RESUMO

This study evaluated the association between adherence to a traditional Mexican diet (TMexD) and obesity, diabetes and CVD-related outcomes in secondary data analysis of the cross-sectional Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2018-2019. Data from 10 180 Mexican adults were included, collected via visits to randomly selected households by trained personnel. Adherence to the TMexD (characterised by mostly plant-based foods like maize, legumes and vegetables) was measured through an adapted version of a recently developed TMexD index, using FFQ data. Outcomes included obesity (anthropometric measurements), diabetes (biomarkers and diagnosis) and CVD (lipid biomarkers, blood pressure, hypertension diagnosis and CVD event diagnosis) variables. Percentage differences and OR for presenting non-communicable disease (NCD)-related outcomes (with 95 % CI) were measured using multiple linear and logistic regression, respectively, adjusted for relevant covariates. Sensitivity analyses were conducted according to sex, excluding people with an NCD diagnosis and using multiple imputation. In fully adjusted models, high, compared with low, TMexD adherence was associated with lower insulin (-9·8 %; 95 % CI (-16·0, -3·3)), LDL-cholesterol (-4·3 %; 95 % CI (-6·9, -1·5)), non-HDL-cholesterol (-3·9 %; 95 % CI (-6·1, -1·7)) and total cholesterol (-3·5 %; 95 % CI (-5·2, -1·8)) concentrations. Men and those with no NCD diagnosis had overall stronger associations. Effect sizes were smaller, and associations weakened in multiple imputation models. No other associations were observed. While results may have been limited due to the adaptation of a previously developed index, the results highlight the potential association between the TMexD and lower insulin and cholesterol concentrations in Mexican adults.

RESUMO

Socioeconomic inequalities in physical (in)activity and sedentary behaviours are key mediators in obesity and health socioeconomic inequalities. Considering the high and uneven obesity rates in Chile, this review aims to systematically assess the socioeconomic inequalities in physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) among the Chilean population from different age groups. Peer-reviewed and grey literature were searched from inception until 31st December 2019 in PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Sciences and LILACS. Publications in English and Spanish, from observational studies that reported the comparison of at least one indicator of PA or SB between at least two groups of different socioeconomic positions (SEP), from the general Chilean population, were included. Data searches, screening, extraction, and quality assessment, using the Newcastle Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for observational studies, were conducted by two independent researchers. Seventeen articles (from 16 studies) met the inclusion criteria (14 cross-sectional; two cohort). Across these, quality was considered low, medium and high for 19%, 69% and 13%, respectively. Results showed consistent evidence for a lower leisure-time PA and sitting time, and higher physical inactivity among adults from the lower, compared to the highest, SEP groups. Associations between SEP and total PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA, low PA, and transport and work-related PA were inconsistent. These findings provide insights to public health and physical activity researchers and policymakers aiming to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in PA and SB in Chile and other countries.

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RESUMO

PURPOSE: We present a modified technique of sigmoid neovaginal construction in children that protects the sigmoid pedicle from traction, allows easy adjustment of caliber and reorients the mucosal fold in a longitudinal direction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1997 to 2000, 10 genetically male (46 XY) children 1 to 13 years old underwent construction of a neovagina with sigmoid, incorporating the Yang-Monti concept of intestinal reconfiguration. The diagnosis was androgen insensitivity in 7 patients, congenital adrenal hyperplasia in 2 due to 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency, respectively, and bladder exstrophy in 1 who required sex reassignment. RESULTS: Eight children had an adequate caliber neovagina after an initial period of systematic dilation. In 1 case a relevant stricture required reoperation using the same technique and the outcome was good. In another child a stricture developed in the middle of the reconfigured sigmoid segment and a regular dilation schedule is still being followed after 23 months of followup. CONCLUSIONS: The new sigmoid reconfiguration technique enables the use of smaller dimension intestinal segments and construction of a long vaginal conduit of adequate caliber. Its optimal adequacy for penetration must be assessed in the future after these patients begin sexual activity.

Assuntos

RESUMO

El tumor de Wilms, también llamado Nefroblastoma es el segundo tumor maligno troperineal más común en el niño. Es el responsable del 5 al 10 por ciento de todos los tumores en la infancia. En nuestro medio hasta 1979 la sobrevida no superaba el 34 por ciento. A partir de entonces con el uso de un protocolo multidisciplinario de tratamiento, basado en el National Wilms Tumor Study de los EEUU y a partir de 1986 Grupo Cooperativo Brasilero para el tratamiento del tumor de Wilms, la sobrevida alcanzó el 83 por ciento. Los autores presentan la experiencia con el tratamiento de 25 niños portadores de Tumor de Wilms en el período 1979 a 1986. Son analizados la estadificación, el tratamiento quirúrgico, quimioterápico y radioterapéutico. El seguimiento posoperatorio fue entre 5 y 196 meses con una media de 69 meses, con una sobrevida globlal de 88 por ciento

Assuntos

RESUMO

El tumor de Wilms, también llamado Nefroblastoma es el segundo tumor maligno troperineal más común en el niño. Es el responsable del 5 al 10 por ciento de todos los tumores en la infancia. En nuestro medio hasta 1979 la sobrevida no superaba el 34 por ciento. A partir de entonces con el uso de un protocolo multidisciplinario de tratamiento, basado en el National Wilms Tumor Study de los EEUU y a partir de 1986 Grupo Cooperativo Brasilero para el tratamiento del tumor de Wilms, la sobrevida alcanzó el 83 por ciento. Los autores presentan la experiencia con el tratamiento de 25 niños portadores de Tumor de Wilms en el período 1979 a 1986. Son analizados la estadificación, el tratamiento quirúrgico, quimioterápico y radioterapéutico. El seguimiento posoperatorio fue entre 5 y 196 meses con una media de 69 meses, con una sobrevida globlal de 88 por ciento

Assuntos