.066 mS / cm e Contagem de células somáticas (SCC) com um valor médio de 8.8 × 105± 9.2 × 103 células / ml. Os fatores de risco investigados neste estudo revelaram que o maior percentual de SCM foi observado no inverno, em vacas no final da lactação com um percentual de 32.21 e 59.91 respectivamente. Os resultados concluíram que as vacas jovens foram mais expostas ao SCM do que as vacas velhas. Enquanto a ocorrência de SCM foi maior nas vacas com 2, 3 e 1ª do que nas com 4, 5 e 6 números de paridade. Os resultados analíticos também revelaram que existe uma diferença altamente significativa (p <0.05) entre os números de paridade. No entanto, não há diferença significativa (p> 0.05) entre os diferentes estágios de idade, lactação e estação do ano como fatores de risco.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Bovinos , Fatores de Risco , Mastite BovinaRESUMO
A total of 695 Holstein Friesian lactating dairy cows were examined for the prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCM) and its association with selected risk factors in a private dairy farm at Fayoum district, Egypt. 444 lactating cows with 1145 quarters were found positive for SCM with prevalence of 63.88% and 41.18% at cow and quarter level respectively based on California Mastitis Test (CMT), Electrical Conductivity (EC) that had a mean value of 6.27 ± 0.066 mS/cm and Somatic Cell Count (SCC) with a mean value of 8.8×105± 9.2×103 cells/ml. The risk factors investigated in this study revealed that the highest percentage of SCM was observed in winter, in cows at the late lactation stage with a percentage of 32.21 and 59.91 respectively. The results concluded that the young age cows were exposed to SCM more than old ones. While the occurrence of SCM was higher in cows with 2nd, 3rd and 1st than those with 4, 5, 6th parity number. The analytical results also revealed that there is a highly significant difference (p 0.05) between different stages of age, lactation and season as risk factors.
Um total de 695 vacas leiteiras Holstein Friesian lactantes foram examinadas para a prevalência de mastite subclí-nica (SCM) e sua associação com fatores de risco selecionados em uma fazenda privada de leite no distrito de Fayoum, Egito. 444 vacas em lactação com 1145 quartos foram consideradas positivas para SCM com prevalência de 63.88% e 41.18% no nível de vacas e quartos, respectivamente com base no California Mastitis Test (CMT), Condutividade Elétrica (EC) que teve um valor médio de 6.27 ± 0.066 mS / cm e Contagem de células somáticas (SCC) com um valor médio de 8.8 × 105± 9.2 × 103 células / ml. Os fatores de risco investigados neste estudo revelaram que o maior percentual de SCM foi observado no inverno, em vacas no final da lactação com um percentual de 32.21 e 59.91 respectivamente. Os resultados concluíram que as vacas jovens foram mais expostas ao SCM do que as vacas velhas. Enquanto a ocorrência de SCM foi maior nas vacas com 2, 3 e 1ª do que nas com 4, 5 e 6 números de paridade. Os resultados analíticos também revelaram que existe uma diferença altamente significativa (p 0.05) entre os diferentes estágios de idade, lactação e estação do ano como fatores de risco.
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Bovinos , Fatores de Risco , Mastite BovinaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: CFH and HTRA1 are pivotal genes driving increased risk for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) among several populations. Here, we performed a hospital-based case-control study to evaluate the effects of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among Hispanics from Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 122 cases and 249 controls were genotyped using Taqman probes. Experienced ophthalmologists diagnosed AMD following the American Association of Ophthalmology guidelines. We studied CFH (rs1329428, rs203687) and HTRA1 (rs11200638) SNPs thoroughly by logistic regression models (assuming different modes of inheritance) and machine learning-based methods (ML). RESULTS: HTRA1 rs11200638 is the most significant polymorphism associated with AMD in our studied population. In a multivariate regression model adjusted for clinically and statistically meaningful covariates, the A/G and A/A genotypes increased the odds of disease by a factor of 2.32 and 7.81, respectively (P < .05) suggesting a multiplicative effect of the polymorphic A allele. Furthermore, this observation remains statistically meaningful in the allelic, dominant, and recessive models, and ML algorithms. When stratifying by phenotype, this polymorphism was significantly associated with increased odds for geographic atrophy (GA) in a recessive mode of inheritance (12.4, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: In sum, this work supports a strong association between HTRA1 genetic variants and AMD in Hispanics from Mexico, especially with GA. Moreover, ML was able to replicate the results of conventional biostatistics methods unbiasedly.
Assuntos
Predisposição Genética para Doença , Serina Peptidase 1 de Requerimento de Alta Temperatura A/genética , Aprendizado de Máquina , Degeneração Macular/genética , Degeneração Macular/patologia , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Fator H do Complemento/genética , Etnicidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , FenótipoRESUMO
Pesticide chemical residues in water samples and biomarker responses in transplanted fish were used to monitor environmental hazards of pesticides in Palo Verde National Park (Costa Rica). The Costarican fish, Parachromis dovii (Ciclhidae) and Poecilia gillii (Poecillidae), were selected as sentinel species. Contaminant analyses detected up to 15 different pesticide residues in water with hexachlobenzene (2261 ng l(-1)), phorate (473 ng l(-1)), epoxiconazole (314) and bromacil (117 ng l(-1)) being the compounds found in higher concentrations. Biomarker responses evidenced impacts on cholinesterase activities in transplanted fish at Barbudal site probably due to the presence of organophosphate insecticides such as phorate. High enzyme activities of glutathione S-transferase and catalase and elevated levels of lipid peroxides were also observed at a site impacted by rice fields (Cabuyo); those effects could be associated with the presence of hexachloro benzene and triazole fungicides. In general, P. dovii biomarkers were affected to a greater extent than those of P. gillii in fish transplanted to sites associated with agriculture, which suggests the former species is a good candidate for future surveys.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/análise , Ciclídeos , Monitoramento Ambiental , Resíduos de Praguicidas/efeitos adversos , Poecilia , Animais , Costa Rica , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Resíduos de Praguicidas/análise , Distribuição Aleatória , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análiseRESUMO
In Costa Rica, thousands of tones of agricultural pesticides have been used for decades and their use is continuously increasing due to intensive and expanding production of coffee, pineapple, rice, ornamental plants and bananas. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether choline esterase (ChE) activity could be used as a biomarker of exposure to pesticides in the Costa Rican native fish Astyanax aeneus (characidae). Three methods used in order to evaluate the ChE biomarker were as follows: Laboratory studies where A. aeneus was exposed to organophosphate pesticide (ethoprophos); In situ 48 hr exposure assessment using caging experiments with fish exposed upstream and downstream of banana plantations and ChE activity estimation of in fish captured directly at sites with different degrees of pesticide exposure. Results from the laboratory studies showed that ChE activity in both brain and muscle tissue was significantly lower in fish exposed to ethoprophos than in controls. Fish from the caging experiments showed no difference in ChE activity neither in brain nor in muscle tissue between the four tested sites and was attributed to the short duration of the exposure. Asignificant difference in ChE activity was determined in muscle of fish captured from Laguna Madre de Dios compared to fish from Canal Batán. Although our laboratory results revealed that ChE activity in A. aeneus was highly responsive to ethoprophos, results from field experiments were less conclusive and showed that the captured fish showed large variability in ChE activity and that more research is needed before ChE activity can be used as reliable biomarker of pesticide exposure.
Assuntos
Characidae/metabolismo , Colinesterases/metabolismo , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Compostos Organotiofosforados/efeitos adversos , Praguicidas/efeitos adversos , Animais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Costa Rica , Musa , OrganotiofosfatosRESUMO
In this report we present the analysis of a sporadic case of DMD and his family. In the present case, a deletion of exons 18-47 is presented which predicts abolition of the reading frame and is located between the well-known deletion hot spots of the DMD gene. This mutation was not previously reported in the Leiden database (LOVD). Both MLPA and segregation analysis with short tandem repeat markers elucidated the status of the mother, sister and the younger brother of the proband, who were not carriers of the mutation. This case provides a description of a new pathogenic variant presented as de novo mutation in a DMD patient. Haplotype analysis and complete gene screening may improve genetic counseling in cases of germline mosaicism and de novo mutations.
Assuntos
Distrofina/genética , Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne/genética , Adolescente , Humanos , Masculino , México , Mosaicismo , Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne/fisiopatologia , Mutação , LinhagemRESUMO
Recently it has been suggested that the neurohormone prolactin (PRL) could act on the afferent nociceptive neurons. Indeed, PRL sensitizes transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels present in nociceptive C-fibers and consequently reduces the pain threshold in a model of inflammatory pain. Accordingly, high plasma PRL levels in non-lactating females have been associated with several painful conditions (e.g. migraine). Paradoxically, an increase of PRL secretion during lactation induced a reduction in pain sensitivity. This difference could be attributed to the fact that PRL secreted from the adenopituitary (AP) is transformed into several molecular variants by the suckling stimulation. In order to test this hypothesis, the present study set out to investigate whether PRL from AP of suckled (S) or non-suckled (NS) lactating rats affects the activity of the male Wistar wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons. The WDR neurons are located in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and receive input from the first-order neurons (Ab-, Ad- and C-fibers). Spinal administration of prolactin variant from NS rats (NS-PRL) or prolactin variant from S rats (S-PRL) had no effect on the neuronal activity of non-nociceptive Ab-fibers. However, the activities of nociceptive Ad-fibers and C-fibers were: (i) increased by NS-PRL and (ii) diminished by S-PRL. Either NS-PRL or S-PRL enhanced the post-discharge activity. Taken together, these results suggest that PRL from S or NS lactating rats could either facilitate or depress the nociceptive responses of spinal dorsal horn cells, depending on the physiological state of the rats.
Assuntos
Lactação/fisiologia , Fibras Nervosas/efeitos dos fármacos , Nociceptores/fisiologia , Células do Corno Posterior/fisiologia , Prolactina/farmacologia , Medula Espinal/citologia , Animais , Feminino , Lactação/sangue , Masculino , Fibras Nervosas/fisiologia , Nociceptores/efeitos dos fármacos , Limiar da Dor/efeitos dos fármacos , Limiar da Dor/fisiologia , Células do Corno Posterior/efeitos dos fármacos , Prolactina/sangue , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
This study aimed to characterize environmental hazards of pesticides from pineapple production in riparian communities along the Jiménez River watershed. To achieve our objectives riparian ecological quality indices on riparian habitat and macroinvertebrate assemblages were combined with toxicity assays, fish biomarkers, physico-chemical water analysis and pesticide environmental hazards. During two consecutive years and two periods (July and October), three reference and four impacted sites were monitored. The ecological quality of benthic macroinvertebrates and of riparian habitats deteriorated from the reference sites downstream to the polluted reaches along the Jiménez River area affected by pineapple plantations. The toxicity of water to Daphnia magna also increased towards downstream reaches. Biomarkers of fish of the species Poecilia gillii and Bryconamericus scleroparius transplanted across the studied sites evidenced a clear anticholinergic effect towards downstream sites as well as increased levels of lipid peroxidation. Different pesticide residues were frequently detected in water samples collected across the Jiménez River watershed with herbicides (ametryn, bromacil, diuron), organophosphorus insecticides (diazinon and ethoprophos) and triazole fungicides being the greatest reaching levels above 1 µg L(-1) in downstream sites. Principal component and environmental hazard analysis of physico-chemical and biological responses established clear relationships among habitat deterioration and the ecological quality of macroinvertebrate communities, high levels of herbicides and poor plant growth, high levels of organophosphorus insecticides in water and anticholinesterase effects on fish, D. magna mortality and deterioration of macroinvertebrate communities. Fungicide and herbicide residue levels were also related with high levels of lipid peroxidation and high activities of glutathione S transferase in fish liver, respectively. These results indicated, thus, that riparian habitat deterioration due to deforestation and land use for agriculture and pesticide contamination are affecting river ecosystems.
Assuntos
Exposição Ambiental , Resíduos de Praguicidas/toxicidade , Praguicidas/toxicidade , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Agricultura , Ananas , Animais , Colinesterases/metabolismo , Cromatografia Líquida , Costa Rica , Daphnia/efeitos dos fármacos , Monitoramento Ambiental , Peixes/metabolismo , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Glutationa Transferase/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Resíduos de Praguicidas/análise , Praguicidas/análise , Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos , Rios , Estações do Ano , Extração em Fase Sólida , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análiseRESUMO
UNLABELLED: OBEJCTIVE: To compare the bioavailability of two 50-mg lamotrigine dispersible tablet formulations (Epilepax®, Ivax-TEVA Argentina Laboratories, Argentina, as a test formulation, and Lamictal®, GlaxoSmithKline, UK, as a reference formulation) in 24 healthy male volunteers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was a randomized, 2-period, 2-sequence crossover design that was open for subjects and investigators, but blind for the bioanalytical lab. Serum samples were obtained over a 120-h interval. A 9-day wash-out period was allowed between treatments. The concentrations of lamotrigine were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography followed by ultraviolet-visible detection. Lamotrigine time-concentrations curves were obtained and the following pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated: AUC0-t, AUC0-inf and Cmax. Bioequivalence was declared if the 90% confidence interval (CI) of the mean test/reference ratios for AUC0-t, AUC0-inf and Cmax were within 80.00-125.00%. RESULTS: The geometric mean and respective 90% CI of test/reference percent ratios were 100.83% (92.53-107.88%) for AUC0-t, 99.91% (93.79-108.40%) for AUC0-inf, and 95.62% (90.91-100.57%) for Cmax. No serious adverse events were observed. 1 patient reported a mild rash following the administration of each formulation. CONCLUSION: This single dose study found that the test and reference products met the regulatory criteria for bioequivalence in this sample of fasting healthy volunteers. These results suggest that bioequivalence studies evaluating 50-mg doses of Lamotrigine are feasible and recommended, since such doses may minimize the risk of severe rash or Stevens-Johnson Syndrome. This study was registered at the Argentinean Clinical Trials National Registry (www.anmat.gov.ar), No 1666/2008.