RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis that affects humans and other animals. Infection prevails in tropical and subtropical countries. Until a few years ago, it was considered that two varieties of Sporothrix schenckii caused this mycosis, but by applying molecular taxonomic markers, it has been demonstrated that there are several cryptic species within S. schenckii complex which varies in susceptibility, virulence, and geographic distribution. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the clinical isolates of Sporothrix spp. from patients with sporotrichosis in Medellin, Colombia, using two markers and to evaluate the in vitro susceptibility to itraconazole. METHODS: Thirty-four clinical isolates of Sporothrix spp. from Colombia, three from Mexico, and one from Guatemala were identified through sequencing of the noncoding region ITS-1 + 5.8SDNAr + ITS-2 and of the fragment containing exons 3 and 4 of the ß-tubulin gene. Clinical isolate sequences were compared with GenBank reference sequences using the BLASTN tool, and then, phylogenetic analysis was performed. Besides, the in vitro susceptibility to itraconazole was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations according to the CLSI M38-A2 method. RESULTS: Clinical isolates were identified by morphology as Sporothrix spp. Using the molecular markers, ITS and ß-tubulin, isolates were identified as S. schenckii sensu stricto (25) and Sporothrix globosa (13). Susceptibility to itraconazole was variable among clinical isolates. CONCLUSION: This is the first scientific publication that identifies species that cause sporotrichosis in Colombia, along with the antifungal susceptibility to itraconazole.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Itraconazol/farmacologia , Sporothrix/classificação , Sporothrix/efeitos dos fármacos , Esporotricose/microbiologia , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Análise por Conglomerados , Colômbia , DNA Fúngico/química , DNA Fúngico/genética , DNA Ribossômico/química , DNA Ribossômico/genética , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/química , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Guatemala , Humanos , México , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 5,8S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Sporothrix/genética , Sporothrix/isolamento & purificação , Tubulina (Proteína)/genéticaRESUMO
In the past few decades, a worldwide increase in the incidence of fungal infections has been observed and the resistance of some species of fungus to different fungicidals used in medical practice has also risen. This has led to the search for new antimycotics, particularly those obtained from natural sources such as plants, insects, and land and marine microorganisms. In these natural sources, a series of molecules with antifungal activity against different species of fungus of great clinical importance for humans has been found, and these substances have become an alternative for the development and formulation of new antifungals with fewer side effects, a greater spectrum of action and lower cost than those in current use. In this article, we review the main sources of molecules with antimycotic activity obtained from natural sources.