RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate 2-dimensional (2D) and 3D morphometric parameters of C-shaped root canals on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and microcomputed tomography (microCT) images using nanocomputed tomography (nanoCT) as the reference standard. STUDY DESIGN: Sixty mandibular molars with C-shaped canals were individually scanned using nanoCT and microCT. Cone beam computed tomography acquisitions were then performed with 4 CBCT systems, using high and standard resolutions. The 2D parameters of roundness and major and minor diameters were obtained in the cross sections of the root canals at 1, 2, and 3 mm from the root apex. The 3D parameters of surface area, volume, and structure model index were measured considering the entire extension of the root canals. Absolute error (AE) in measurement was calculated against the nanoCT values. Data were statistically analyzed with the Shapiro-Wilk test and analysis of variance (α = 0.05). RESULTS: No significant differences in AE were discovered for the 2D parameters among microCT and the CBCT scans. The AE values for the 3D parameters of volume and surface area were significantly smaller in microCT compared to all CBCT units (P < .05). Significantly lower AE values for surface area were observed in high resolution compared to standard resolution for all CBCT units (P < .05). Structure model index did not differ significantly among microCT and all CBCT protocols. CONCLUSIONS: Cone beam computed tomography images showed accuracy for evaluating 2D parameters and over- and underestimation for 3D parameters.
Assuntos
Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico , Cavidade Pulpar , Humanos , Cavidade Pulpar/diagnóstico por imagem , Microtomografia por Raio-X , Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico/métodos , Dente Molar/diagnóstico por imagem , Raiz Dentária , Mandíbula/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To report a case of Poland syndrome in a 67-year-old woman. CLINICAL CASE: The patient was questioned and examined for a history of malformations characteristic of this syndrome on a routine medical visit. Thorax, bone thorax, and comparative hand X-ray were taken. Mammary ultrasound, mastography, and computed axial tomography were taken also. The right hemithorax showed a thin subcutaneous cell tissue. Axillary alopecia, mammary hypoplasia and areola-nipple complex retraction, hypoplasia of major pectoral muscles was observed. In the right upper limb, there was forearm shortening, hypoplasia of the second phalanx in all five fingers, and absence of distal phalanx in the index finger. CONCLUSIONS: The patient showed 4 out of the 5 characteristics considered as typical by Hester and Bostwick. In terms of hand anomalies, she was classified as type 1 according to Gausewitz and according with Al-Qaifan, the patient belongs to type 2.
Assuntos
Síndrome de Poland/diagnóstico , Idoso , Feminino , HumanosRESUMO
Key "driver" mutations have been discovered in specific subgroups of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Activating mutations in the form of deletions in exon 19 (del 19) or the missense mutation L858R in the tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) predict outcome to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as gefitinib and erlotinib. Pooled data from several phase II studies show that gefitinib and erlotinib induce responses in over 70% of NSCLC patients harbouring EGFR mutations, with progression-free survival (PFS) ranging from 9 to 13 months and median survival of around 23 months. Two studies in Caucasian and Asian patients have confirmed that these subgroups of patients attain response rates of 70% with erlotinib and ge- fitinib, including complete responses, PFS up to 14 months and median survival up to 27 months. These landmark outcomes have been accompanied by new challenges: the additional role of chemotherapy and the management of tumours with the secondary T790M mutation that confers resistance to EGFR TKIs. Mechanisms of resistance to reversible EGFR TKIs should be further clarified and could be related to modifications in DNA repair. The presence of double mutations (T790M plus either L858R or del 19) at the time of diagnosis could be much more frequent than originally thought. The sensitivity to EGFR TKIs could be greatly influenced by the expression of genes involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks by homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Receptores ErbB/química , Receptores ErbB/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Mutação , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Bases de Dados Genéticas , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Modelos Biológicos , Mutação/fisiologia , Fosfotransferases/química , Fosfotransferases/genética , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína/genética , EspanhaRESUMO
Se describe y muestra un instrumento que fija la valva de Balfour en el hemiabdomen superior para su uso en múltiples operaciones, constituido por un fijador, un soporte y la modificación realizada a la valva de Balfour, y tiene como ventajas la garantía de una mejor realización de la técnica quirúrgica, la mejoría del campo operatorio y la eliminación de un ayudante en la mesa de operaciones. Este separador fue ideado para utilizarse en el hemiabdomen superior, no obstante puede emplearse en cualquier parte del abdomen. La propuesta ha sido utilizada en 30 pacientes y fue satisfactorio su empleo en todos éstos y aceptados por todos los cirujanos. Se presentó una complicación representada por un cuadro de neuritis intercostal en el paciente operado de neoplasia de curvatura esplénica del colon. Consideramos que por las ventajas que presenta el instrumento debe ser ampliado a otras unidades hospitalarias de Cuba.
A surgical implement which fixes Balfour's valva to the upper hemiabdomen is described and shown for its using in other surgery. It is made up of a fixator, a bracket and the modification of Balfour's valva and it exhibits advantages such as: a better guaranteed surgical technique, improvement of surgical field and elimination of one assistant at surgery. This separator was devised to be used in the upper hemiabdomen but it may be employed in other abdomen sections. The proposed implement has been used in 30 patients with satisfactory outcome and accepted by all surgeons. A complication related to intercostal neuritis affected a patient who was operated from colon splenial curvature neoplasm. We consider that the advantages of this implement allows it to be extended to other hospitals in the country.