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INTRODUCTION: Connections are common communications between 2similar anatomical elements. Some of the most common are in the forearm between the median and ulnar nerves and are clinically important because they produce variations in motor and sensory innervation and can cause confusion when diagnosing peripheral nerve pathology. METHOD: Descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study. A total of 127 patients older than 18 years were studied, electromyography was performed on the upper limbs and the frequency of presentation of the connections was obtained. RESULT: The Riche-Cannieu connection was present in 16.5% of the total patients studied, of which 42.9% presented in the left arm and 89.3% in isolation. The Marinacci connection was the second in frequency with 15.7%, of which 40% was presented in the left arm and 45.8% coexisted with another connection. The Berrettini connection was the third in frequency with 9.4%, 50% presented in the left arm and 53.3% of the sample was found in isolation. Martin-Grüber's connection was the least frequent at 7.1% of our cases, of which 44.5% presented bilaterally and 90% associated with another connection. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that of the 4types of connection studied the most frequent in our environment was the Riche-Cannieu with predominance of the left arm and in isolation.
Assuntos
Eletromiografia , Nervo Mediano/fisiologia , Nervo Ulnar/fisiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Nervo Mediano/anatomia & histologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peru , Nervo Ulnar/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Hip fracture is considered the most serious consequence of falls and osteoporosis. 18% of women will suffer one and 25% die in the first year. Only 73% of survivors will walk as they did previously. We know little about the assistance and evolution of it in Mexico. Our goal was to review the current state of Mexican literature on hip fracture, compare Mexican studies with each other and with quality indicators. METHODS: We conducted a search of Mexican articles published between 2000-2017 with the key words: hip fracture, elderly, Mexico and hip fracture (in English) in the databases PubMed, EBSCO and Bibliomed. RESULTS: Twenty-one articles were included. No clinical trials, multidisciplinary unit reports, records, or meta-analyses were found. The average age was 76.9 years and 67.2% were women. No papers were found to report quality indicators. Comorbidity is reported little. The most common complications of hip fractures were delirium, pneumonia and pressure ulcers. Mortality in the acute phase was 0.97 to 12.5%. Special units were not reported. The cost of care oscillated between 1,261 and 13,641 USD. CONCLUSIONS: The scientific information on hip fractures in Mexico is sparse, heterogeneous and does not allow for conclusive results. Increasing the amount and quality of research in hip fractures in Mexico is required. It would also be advisable to disseminate the usefulness of multidisciplinary teams and registry of hip fractures, which would help to improve attention.
INTRODUCCIÓN: La fractura de cadera (FC) se considera la consecuencia más grave de las caídas y la osteoporosis. Dieciocho por ciento de las mujeres sufrirán una FC y 25% muere en el primer año. Sólo 73% de los supervivientes caminará como lo hacía previamente. Conocemos poco de la asistencia y evolución de la FC en México. OBJETIVO: Revisar el estado actual de la literatura mexicana sobre FC, comparar estudios mexicanos entre sí y con los indicadores de calidad. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos mexicanos publicados entre 2000 y 2017 con las palabras clave: fractura de cadera, ancianos, México y hip fracture en las bases de datos PubMed, EBSCO y Bibliomed. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 22 artículos. No se encontraron ensayos clínicos, informes de unidades multidisciplinarias, registros, ni metaanálisis. La media de edad fue de 76.9 años y 67.2% fueron mujeres. No se encontraron trabajos que reportaran indicadores de calidad. La comorbilidad se describe poco. Las complicaciones más frecuentes de la FC fueron delirium, neumonía y úlceras por presión. La mortalidad en la fase aguda fue de 0.97 a 12.5%. No se reportaron unidades ortogeriátricas. El costo de atención osciló entre 1,261 y 13,641 dólares estadounidenses (USD). CONCLUSIONES: La información científica sobre FC en México es escasa, heterogénea y no permite obtener resultados concluyentes. Se requiere aumentar la cantidad y la calidad de la investigación en FC en México. Sería también conveniente difundir la utilidad de los equipos multidisciplinarios y registros de FC, lo que contribuiría a mejorar la atención.
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Fraturas do Quadril , Idoso , Feminino , Fraturas do Quadril/terapia , Humanos , México , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à SaúdeRESUMO
La encefalitis frente al receptor de N-metil-D-aspartato (NMDAR) está incluida en el grupo de las encefalitis autoinmunes. Es más frecuente en mujeres en edad reproductiva. Las manifestaciones clínicas iniciales pueden ser similares a los pródromos de las infecciones virales. En ocasiones se asocia con la presencia de neoplasias. El diagnóstico oportuno y la instauración precoz del tratamiento inmunomodulador es determinante en el pronóstico. En el presente artículo, se realiza una revisión de la literatura y se presentan dos casos de encefaltis anti-NMDAR en diferentes edades de la vida.
Encephalitis against N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is included in the group of autoimmune encephalitis. It is more common in women in reproductive age. The first clinical features may be similar to viral infections prodromes. It is sometimes related to neoplasms. The accurate diagnosis and early administration of immunomodulatory therapy is critical to the prognosis. In this article, a review of the literature was performed and two cases of anti-NMDAR encephalitis in different stages of life are presented.
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A cross-sectional evaluation of dental caries in primary teeth and nutritional status was conducted involving 285 Peruvian children from low socioeconomic conditions aged 3-9 y. Forty-nine percent of the children were found to be chronically malnourished (stunted) whereas acute malnutrition (wasting) was infrequent (2%). Stunted children showed a delayed exfoliation of primary teeth. The caries prevalence curve as a function of age (ie, a plot of decayed, extracted, and filled teeth vs age) was found to be shifted to the right by approximately 15 mo in stunted children as compared with well-nourished children. Children aged 7-9 y with stunted growth showed a significantly higher percentage of carious teeth than did well-nourished children of the same age (40 and 29%, respectively; p less than 0.005). Nutritional deficits that lead to chronic malnutrition not only may affect tooth exfoliation but also appear to render the primary teeth more susceptible to caries attack later in life.
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Cárie Dentária/etiologia , Distúrbios Nutricionais/complicações , Esfoliação de Dente/etiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Peru , Fatores SocioeconômicosAssuntos
Cárie Dentária/etiologia , Distúrbios Nutricionais/complicações , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Doença Crônica , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Peru , Dente DecíduoRESUMO
A recently described, distinct form of male sexual precocity is characterized by premature Leydig and germinal cell maturation in the absence of pituitary gonadotropin stimulation. Analysis of a nine-generation kindred with at least 28 affected males supports sex-limited autosomal dominant transmission. Three boys, with precocious sexual development at 1 to 4 years of age, had low basal plasma gonadotropin values without pubertal-type pulsatility and a minimal rise in luteinizing hormone after acute stimulation with luteinizing hormone releasing factor or its potent analog D-Trp6-Pro9-NEt-LRF, distinguishing them from boys with true precocious puberty. Two affected adults had a mature luteinizing hormone response to LRF. Testicular biopsies showed a progression of abnormalities in the seminiferous tubules from childhood to maturity; in one adult this disorder was associated with marked oligospermia and selective elevation of plasma follicle-stimulating hormone. The findings are consistent with an inherited intratesticular defect. Furthermore, the majority of cases of familial male sexual precocity seem to be examples of this disorder rather than central or true precocious puberty.
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Gonadotropinas Hipofisárias/sangue , Puberdade Precoce/genética , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Gonadotropina Coriônica/farmacologia , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/sangue , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/farmacologia , Gonadotropinas Hipofisárias/fisiologia , Humanos , Células Intersticiais do Testículo/patologia , Hormônio Luteinizante/sangue , Masculino , Linhagem , Testículo/patologia , Testosterona/sangueRESUMO
Tumors of the nervous system are the third most common malignant disease in Cuban children, after leukemia and lymphoma. In 138 patients with the diagnosis of brain tumor results of treatment by surgery and radiation were studied. The survival rate at 1, 3 and 5 years was 50, 40 and 37.6%. The best results were achieved in astrocytomas, mid grain and brain stem tumors and oligodendrogliomas.