RESUMO
Stomata are microscopic valves formed by two guard cells flanking a pore, which are located on the epidermis of most aerial plant organs and are used for water and gas exchange between the plant and the atmosphere. The number, size and distribution of stomata are set during development in response to changing environmental conditions, allowing plants to minimize the impact of a stressful environment. In Arabidopsis, STOMATAL DENSITY AND DISTRIBUTION 1 (AtSDD1) negatively regulates stomatal density and optimizes transpiration and water use efficiency (WUE). Despite this, little is known about the function of AtSDD1 orthologs in crop species and their wild stress-tolerant relatives. In this study, SDD1-like from the stress-tolerant wild tomato Solanum chilense (SchSDD1-like) was identified through its close sequence relationship with SDD1-like from Solanum lycopersicum and AtSDD1. Both Solanum SDD1-like transcripts accumulated in high levels in young leaves, suggesting that they play a role in early leaf development. Arabidopsis sdd1-3 plants transformed with SchSDD1-like under a constitutive promoter showed a significant reduction in stomatal leaf density compared with untransformed sdd1-3 plants. Additionally, a leaf dehydration shock test demonstrated that the reduction in stomatal abundance of transgenic plants was sufficient to slow down dehydration. Overexpression of SchSDD1-like in cultivated tomato plants decreased the stomatal index and density of the cotyledons and leaves, and resulted in higher dehydration avoidance. Taken together, these results indicate that SchSDD1-like functions in a similar manner to AtSDD1 and suggest that Arabidopsis and tomatoes share this component of the stomatal development pathway that impinges on water status.
RESUMO
Se realizó una investigación en 108 niños asmáticos de las edades comprendidas entre 5 y 15 años, con una media de 11 que presentaban enuresis nocturna. A la mitad de ellos se le aplicó por asignación aleatoria durante cuatro semanas el método de tratamiento consistente en inducir propósitos. Se percibió un aumento progresivo de los pacientes que dejaron de orinarse a partir de la primera semana de tratamiento, llegando hasta un 75.9% los curados en la cuarta semana (n=41). Con relación al asma bronquial hubo una mejor relación médico paciente familia lo que propició un mejor manejo de la enfermedad. El 70.3% de los tratados con inducción de propósitos mejoraron los síntomas de asma (RM = 0.39, IC 95% 0.35-0.93, p=0.019), en la cuarta semana de tratamiento.
We developed a research in 108 asthmatic children between 5 15 years of age (average of 11), suffering from nocturnal enuresis. A prospective randomized study was realized with the treatment of proposal induction for four weeks. There was an increment of patients that stopped their urinary incontinence during the first week of treatment. Healed patients reached a 75.9% at the fourth week. There was a better doctor patient family relationship concerning bronchial asthma, which brought about a better handling of the disease. There was a notable improvement, clinically demonstrated by an important decrease in the quantity of asthmatic crisis and answer to proposal induction (OR= 0.39, IC 95% 0.35-0.93, p = 0.19).