RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Although the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the prevalence of cases with olfactory loss, other respiratory viruses can also cause this condition. We aimed to compare the prevalence of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and other respiratory viruses in patients with sudden smell loss, and to assess the impact of SARS-CoV-2 viral load and co-infection on olfactory symptoms. METHODS: Patients with sudden smell loss were recruited in a multicenter prospective cohort study in 15 hospitals in Brazil. Clinical questionnaire, Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center (CCCRC) olfactory test and nasopharyngeal swab to perform a PCR-based respiratory viral panel were collected at first visit (day 0) and 30 and 60 days after recruitment. RESULTS: 188 of 213 patients presented positive test result for SARS-CoV-2, among which 65 were co-infected with other respiratory viruses (e.g., rhinovirus, enterovirus, and parainfluenza). 25 had negative test results for SARS-CoV-2. Patients in both SARSCoV-2 and non-SARS-CoV-2 groups had objective anosmia (less than 2 points according to the psychophysical olfactory CCCRC) at day 0, with no significant difference between them. Both groups had significant smell scores improvement after 30 and 60 days, with no difference between them. Co-infection with other respiratory viruses, and SARS-CoV-2 viral load did not impact olfactory scores. CONCLUSION: Patients with sudden smell loss associated with SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses had similar presentation, with most participants initiating with anosmia, and total or near total recovery after 60 days. SARS-CoV-2 viral load and co-infections with other respiratory viruses were not associated with poorer olfactory outcomes.

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BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) share the same transmission routes. About 30% of HIV-positive patients are co-infected with HCV. Of the various HCV-related extrahepatic events, those involving the skin may be the first sign of infection. AIM: To specify the skin presentations in patients co-infected with HIV and HCV (co-infected patients; CP) and compare them with those found in patients with HCV mono-infection (mono-infected patients; MP). METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study, in which the studied population consisted of MP and CP from a tertiary hospital in the South of Brazil, who underwent complete skin examination and laboratory tests. RESULTS: In total, 201 patients were assessed, of whom 108 were CP, and 93 were MP. Pruritus tended to be more common in MP. MP also had significantly more dermatological conditions (mean of 5.2) than CP (mean of 4.5). In total, 104 different skin diseases were identified. There was a higher prevalence of infectious diseases and pigmentation disorders, such as verruca vulgaris and facial melasma, in CP, whereas trunk and facial telangiectasias, palmar erythema, and varicose veins were more common in MP. CONCLUSION: We found a high prevalence of skin conditions both in MP and in CP; however, the patterns of the dermatological conditions were different. CP were found to have significantly fewer skin lesions than MP, but had a higher prevalence of infectious and pigmentation disorders. By contrast, vascular conditions were more common in MP.

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RESUMO

This study aimed to verify the difference between flower-visiting insect communities in genetically modified cotton (Bt) and conventional cotton (non-Bt). The study was conducted in a commercial cotton field in the municipality of Maracaju, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The collections of flower visitors were performed every 3 days in the morning during the reproductive period of cotton and employed 2 treatments: Bt cotton and non-Bt cotton. By the end of flowering, 1,310 specimens were collected, 56.56% on Bt cotton flowers and 43.44% on non-Bt cotton flowers. Even though the abundance of collected insects on Bt cotton was higher, species richness in non-Bt was higher than Bt, with a diversity of 73 species on Bt cotton and 84 species on non-Bt. Species richness of flower visitors varied between sampling times for both treatments and between the days of flowering, therefore, the species richness was lower at the beginning and the end of flowering in both cotton cultivars. But the species richness did not vary between cultivars of cotton. Species composition of insects was different during the periods of flower visitation, between cotton cultivars as well as between the interaction of these two factors. There was also a variation between the days of flowering but not between days and cotton cultivars. Based on this study, it was concluded that there are differences between the species of insects that visit flowers of Bt cotton and non-Bt cotton.

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se existe diferença entre a comunidade de insetos visitantes florais do algodoeirogeneticamente modificado (Bt) e sua isolinha convencional (não-Bt). A pesquisa foi realizada em área de produção comercial no Município de Maracaju, MS, Brasil. A área amostral compreendeu dois campos, um de algodão não-Bt e outro de algodão Bt. As coletas dos insetos foram realizadas no período matutino com intervalo de três dias. Ao final da floração foram coletados 1.310 espécimes de visitantes florais, destes, 56,56% nas flores do algodoeiro Bt e 43,44% do não-Bt. Embora a abundância de insetos no cultivar Bt ter sido maior, a riqueza de espécies no cultivar não-Bt foi superior. Assim, apresentando diversidade de 73 espécies na cultivar Bt e 84 espécies na não-Bt. A riqueza de espécies variou entre os horários de coleta para ambos os tratamentos, entre os dias de floração onde no início e no final da floração, constatou-se a menor riqueza independentemente do cultivar de algodão. Por outro lado, a riqueza de espécies não variou entre os cultivares de algodão. Com relação à composição das espécies houve variação entre os horários de visitação, entre os tipos de algodão e também entre a interação, desses dois fatores. Também variou entre os dias de floração, mas não entre as classes da interação os dias e o tipo de algodão. Com base neste estudo, concluímos que houve diferença entre as espécies de insetos que visitaram as flores do algodoeiro Bt e sua isolinha convencional.

RESUMO

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se existe diferença entre a comunidade de insetos visitantes florais do algodoeiro geneticamente modificado (Bt) e sua isolinha convencional (não-Bt). A pesquisa foi realizada em área de produção comercial no Município de Maracaju, MS, Brasil. A área amostral compreendeu dois campos, um de algodão não-Bt e outro de algodão Bt. As coletas dos insetos foram realizadas no período matutino com intervalo de três dias. Ao final da floração foram coletados 1.310 espécimes de visitantes florais, destes, 56,56% nas flores do algodoeiro Bt e 43,44% do não-Bt. Embora a abundância de insetos no cultivar Bt ter sido maior, a riqueza de espécies no cultivar não-Bt foi superior. Assim, apresentando diversidade de 73 espécies na cultivar Bt e 84 espécies na não-Bt. A riqueza de espécies variou entre os horários de coleta para ambos os tratamentos, entre os dias de floração onde no início e no final da floração, constatou-se a menor riqueza independentemente do cultivar de algodão. Por outro lado, a riqueza de espécies não variou entre os cultivares de algodão. Com relação à composição das espécies houve variação entre os horários de visitação, entre os tipos de algodão e também entre a interação, desses dois fatores. Também variou entre os dias de floração, mas não entre as classes da interação os dias e o tipo de algodão. Com base neste estudo, concluímos que houve diferença entre as espécies de insetos que visitaram as flores do algodoeiro Bt e sua isolinha convencional. (AU)

RICHNESS AND DIVERSITY OF FLOWER-VISITING INSECT SPECIES IN BT AND NON-BT COTTON. This study aimed to verify the difference between flower-visiting insect communities in genetically modified cotton (Bt) and conventional cotton (non-Bt). The study was conducted in a commercial cotton field in the municipality of Maracaju, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The collections of flower visitors were performed every 3 days in the morning during the reproductive period of cotton and employed 2 treatments: Bt cotton and non-Bt cotton. By the end of flowering, 1,310 specimens were collected, 56.56% on Bt cotton flowers and 43.44% on non-Bt cotton flowers. Even though the abundance of collected insects on Bt cotton was higher, species richness in non-Bt was higher than Bt, with a diversity of 73 species on Bt cotton and 84 species on non-Bt. Species richness of flower visitors varied between sampling times for both treatments and between the days of flowering, therefore, the species richness was lower at the beginning and the end of flowering in both cotton cultivars. But the species richness did not vary between cultivars of cotton. Species composition of insects was different during the periods of flower visitation, between cotton cultivars as well as between the interaction of these two factors. There was also a variation between the days of flowering but not between days and cotton cultivars. Based on this study, it was concluded that there are differences between the species of insects that visit flowers of Bt cotton and non-Bt cotton. (AU)

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RESUMO

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se existe diferença entre a comunidade de insetos visitantes florais do algodoeiro geneticamente modificado (Bt) e sua isolinha convencional (não-Bt). A pesquisa foi realizada em área de produção comercial no Município de Maracaju, MS, Brasil. A área amostral compreendeu dois campos, um de algodão não-Bt e outro de algodão Bt. As coletas dos insetos foram realizadas no período matutino com intervalo de três dias. Ao final da floração foram coletados 1.310 espécimes de visitantes florais, destes, 56,56% nas flores do algodoeiro Bt e 43,44% do não-Bt. Embora a abundância de insetos no cultivar Bt ter sido maior, a riqueza de espécies no cultivar não-Bt foi superior. Assim, apresentando diversidade de 73 espécies na cultivar Bt e 84 espécies na não-Bt. A riqueza de espécies variou entre os horários de coleta para ambos os tratamentos, entre os dias de floração onde no início e no final da floração, constatou-se a menor riqueza independentemente do cultivar de algodão. Por outro lado, a riqueza de espécies não variou entre os cultivares de algodão. Com relação à composição das espécies houve variação entre os horários de visitação, entre os tipos de algodão e também entre a interação, desses dois fatores. Também variou entre os dias de floração, mas não entre as classes da interação os dias e o tipo de algodão. Com base neste estudo, concluímos que houve diferença entre as espécies de insetos que visitaram as flores do algodoeiro Bt e sua isolinha convencional.

RICHNESS AND DIVERSITY OF FLOWER-VISITING INSECT SPECIES IN BT AND NON-BT COTTON. This study aimed to verify the difference between flower-visiting insect communities in genetically modified cotton (Bt) and conventional cotton (non-Bt). The study was conducted in a commercial cotton field in the municipality of Maracaju, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The collections of flower visitors were performed every 3 days in the morning during the reproductive period of cotton and employed 2 treatments: Bt cotton and non-Bt cotton. By the end of flowering, 1,310 specimens were collected, 56.56% on Bt cotton flowers and 43.44% on non-Bt cotton flowers. Even though the abundance of collected insects on Bt cotton was higher, species richness in non-Bt was higher than Bt, with a diversity of 73 species on Bt cotton and 84 species on non-Bt. Species richness of flower visitors varied between sampling times for both treatments and between the days of flowering, therefore, the species richness was lower at the beginning and the end of flowering in both cotton cultivars. But the species richness did not vary between cultivars of cotton. Species composition of insects was different during the periods of flower visitation, between cotton cultivars as well as between the interaction of these two factors. There was also a variation between the days of flowering but not between days and cotton cultivars. Based on this study, it was concluded that there are differences between the species of insects that visit flowers of Bt cotton and non-Bt cotton.

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