RESUMO
Currently one species of Cyamon Gray, 1867 and one species of Thrinacophora Ridley, 1885 are reported from the Brazilian coast: Cyamon agnani (Boury- Esnault, 1973) and Thrinacophora funiformis (Ridley & Dendy, 1886) respectively. We describe two new sponge species from Camamu Bay, Bahia, Brazil: Cyamon pedroalcoladoi sp. nov. and Thrinacophora melae sp. nov. . The specimens were found in shallow waters (23 m), on the sandy bottom with biodetritus. Cyamon perdroalcoladoi sp. nov. has unique spiculation consisting of two kinds of strongyles, five kinds of styles and two kinds of polyactine spicules. Thrinacophora melae sp. nov. is characterized by only one size of strongyles and raphides, and three kinds of styles. Also, the first record of Cyamon agnani from the state of Bahia726 km north of the type localityEsprito Santo, Brazil), a plate of spicule set from Western Atlantic species of Cyamon and the redefinition of both genera are included. Taxonomic keys, comparative tables of spicules and the geographic and bathymetric distributions from Western Atlantic Cyamon species and World Thrinacophora are presented.
Assuntos
Baías , Poríferos , Animais , BrasilRESUMO
Herein, we describe the first-ever identification of Amorphinopsis atlantica in the Iguape Bay (Bahia, Brazil). The bay, where fish and shellfish harvesting has been practiced for centuries, is part of the Paraguau River estuary, the main tributary of Todos-os-Santos Bay. Massive encrusting specimens of sponge species growing on three different types of substrates were collected manually in the intertidal zone of a mangrove in an estuary; despite being initially described in Brazilian subtropical coastal waters. There are records for A. atlantica in the southeastern states of Rio de Janeiro, So Paulo, and northeastern states of Pernambuco, Paraba (Brazil), Falcn (Venezuela), Campeche and Vera Cruz (Mexico), in the department of Crdoba (Colombia), in the Hidden Creek district (Belize) and the Atlantic coast of Costa Rica. In the collection area, the construction of a dam in the tidal river and the subsequent hydroelectric power have changed the estuary dynamics to a threshold condition expected to be tolerated by new colonizers organisms. In this unpredictable scenario, Amorphinopsis atlantica has found a new habitat for more than 15 years. Local people have alleged that the sponge may cause recurring skin rashes, but this has not yet been confirmed. Monitoring and study on the distribution and abundance of the species and a medical survey may clarify the role of the sponge on the skin dermatitis complained by the local population.
Assuntos
Estuários , Poríferos , Animais , Rios , Brasil , EcossistemaRESUMO
Describing ontogenetic morphological change is an important part of integrative taxonomy; still, most taxonomic studies are based only on adult characters. Here, we provide illustrations and a morphological description of the sea stars from Bahia, including ontogenetic and intraspecific variation, and identify taxonomic issues. A total of 293 specimens from different localities along the Bahia State coastline and comparative material from other localities were examined. Eighteen species (11 genera, eight families) of Asteroidea were identified; Astropectinidae was the most representative family. All species identified also occur in subtropical Brazilian waters and most species are from shallow water habitats with soft bottoms. Most observed ontogenetic variation was quantitative in nature, such as the increase in the number of spines in the furrow and of spinelets in the paxillae with specimen growth. Genera that require further taxonomic studies are Astropecten and Othilia, whose specimens are commonly misidentified in local studies. One third of the species from Bahia are currently classified as "Vulnerable" in the Brazilian Red List, but baseline data on the population biology of these species are scarce. An illustrated identification key to the 65 Brazilian sea star species is also provided. This taxonomic study will facilitate the identification of specimens occurring along the Brazilian coast and help scientists and policy makers to establish the conservation status of the Brazilian species.
Assuntos
Equinodermos , Animais , Biologia , Brasil , Equinodermos/classificação , Ecossistema , Estrelas-do-MarRESUMO
A new species of Placospongia is described from Bahia State, Brazil. Placospongia giseleae sp. nov.. The specimen is found on the underside of rocks in shallow waters (0-20m), and is unique by having a spiculation consisting of two tylostyle categories, selenasters and acanthomicrorhabds. In addition, Placospongia ruetzleri, is recorded for the first time to Bahia state, 2.974 km southwards from its type locality, the Guyana shelf. The diversity of Placospongia species is raised from two to four taxa. An identification key for Western Atlantic Placospongia species is presented.
Assuntos
Poríferos , Animais , BrasilRESUMO
The recently proposed order Tethyida is characterized by the presence of megasclere styles, tylostyles or oxeas arranged in tracts ending as bouquets at or near the surface, and microsclere euasters. Two new species are described from the shallow coastal reefs (0-10 m) of Bahia, Brazil. Timea kamasary sp. nov. is represented by thin sciaphylous specimens with three categories of spicules: tylostyles, spined spheroxyasters and spined/smooth oxyasters in varied sizes. This species differs from Timea unistellata (Topsent, 1892) by having a different category of oxyasters. Tethya bitylastra sp. nov. is characterized by having strongyloxeas I and II, spherasters, oxyasters I and II, strongylasters and two categories of tylasters. This new species differs from Tethya maza Selenka, 1879 by having a second category of tylaster. Furthermore, we present taxonomic appointment for Timea berlincki (Leite, Fonseca, Leal Hajdu, 2015) and Tethya maza and the first record of Timea stenosclera (Hechtel, 1969) for the Southwest Atlantic.
Assuntos
Poríferos , Animais , BrasilRESUMO
Three new species of calcareous sponges from the coast of Bahia State, NE Brazil are described. All of them belong to the genus Paraleucilla (Calcaronea, Leucosolenida, Amphoriscidae): P. solangeae sp. nov., P. oca sp. nov., and P. incomposita sp. nov. The number of species recorded from the Bahia coast has thus increased from 10 to 13. Including these new species, there are now 50 calcareous sponge species known from the entire Brazilian coast. Paraleucilla is now composed of 11 species, six of them occurring along the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. The remaining species occur mainly in the Indian Ocean, and also in the Pacific Ocean, Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea. An identification key for all Paraleucilla species is provided. This paper is dedicated to the memory of Professor Solange Peixinho, to acknowledge her contribution to our understanding of the biodiversity of Calcarea from the Bahia coast in Brazil.
Assuntos
Poríferos/classificação , Estruturas Animais/anatomia & histologia , Estruturas Animais/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Brasil , Oceanos e Mares , Tamanho do Órgão , Poríferos/anatomia & histologia , Poríferos/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Two new species of the genera Phycopsis and Ciocalapata are described from the shallow waters off the Brazilian coast. This is the first record of Phycopsis in South Atlantic, with Phycopsis styloxeata sp. nov. being the only species of the genus that presents three categories of spicules: two of styles and one of oxeas. Ciocalapata, here represented by Ciocalapata minuspiculifera sp. nov., displays smaller oxeas and styles when compared to its congeneric C. amorphosa (Ridley & Dendy, 1886). The definition of this genus was modified and its geographical and bathymetric distributions now extend from the coast of Argentina to the northeastern coast of Brazil (state of Bahia) and from deep (1.097 m) to shallow (14-20 m) waters, respectively.