RESUMO
BACKGROUND: To investigate the incidence and demographic profile of hamartomatous, choristomatous, and teratoid lesions in a Brazilian population over a 49 years-period. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed, and data regarding demographic and clinical aspects were obtained from the medical records of a Brazilian referral center (1970-2019). The collected data were submitted to descriptive analysis and Pearson's chi-square, Fisher's exact, and Kruskal-Wallis tests (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: In a total of 16,412 medical records analyzed, 300 (1.83 %) were hamartomatous, 2 (0.01 %) choristomatous, and 1 (0.01 %) teratoid lesions. Hamartomas were most diagnosed in females and adults. Statistical significance was observed between hamartoma and age group (p < 0.001). Odontoma was the most frequent hamartomatous lesion. In choristomatous and teratoid lesions, there was no occurrence in males. The jaws were the most affected anatomical site by hamartoma. Choristomas were observed on the mandible and tongue, while a teratoid lesion was seen on the floor of the mouth. CONCLUSIONS: Low occurrence of choristomatous and teratoid lesions over hamartomatous lesions and a heterogeneous occurrence profile regarding sex, age group, and anatomic site were observed. Hamartomas are relatively common and benign conditions that may cause damage and require special care during dental treatment. Thus, the dentist needs to be able to identify and treat them appropriately. Likewise, although choristomas and teratomas present no risk to patients and have a lower occurrence than hamartomas, they also require treatment.
Assuntos
Coristoma , Hamartoma , Teratoma , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Teratoma/epidemiologia , Teratoma/diagnóstico , Teratoma/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Hamartoma/epidemiologia , Hamartoma/diagnóstico , Hamartoma/patologia , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Coristoma/epidemiologia , Coristoma/diagnóstico , Coristoma/patologia , Adolescente , Idoso , Criança , Doenças da Boca/epidemiologia , Doenças da Boca/diagnóstico , Doenças da Boca/patologia , Pré-Escolar , Adulto Jovem , Neoplasias Bucais/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Bucais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Lactente , Incidência , Idoso de 80 Anos ou maisRESUMO
New methods of early detection and risk assessment have been studied aiming to predict the prognosis of patients and directing a specialized treatment of the oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). In this context, several molecular biomarkers have been investigated for this purpose, and, among them, the heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) can be named. The study aimed to analyze whether heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) exerts any influence on OTSCC, correlating its immunoexpression with clinicopathological parameters, and patient survival. The sample comprised 55 OTSCC cases and 20 normal oral mucosa specimens. The malignancy grading systems proposed by the WHO in 2005, Brandwein-Gensler et al., and Almangush et al. were applied in a histomorphological study. HSP27 expressions were evaluated through the Immunoreactivity Score System (IRS). Significant values were considered at p <0.05 for all statistical tests. Higher IRS results were observed for normal oral mucosa specimens when compared to OTSCC cases (p <0.001). No significant associations between HSP27 immunostaining, the analyzed clinicopathological parameters and patient survival were observed. The results of the present study indicate lower HSP27 expression in OTSCC cases compared to normal oral mucosa specimens. Thus, HSP27 expression does not seem to influence patient prognosis.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP27 , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço , Neoplasias da Língua , Humanos , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP27/metabolismo , Prognóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Neoplasias da Língua/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Língua/patologiaRESUMO
Abstract New methods of early detection and risk assessment have been studied aiming to predict the prognosis of patients and directing a specialized treatment of the oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). In this context, several molecular biomarkers have been investigated for this purpose, and, among them, the heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) can be named. The study aimed to analyze whether heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) exerts any influence on OTSCC, correlating its immunoexpression with clinicopathological parameters, and patient survival. The sample comprised 55 OTSCC cases and 20 normal oral mucosa specimens. The malignancy grading systems proposed by the WHO in 2005, Brandwein-Gensler et al., and Almangush et al. were applied in a histomorphological study. HSP27 expressions were evaluated through the Immunoreactivity Score System (IRS). Significant values were considered at p <0.05 for all statistical tests. Higher IRS results were observed for normal oral mucosa specimens when compared to OTSCC cases (p <0.001). No significant associations between HSP27 immunostaining, the analyzed clinicopathological parameters and patient survival were observed. The results of the present study indicate lower HSP27 expression in OTSCC cases compared to normal oral mucosa specimens. Thus, HSP27 expression does not seem to influence patient prognosis.
Resumo Novos métodos de detecção precoce e avaliação de risco estão sendo estudados com o intuito de predizer o prognóstico dos pacientes e direcionar um tratamento diferenciado. Neste contexto, vários biomarcadores moleculares têm sido investigados com esta finalidade, dentre eles a heat shock protein 27 (HSP27). Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar se a HSP27 exerce alguma influência nos carcinomas de células escamosas de língua oral (CCELO), correlacionando a sua imunoexpressão com parâmetros clinicopatológicos e com a sobrevida dos pacientes. A amostra foi constituída por 55 casos de CCELO e 20 espécimes de mucosa oral normal. Os sistemas de gradação de malignidade propostos pela OMS em 2005, Brandwein-Gensler et al. e Almangush et al. foram aplicados em um estudo histomorfológico. A expressão da HSP27 foi avaliada através do Sistema de Escore de Imunorreatividade (IRS). Para todos os testes estatísticos foram considerados valores significativos com p<0,05. Foi observado um maior IRS para a mucosa oral normal quando comparado aos casos de CCELO (p<0,001). Não foram encontradas associações significativas entre a imunomarcação da HSP27 com os parâmetros clinicopatológicos analisados e com a sobrevida dos pacientes. Os resultados do presente estudo indicam uma menor expressão da HSP27 nos casos de CCELO quando comparados aos espécimes de mucosa oral normal. Assim, a expressão da HSP27 parece não influenciar o prognóstico dos pacientes.
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Inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH) is a common reactive lesion in dental prostheses users that may be associated with chondroid metaplasia (CM). Metaplasia is an adaptive cellular process that may be caused by trauma. We reported here five cases of IFH associated with CM and analyzed morphologically the deposition of collagen in these lesions. Patients had a mean age of 58.8 years-old and were ill-fitting dental prostheses users. They presented nodular lesions located in the anterior maxilla. Microscopically, it was observed hyperplastic fibrous connective tissue with chronic inflammatory infiltrate and hyaline cartilage. No morphological differences were observed in collagen deposition under light microscopy, but quantitative analysis revealed a significantly higher collagen deposition at the connective tissue near CM (p = 0.015). IFH associated with CM affects ill-fitting dental prostheses users. The presence of CM is not significant to the lesion prognosis. However, its formation and the higher collagen deposition near it reinforces the IFH reactive origin.
La hiperplasia fibrosa inflamatoria (HFI) es una lesión reactiva común en los usuarios de prótesis dentales que puede estar asociada con la metaplasia cartilaginosa (MC). La metaplasia es un proceso celular adaptativo que puede ser causado por un trauma. El presente informe analizó cinco casos de HFI asociados a MC y se analizaron morfológicamente la deposición de colágeno en estas lesiones. Los pacientes tenían una edad media de 58,8 años y eran usuarios de prótesis dentales mal adaptadas. Se observaron lesiones nodulares localizadas en el la parte anterior del maxilar Microscópicamente se observó tejido conectivo fibroso hiperplásico con infiltrado inflamatorio crónico y cartílago hialino. No se observaron diferencias morfológicas en la deposición de colágeno bajo microscopía óptica, pero el análisis cuantitativo reveló una deposición de colágeno significativamente mayor en el tejido conectivo cerca de MC (p = 0,015). La HFI asociada con la MC afecta a los usuarios de prótesis dentales mal adaptadas. La presencia de MC no es significativa para el pronóstico de la lesión. Sin embargo, su formación y la mayor deposición de colágeno cerca de MC refuerza el origen reactivo de HFI.
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Benign fibrous histiocytoma (BFH) is a common mesenchymal lesion on the skin where it is better known as dermatofibroma. It mainly affects areas of the integument exposed to the sun. It can occur in the mucous membranes, being quite unusual in the oral cavity. This article presents a rare case of benign oral fibrous histiocytoma in childhood. An eleven-year-old male patient sought the stomatology clinic of the dentistry course at a reference university in northeastern Brazil, complaining of an asymptomatic increase in volume on the cheek, with an evolution of approximately two years. On intraoral examination, a lesion in the cheek mucosa was observed, measuring approximately 4 cm. The lesion had a nodular, circumscribed, reddish appearance, showing ulcerated areas covered by a yellowish pseudomembrane on its surface. The clinical diagnostic hypothesis was pleomorphic adenoma. Excisional biopsy was performed and, after morphological and immunohistochemical evaluation, the diagnosis of BFH was reached. Although it is a lesion with an excellent prognosis, BFH must be carefully analyzed for the differential diagnosis with malignant neoplasms that may have a mild appearance, such as fibrosarcoma or dermatofibrosarcoma. In addition, other benign lesions such as desmoplastic fibroblastoma, myofibroma, myopericytoma and nodular fasciitis may, in some histological sections, mimic the microscopic appearance of benign fibrous histiocytoma. In this reported case, immunohistochemical evaluation was essential to conclude the diagnosis of BFH(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Histiocitoma Fibroso Benigno/diagnóstico , Histiocitoma Fibroso BenignoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the oxidative DNA damage, through 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and its repair by base excision repair pathway [Redox factor-1 (Ref-1); X-ray Repair Cross Complementing-1 (XRCC-1)] in different epithelial dysplasia degrees in oral leukoplakia. DESIGN: Forty-four cases of oral leukoplakia and 10 normal oral mucosa were quantified for 8-OHdG, Ref-1, and XRCC-1 through immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Cytoplasmic 8-OHdG and nuclear XRCC-1 were significantly associated with multiple synchronous lesions (p = 0.048; p = 0.034, respectively). Nuclear Ref-1 was significantly associated with oral leukoplakia on the tongue (p = 0.027). A significantly gradual cytoplasmic 8-OHdG expression increase was observed between normal oral mucosa and epithelial dysplasia (p < 0.05). Nuclear Ref-1 expression was significantly lower (p < 0.01) in non-dysplasia/mild dysplasia, while its cytoplasmic expression was significantly higher in non-dysplasia/mild dysplasia compared to moderate/severe dysplasia and normal oral mucosa (p = 0.03; p < 0.0001, respectively). A significantly higher cytoplasmic XRCC-1 expression was observed in non-dysplasia/mild and moderate/severe dysplasia compared to normal oral mucosa (p < 0.0001; p < 0.0001, respectively). All epithelial dysplasia degrees showed a correlation between nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of these proteins (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: 8-OHdG formation may not play a role in the development of multiple synchronous oral leukoplakias. However, it is related to the severity of the epithelial dysplasia. The subcellular level of Ref-1 implies different roles according to the degree of epithelial dysplasia. Cytoplasmic XRCC-1 expression indicates a possible failure of the DNA repair mechanism and occurs in early morphological stages of epithelial dysplasia.
Assuntos
Leucoplasia Oral , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas , Dano ao DNA , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Leucoplasia Oral/metabolismo , Mucosa Bucal/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/metabolismoRESUMO
Necrotizing sialometaplasia (NS) affects salivary glands, and despite being a benign condition, its clinical and histopathological features sometimes mimic other malignant pathologies of epithelial origin. This article presents two cases of NS and discusses clinicopathological features and the differential diagnosis of this condition. The first case, a 76-year-old woman with a 6-month history of painful oral thrush. Intraoral examination showed an ulcerative lesion located on the hard palate. The clinical hypothesis was squamous cell carcinoma. Second, a 26-year-old man with a 40-days ulcerative lesion on the soft palate. Intraoral examination revealed a reddish ulcer measuring 0.5 cm. Clinical hypothesis was traumatic ulcer. In both cases, a biopsy was performed, and a histopathological diagnosis of NS was established. NS cause is poorly understood, and its clinical features resemble other oral lesions with ulcerative aspects. Thus, dentists must be aware of the clinical features of oral ulcers with more than a 2-week duration without defined etiology.
Assuntos
Úlceras Orais , Sialometaplasia Necrosante , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Idoso , Adulto , Sialometaplasia Necrosante/diagnóstico , Sialometaplasia Necrosante/patologia , Úlcera/diagnóstico , Úlcera/patologia , Glândulas Salivares/patologia , Palato Duro/patologia , Úlceras Orais/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico DiferencialRESUMO
Increasing clinical evidence indicates that Th17 cells may promote or inhibit tumor progression, however the exact role of these cells in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCCs) pathogenesis and progression remains unclear. Tumor associated macrophages are highly plastic phenotype cells which can differentiate as M1 or M2. The mechanism and cellular phenotype of IL-17 expressing macrophages are unknown. 40 cases of lip and 28 of tongue SCCs were submitted to immunohistochemical analysis, and histologically graded. In tongue cases TNM was analyzed. The number of IL-17+ T cells was higher in lip SCC (p = 0.028). IL-17+ macrophages was greater in tongue SCC (p = 0.014). There were more IL-17+ macrophages in the high-grade malignancy oral tongue SCCs (p = 0.016), yet there was no significant difference in the numbers of RORγt+ lymphocytes by histopathological or TNM analysis. This study provides evidence concerning IL-17's pleiotropic roles, being possibly dependent on its cellular sources in the tumor microenvironment.
Assuntos
Interleucina-17/imunologia , Neoplasias Labiais , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral , Proteínas de Neoplasias/imunologia , Células Th17 , Neoplasias da Língua , Macrófagos Associados a Tumor , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Labiais/imunologia , Neoplasias Labiais/patologia , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/imunologia , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/patologia , Masculino , Células Th17/imunologia , Células Th17/patologia , Neoplasias da Língua/imunologia , Neoplasias da Língua/patologia , Macrófagos Associados a Tumor/imunologia , Macrófagos Associados a Tumor/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study analyzed the immunoexpression of calcitonin receptor (CTR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in central giant cell lesions (CGCLs) and verified potential associations with patient's response to clinical treatment with intralesional injection of triamcinolone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-four cases of CGCLs, including 22 non-aggressive, and 32 aggressive, were investigated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Surgery was the therapeutic choice for 53.1% of the aggressive CGCLs, and 46.9% were submitted to the conservative treatment with intralesional triamcinolone injections. Among patients submitted to conservative treatment, 60% (n = 9) showed favorable response. CTR expression was observed in 68.51%, and GR in 94.44% of the total sample. There were no differences in the expression of CTR, neither GR in mononucleated stromal cells (MSCs) or multinucleated giant cells (MGCs), in relation to aggressiveness, treatment performed for and the response to conservative treatment. Both markers showed a positive correlation between their expression in MSCs and MGCs in the total sample (P < 0.0001). CTR expression on MSCs showed a positive correlation with MGCs in the aggressive and non-aggressive groups (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Calcitonin receptor and GR expression were diffuse and similar in non-aggressive and aggressive cases, and it did not influence the response to clinical treatment with triamcinolone in the sample studied.
Assuntos
Células Gigantes/metabolismo , Granuloma de Células Gigantes/tratamento farmacológico , Granuloma de Células Gigantes/metabolismo , Imuno-Histoquímica , Doenças Maxilomandibulares/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Maxilomandibulares/metabolismo , Receptores da Calcitonina/metabolismo , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Triancinolona , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Injeções Intralesionais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Receptores da Calcitonina/genética , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/genética , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Introducción: El cáncer oral es un problema de salud pública em muchos países, a pesar de que es una enfermedad que se puede prevenir debido a sua sociación bien estabelecida com ciertos factores de riesgo que pueden ser fácilmente identificados por el professional durante la evaluación clínica del paciente. Objetivo: Analizar la percepción de los odontólogos y estudiantes de odontología em los factores de riesgo y diagnóstico de lesiones bucales malignas y potencialmente malignas. Método: Los datos fueron recolectados através de um cuestionario validado y adaptado para este estudio, incluyendo, preguntas sobre datos sociodemográficos y la percepción del conocimiento de las lesiones bucales potencialmente malignas y el cáncer oral. De acuerdo com la puntuación obtenida, se establecier on cuatro conceptos, A (nivel óptimo de lainformación), B (bueno), C (regular) y D (insatisfactorio). Resultados: De las 292 personas, lamayoríatenía entre 20 y 29 años (48,97%) y erandel sexo femenino (62%). Los participantes más jóvenes, estudiantes yrecién graduados, tenían mejores conceptos em relación com el cáncer oral (p=0,000). La leucoplasia fue una de las lesiones buçales potencialmente malignas más relacionada com el cáncer oral (76,4%). Sólo el 12,7% de los participantes obtuvo el concepto, sin embargo, el 85,4%requeríanactualizarsesobre el tema de cáncer oral. Conclusión: Se observo un bajo nivel de consciência em el conocimiento de las lesiones bucales potencialmente malignas y cáncer oral, sin embargo, los jóvenes participantes, estudiantes y recién graduados de odontólogos, tenían mejores conceptos. Palabras clave: Diagnóstico; Factores de Riesgo; Neoplasias de la Boca
Introduction: Oral cancer is a public health problem in many countries. However, it is a disease that is preventable because of its well-established association with certain risk factors that can be easily identified by health care professionals during the clinical evaluation of patients. Objective: To analyze the knowledge (real and perceived) that dentists and dental students have regarding the diagnosis of and risk factors for malignant and potentially malignant oral lesions. Method: Data were collected with a previously validated questionnaire, adapted for use in this study, including questions designed to collect sociodemographic data and information about the level of knowledge of potentially malignant oral lesions and oral cancer. According to the score, the level of knowledge was categorized as follows: A (excellent); B (good); C (satisfactory); and D (poor). Results: A total of 292 individuals completed the questionnaire. Most (48.97%) of the respondents were between 20 and 29 years of age, and the majority (62.0%) were female. Younger participants, students, and recent graduates displayed the best knowledge of oral cancer (p=0.000). The clinical aspect that was most commonly associated with oral cancer (by 76.4% of the respondents) was leukoplakia. Although 85.4% of the respondents reported being up to date on the topic of oral cancer, only 12.7% had an A level of knowledge. Conclusion: Overall, the level of knowledge of potentially malignant oral lesions and oral cancer was low. However, younger respondents, students, and recent graduates displayed better knowledge of the topic. Key words: Diagnosis; Risk Factors; Mouth Neoplasms.
Introdução: O câncer oral é um problema de saúde pública em vários países do mundo, entretanto é uma doença que pode ser prevenida em razão da sua bem estabelecida associação com certos fatores de riscos que podem ser facilmente identificados pelo profissional no momento da avaliação clínica do paciente. Objetivo: Analisar a percepção dos cirurgiões-dentistas e universitários de Odontologia em relação ao diagnóstico e a fatores de risco das lesões orais malignas e potencialmente malignas. Método: Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário validado e adaptado para a presente pesquisa, incluindo perguntas sobre dados sociodemográficos e percepção do conhecimento das lesões orais potencialmente malignas e câncer oral. De acordo com a pontuação obtida, atribuíram-se quatro conceitos, A (ótimo nível de informação); B (bom); C (regular); e D (insatisfatório). Resultados: Duzentos e noventa e dois indivíduos participaram do estudo, a maioria tinha entre 20 e 29 anos (48,97%) e era do sexo feminino (62%). Os participantes mais jovens, estudantes e graduados apresentaram melhores conceitos com relação ao câncer oral (p=0,000). A leucoplasia foi a lesão oral potencialmente maligna mais relacionada ao câncer (76,4%). Apenas 12,7% dos participantes obtiveram conceito A, embora 85,4% referissem atualizar-se sobre esse tema. Conclusão: Notou-se baixo nível de percepção no conhecimento das lesões orais potencialmente malignas e câncer oral, entretanto os participantes mais jovens, estudantes e graduados com menos tempo de formado apresentaram melhores conceitos.