RESUMO
Nopalea cochenillifera (Cactaceae), popularly known as "palma" or "palma doce", is from Mexico, but it was widely introduced in Brazil through crops. It has been used as food and in traditional medicine and is a good source of phenolic compounds. In this study the phytochemical profile and gastroprotective activity of phenolic-rich extract of N. cochenillifera in acute gastric lesion models induced by ethanol and indomethacin were evaluated. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI/MSn) allowed the characterization of 12 compounds such as sugars, phenolics and flavonoids. Among polyphenols, the main peak was assigned to isorhamnetin-3-O-(2'',3''-O-di-rhamnose)-glucoside. The TPC and TFC in the dry extract were 67.85 mg of gallic acid equivalent per g/extract and 46.16 mg quercetin equivalent per g/extract, respectively. In the in vitro MTT assay, the extract showed no cytotoxicity and suppressed ROS levels in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Preclinical models in rats showed that a dose of 100 mg kg-1 (p < 0.0001) in the ethanol model and doses of 100 mg kg-1 (p < 0.5) and 200 mg kg-1 (p < 0.01) in the indomethacin model reduced the gastric lesions. Also, the extract reduced the MPO, MDA, TNF-α and IL-1ß levels and increased the GSH and IL-10 levels. The pre-treatment with the extract led to the upregulation of SOD and the downregulation of COX-2 by immunohistochemical analysis. It also showed a cytoprotective effect in the histopathological analysis and stimulated the restoration of the mucus content as observed in the periodic acid-Schiff analysis without modifying the pH, volume or total acidity of the gastric juice. Taken together, N. cochenillifera extract can be applied as a novel gastroprotective ingredient for food or pharmaceutical products.
Assuntos
Antiulcerosos , Cactaceae , Úlcera Gástrica , Ratos , Animais , Extratos Vegetais/química , Ratos Wistar , Úlcera Gástrica/induzido quimicamente , Úlcera Gástrica/tratamento farmacológico , Úlcera Gástrica/patologia , Antiulcerosos/química , Etanol/química , Indometacina/efeitos adversos , Estresse Oxidativo , Modelos Teóricos , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismoRESUMO
Bryophyllum pinnatum (Crassulaceae) is used in traditional medicine for treating skin wounds. In our previous study, a topical gel containing B. pinnatum aqueous leaf extract showed a preclinical anti-inflammatory effect in in vivo acute edema models. In continuation, the present study aims to evaluate the phytochemical content and the stability of a formulation in gel containing B. pinnatum aqueous leaf extract and its healing properties and mechanism of action through an experimental model of induction of skin wounds in rats and in vitro assays. The animals were treated topically for 7 or 14 days with a formulation in gel containing extract at 5% or a placebo or Fibrinase® in cream. In addition, to establish some quality control parameters, the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and a study focusing on the phytochemical and biological stability of a gel for 30 days at two different conditions (room temperature and 40°C/75% RH) were performed. Gel formulation containing extract showed a TPC and TFC of 2.77 ± 0.06 mg of gallic acid/g and 1.58 ± 0.03 mg of quercetin/g, respectively. Regarding the stability study, the formulation in gel showed no significant change in the following parameters: pH, water activity, chromatographic profile, and the content of the major compound identified in the extract. The gel formulation containing extract stimulated skin wound healing while reducing the wound area, as well as decreasing the inflammatory infiltrate, reducing the levels of IL-1ß and TNF-α, and stimulating angiogenesis with increased expression of VEGF, an effect similar to Fibrinase. In conclusion, the gel formulation containing extract exhibited relevant skin wound healing properties and, therefore, has the potential to be applied as a novel active ingredient for developing wound healing pharmaceuticals.
RESUMO
Introducción: en la obstetricia se realizan algunas prácticas que producen daños significativos a la madre o a su bebé, aunque no siempre se admite su ejecución. Un ejemplo es la maniobra de Kristeller, cuya aplicación es controvertida. Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia con que se realizó la maniobra de Kristeller en una muestra de mujeres atendidas en la maternidad del Hospital San Felipe de Tegucigalpa. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, que se realizó en el período comprendido entre los meses de marzo a mayo del 2018. Se incluyeron un total de 376 pacientes. Las variables estudiadas fueron: hora del parto, paridad, profesional que atendió y supervisó el parto, profesional que realizó la maniobra de Kristeller, complicaciones maternas y neonatales observadas. Resultados: se encontró una frecuencia de maniobra de Kristeller de 12.2 % (46/376). Conclusiones: ser primigesta incrementó el riesgo de que se le aplicara la maniobra Kristeller (OR: 3.11, IC:95%, p=0.0002), dentro de los factores protectores se encontraron ser multípara (OR:0.25, IC:95%, p=0.00004) y, haber sido atendida por una licenciada en enfermería (OR: 0.34, IC:95%, p=0.0097). La maniobra de Kristeller aumentó el riesgo de complicaciones maternas en 12.5 veces (OR: 17.6, IC:95%, p=0.0000000019) y 6.5 veces en el neonato (OR: 7.7 IC:95%, p=0.0000578)...(AU)