RESUMO
Literature data relevant to the decision to allow a waiver of in vivo bioequivalence (BE) testing for the approval of new multisource and reformulated immediate release (IR) solid oral dosage forms containing ciprofloxacin hydrochloride as the only active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) are reviewed. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride's solubility and permeability, its therapeutic use and index, pharmacokinetics, excipient interactions and reported BE/bioavailability (BA) problems were taken into consideration. Solubility and BA data indicate that ciprofloxacin hydrochloride is a BCS Class IV drug. Therefore, a biowaiver based approval of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride containing IR solid oral dosage forms cannot be recommended for either new multisource drug products or for major scale-up and postapproval changes (variations) to existing drug products.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Antibacterianos/farmacocinética , Ciprofloxacina/administração & dosagem , Ciprofloxacina/farmacocinética , Administração Oral , Animais , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Disponibilidade Biológica , Ciprofloxacina/química , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapêutico , Formas de Dosagem , Aprovação de Drogas , Excipientes , Humanos , Absorção Intestinal , Permeabilidade , Solubilidade , Equivalência TerapêuticaRESUMO
Literature and new experimental data relevant to the decision to allow a waiver of in vivo bioequivalence (BE) testing for the approval of immediate release (IR) solid oral dosage forms containing furosemide are reviewed. The available data on solubility, oral absorption, and permeability are sufficiently conclusive to classify furosemide into Class IV of the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS). Furosemide's therapeutic use and therapeutic index, its pharmacokinetic properties, data related to the possibility of excipient interactions and reported BE/bioavailability (BA) problems are also taken into consideration. In view of the data available, it is concluded that the biowaiver procedure cannot be justified for either the registration of new multisource drug products or major postapproval changes (variations) to existing drug products.
Assuntos
Furosemida/farmacocinética , Disponibilidade Biológica , Biofarmácia , Formas de Dosagem , Excipientes , Humanos , Permeabilidade , Solubilidade , Equivalência TerapêuticaRESUMO
Literature data relevant to the decision to allow a waiver of in vivo bioequivalence (BE) testing for the approval of immediate release (IR) solid oral dosage forms containing acetazolamide are reviewed. Acetazolamide's solubility and permeability characteristics according to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS), as well as its therapeutic use and therapeutic index, its pharmacokinetic properties, data related to the possibility of excipient interactions and reported BE/bioavailability (BA) problems are taken into consideration. The available data on solubility, on oral absorption and permeability are not sufficiently conclusive to classify acetazolamide with certainty. Taking a conservative approach, no biowaiver is considered justified for the registration of new multisource drug products. However, SUPAC level 1 and level 2 postapproval changes and most EU Type I variations can be approved waiving in vivo BE studies.