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As holobiont, a plant is intrinsically connected to its microbiomes. However, some characteristics of these microbiomes, such as their taxonomic composition, biological and evolutionary role, and especially the drivers that shape them, are not entirely elucidated. Reports on the microbiota of Arabidopsis thaliana first appeared more than ten years ago. However, there is still a lack of a comprehensive understanding of the vast amount of information that has been generated using this holobiont. The main goal of this review was to perform an in-depth, exhaustive, and systematic analysis of the literature regarding the Arabidopsis-microbiome interaction. A core microbiota was identified as composed of a few bacterial and non-bacterial taxa. The soil (and, to a lesser degree, air) were detected as primary microorganism sources. From the plant perspective, the species, ecotype, circadian cycle, developmental stage, environmental responses, and the exudation of metabolites were crucial factors shaping the plant-microbe interaction. From the microbial perspective, the microbe-microbe interactions, the type of microorganisms belonging to the microbiota (i.e., beneficial or detrimental), and the microbial metabolic responses were also key drivers. The underlying mechanisms are just beginning to be unveiled, but relevant future research needs were identified. Thus, this review provides valuable information and novel analyses that will shed light to deepen our understanding of this plant holobiont and its interaction with the environment.
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The goal of the present study was to propose a set of preliminary regional diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for pediatric interventional cardiology (IC) procedures in Latin America and the Caribbean countries, classified by age and weight groups. The study was conducted in the framework of the Optimization of Protection in Pediatric Interventional Radiology in Latin America and the Caribbean program coordinated by the World Health Organization and the Pan American Health Organization in cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency. The first step of the program was focused on pediatric IC. Dose data from diagnostic and therapeutic procedures were collected between December 2020 and December 2021. Regional DRLs were set as the third quartile of patient dose data (kerma area product) collected in 18 hospitals from 10 countries in an initial sample of 968 procedures. DRLs were set for four age bands and five weight ranges. The values obtained for the four age bands (<1 yr, 1 to <5 yr, 5 to <10 yr and 10 to <16 yr) were 2.9, 6.1, 8.8 and 14.4 Gy cm2for diagnostic procedures, and 4.0, 5.0, 10.0 and 38.1 Gy cm2for therapeutic procedures, respectively. The values obtained for the five weight bands (<5 kg, 5 to <15 kg, 15 to <30 kg, 30 to <50 kg and 50 to <80 kg) were 3.0, 4.5, 8.1, 9.2 and 26.8 Gy cm2for diagnostic procedures and 3.7, 4,3, 7.3, 16.1 and 53.4 Gy cm2for therapeutic procedures, respectively. While initial data were collected manually as patient dose management systems (DMSs) were not available in most of the hospitals involved in the program, a centralized automatic DMS for the collection and management of patient dose indicators has now been introduced and is envisaged to increase the sample size. The possibility of alerting on high dose values and introducing corrective actions will help in optimization.
Assuntos
Cardiologia , Níveis de Referência de Diagnóstico , Cardiologia/métodos , Criança , Fluoroscopia , Humanos , América Latina , Doses de Radiação , Radiografia Intervencionista/métodos , Radiologia Intervencionista , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
ZnO particles were synthetized by the sol-gel method and subsequent heat treatment of 400, 500 and 600 °C was applied. The nano ZnO particles were incorporated to the unsaturated polyester resin by solution blending at 0.05 wt % concentration. X-ray diffraction detected the formation of a wurtzite-like structure. Viscoelastic behavior of neat polyester and nanocomposites revealed the nano ZnO particles does not promote better mechanical properties because of a weak interaction and the glass transition temperature of the polyester was favored by the presence of a higher quantity of nano-size ZnO particles. Thermogravimetric analysis at 5, 10 and 20 °C/min allowed determining the degradation kinetic parameters based on the Friedman and Kissinger models for neat polyester and nanocomposites. Heating rates promoted an increase in the temperature degradation and the addition of ZnO particles promoted a catalyst effect that reduce the amount of thermal energy needed to start the thermal degradation.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion (FETO) on improving survival of fetuses with severe left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), as compared with contemporaneous cases managed expectantly during pregnancy, in a country with suboptimal neonatal management. METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, consecutive fetuses with isolated left-sided CDH, normal karyotype and severe pulmonary hypoplasia (defined as liver herniation and observed/expected lung-to-head circumference ratio below 26%) were selected for FETO at less than 32 weeks of gestation in a single tertiary referral center in Queretaro, Mexico. Postnatal outcome (survival up to 28 days after birth) was compared between fetuses treated with FETO and contemporaneous cases with similar lung size managed expectantly during pregnancy. RESULTS: Twenty-five fetuses with isolated severe left-sided CDH treated with FETO were matched individually with 25 cases managed expectantly during pregnancy. Endotracheal placement of the balloon was performed successfully on the first attempt in all cases. The median gestational age (GA) at balloon placement was 29.1 (range, 25.6-31.8) weeks and 34.1 (range, 30.0-36.1) weeks at balloon removal. There were no technical problems with the introduction or removal of the balloon in any cases. The median GA at delivery was significantly lower in the group treated with FETO than in those managed expectantly (35.3 vs 37.7 weeks; P = 0.04). The survival rate was significantly higher in the group treated with FETO than in those without fetal intervention (32% vs 0%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In settings with suboptimal neonatal management, FETO was associated with improved neonatal survival in fetuses with isolated left-sided CDH and severe pulmonary hypoplasia. Copyright © 2020 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Resultado de supervivencia en una hernia diafragmática congénita grave del lado izquierdo, con y sin oclusión traqueal endoscópica fetal en un país con un tratamiento neonatal subóptimo OBJETIVO: Evaluar el impacto de la oclusión traqueal endoscópica fetal (OTEF) en la mejora de la supervivencia de los fetos con hernia diafragmática congénita (HDC) grave del lado izquierdo, en comparación con los casos actuales tratados como embarazo gestante, en un país con un tratamiento neonatal subóptimo. MÉTODOS: En este estudio prospectivo de cohortes, se seleccionaron fetos consecutivos con HDC aislada del lado izquierdo, cariotipo normal e hipoplasia pulmonar grave (definida como hernia hepática y una proporción observada/esperada de la circunferencia pulmonar-cabeza inferior al 26%) para una OTEF antes de las 32 semanas de gestación, en un único centro de medicina especializada terciaria en Querétaro (México). El resultado postnatal (supervivencia hasta los 28 días después del nacimiento) se comparó entre fetos tratados con OTEF y los casos contemporáneos con tamaño pulmonar similar, tratados como embarazo gestante. RESULTADOS: Veinticinco fetos con HDC grave aislada del lado izquierdo que habían sido tratados con OTEF fueron emparejados individualmente con 25 casos tratados como embarazo gestante. La colocación endotraqueal del globo se realizó con éxito en el primer intento en todos los casos. La mediana de la edad gestacional (EG) en el momento de la colocación del globo fue de 29,1 (rango, 25,6-31,8) semanas y 34,1 (rango, 30,0-36,1) semanas cuando se retiró el globo. En ningún caso hubo problemas técnicos con la introducción o la retirada del globo. La mediana de la EG en el momento del parto fue significativamente menor en el grupo tratado con OTEF que en el grupo tratado como gestante (35,3 vs 37,7 semanas; P=0,04). La tasa de supervivencia fue significativamente más alta en el grupo tratado con OTEF que en los casos sin intervención fetal (32% vs 0%; P<0,001). CONCLUSIÓN: En los entornos con un tratamiento neonatal subóptimo, la OTEF se asoció con una mejora de la supervivencia neonatal en los fetos con HDC aislada del lado izquierdo y con hipoplasia pulmonar grave. Copyright © 2020 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Oclusão com Balão/mortalidade , Fetoscopia/mortalidade , Hérnias Diafragmáticas Congênitas/cirurgia , Pulmão/anormalidades , Traqueia/cirurgia , Oclusão com Balão/métodos , Cefalometria , Feminino , Fetoscopia/métodos , Feto/diagnóstico por imagem , Feto/embriologia , Feto/cirurgia , Hérnias Diafragmáticas Congênitas/embriologia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Pulmão/embriologia , México , Gravidez , Cuidado Pré-Natal/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Prospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Traqueia/embriologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal , Conduta Expectante/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Arthroscopic surgery of the hip has evolved significantly over the last years, offering an opportunity of treatment in several intra-articular pathologies. Recent methods and instrumental advances have allowed more frequent use of this procedure, with various indications such as: hip pain, acetabular labrum lesions, extraction of foreign bodies, debridement in septic arthritis, pincer impingement, and some extra-articular injuries. Another intra-articular hip pathology that benefits from arthroscopic assistance could be found in the management of simple acetabular fractures. Therefore, this report presents the case of a patient with a posterior column fracture treated with an arthroscopic approach. Arthroscopic techniques for the fixation of intra-articular fractures offer the advantage of a direct visualization of the articular surface, which results in an anatomical reduction. In addition, arthroscopic techniques also present a benefit for intra-articular injuries such as the posterior labral lesion in this case. In simple fractures of the posterior acetabular column with minimum displacement, where percutaneous screw fixation is useful as a definitive fixation method, hip arthroscopy is useful for the reduction process and verifies the extra-articular screw trajectory.
La cirugía artroscópica de la cadera ha evolucionado considerablemente en los últimos años, ofreciendo oportunidad de tratamiento a muchas patologías intraarticulares no reconocidas previamente. Con avances recientes en métodos e instrumentos quirúrgicos, se realiza cada vez más frecuentemente, con indicaciones que incluyen: diagnóstico de pacientes con dolor de cadera, lesiones del labrum acetabular, extracción de cuerpos extraños, desbridamiento en artritis séptica, pinzamiento femoroacetabular y algunos daños extraarticulares. Otra patología intraarticular de la cadera que se beneficia de la asistencia por artroscopía se podría encontrar en el manejo de fracturas acetabulares simples. Reportamos el caso de un paciente con fractura de columna posterior acetabular, tratado vía artroscópica, y los resultados obtenidos. Las técnicas artroscópicas para la fijación de fracturas intraarticulares ofrecen la ventaja de una visualización y reducción superiores de la superficie articular, ya que se hacen mediante observación del foco de fractura, permitiendo una reducción anatómica. Además, las técnicas de reducción artroscópica ofrecen otro beneficio para las lesiones intraarticulares, como en este caso la lesión de labrum posterior. En los trazos simples con poco desplazamiento de las fracturas de columna posterior acetabular, donde la fijación percutánea con tornillos es útil como método de fijación definitiva, la artroscopía de cadera es de utilidad con el fin de asistir durante el proceso de reducción y verificar que el trayecto del tornillo no se encuentre intraarticular.
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Artroscopia , Fraturas do Quadril , Acetábulo/diagnóstico por imagem , Acetábulo/cirurgia , Parafusos Ósseos , Articulação do Quadril , HumanosRESUMO
Certain color patterns in insects show convergent evolution reflecting potentially important biological functions, for example, aposematism and mimicry. This phenomenon has been most frequently documented in Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, but has been less well investigated in Hymenoptera. It has long been recognized that many hymenopterans, especially scelionids (Platygastridae), show a recurring pattern of black head, orange/red mesosoma, and black metasoma (BOB coloration). However, the taxonomic distribution of this striking color pattern has never been documented across the entire order. The main objective of our research was to provide a preliminary tabulation of this color pattern in Hymenoptera, through examination of museum specimens and relevant literature. We included 11 variations of the typical BOB color pattern but did not include all possible variations. These color patterns were found in species belonging to 23 families of Hymenoptera, and was most frequently observed in scelionids, evaniids, and mutillids, but was relatively infrequent in Cynipoids, Diaprioids, Chalcidoids, and Apoids. The widespread occurrence of this color pattern in Hymenoptera strongly suggests convergent evolution and a potentially important function. The BOB color pattern was found in species from all biogeographic regions and within a species it was usually present in both sexes (with a few notable exceptions). In better studied tropical regions, such as Costa Rica, this color pattern was more common in species occurring at lower elevations (below 2,000 m). The biology of the tabulated taxa encompasses both ecto- and endoparasitoids, idiobionts and koinobionts, from a diversity of hosts, as well as phytophagous sawflies.
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Himenópteros , Pigmentação , Animais , Cor , Feminino , MasculinoRESUMO
Resumen: Objetivo: Demostrar los resultados en la neoformación ósea de tibia utilizando la técnica de inducción de membrana más la transposición de peroné ipsolateral no vascularizado. Caso clínico: Masculino de 25 años, antecedente de sufrir impacto por arma de fuego en pierna izquierda dos años antes, presentó un diagnóstico inicial de fractura expuesta Gustilo IIIB AO 42C3 IO4NV1MT2 con pérdida ósea de 7 cm de diáfisis tibial. Durante su evolución se realizaron múltiples aseos quirúrgicos y colocación de injertos cutáneos con resultados no favorables, por lo que se emplea la técnica de membrana inducida más colocación de peroné ipsolateral no vascularizado, teniendo una evolución a los cuatro meses posterior a su última intervención con deambulación dependiente de bastón. Conclusión: La técnica de inducción de membrana con transposición de peroné ipsolateral no vascularizado podría ser una alternativa adecuada para el manejo de pérdidas óseas en los pacientes.
Abstract: Objective: To demonstrate the outcome of tibial bone neo formation, using induced-membrane technique and non-vascularized ipsolateral fibular graft transposition. Case report: A 25 years old male with a 2 years ago firearm injury in left leg, presenting an initial diagnosis of open fracture Gustilo IIIB AO 42C3 IO4NV1MT2 with a 7cm tibial diaphyseal bone defect. During his hospital evolution multiple interventions were made including surgical debridement and skin grafts placement, with unfavorable results. Therefore, we decided to use the induced-membrane technique and non-vascularized ipsolateral fibular graft transposition, resulting in a cane dependent ambulation, in 4 months evolution after last intervention. Conclusion: Induced-membrane technique and non-vascularized ipsolateral fibular graft transposition could be a successful alternative for the management of patients with severe bone loss.
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Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Tíbia/cirurgia , Transplante Ósseo , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica , Fíbula , Fíbula/cirurgia , Transplante de Pele , Resultado do Tratamento , Fraturas Expostas/cirurgiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the outcome of tibial bone neo formation, using induced-membrane technique and non-vascularized ipsolateral fibular graft transposition. CASE REPORT: A 25 years old male with a 2 years ago firearm injury in left leg, presenting an initial diagnosis of open fracture Gustilo IIIB AO 42C3 IO4NV1MT2 with a 7cm tibial diaphyseal bone defect. During his hospital evolution multiple interventions were made including surgical debridement and skin grafts placement, with unfavorable results. Therefore, we decided to use the induced-membrane technique and non-vascularized ipsolateral fibular graft transposition, resulting in a cane dependent ambulation, in 4 months evolution after last intervention. CONCLUSION: Induced-membrane technique and non-vascularized ipsolateral fibular graft transposition could be a successful alternative for the management of patients with severe bone loss.
OBJETIVO: Demostrar los resultados en la neoformación ósea de tibia utilizando la técnica de inducción de membrana más la transposición de peroné ipsolateral no vascularizado. CASO CLÍNICO: Masculino de 25 años, antecedente de sufrir impacto por arma de fuego en pierna izquierda dos años antes, presentó un diagnóstico inicial de fractura expuesta Gustilo IIIB AO 42C3 IO4NV1MT2 con pérdida ósea de 7 cm de diáfisis tibial. Durante su evolución se realizaron múltiples aseos quirúrgicos y colocación de injertos cutáneos con resultados no favorables, por lo que se emplea la técnica de membrana inducida más colocación de peroné ipsolateral no vascularizado, teniendo una evolución a los cuatro meses posterior a su última intervención con deambulación dependiente de bastón. CONCLUSIÓN: La técnica de inducción de membrana con transposición de peroné ipsolateral no vascularizado podría ser una alternativa adecuada para el manejo de pérdidas óseas en los pacientes.
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Transplante Ósseo , Fíbula , Fraturas Expostas , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica , Tíbia , Adulto , Fíbula/cirurgia , Fraturas Expostas/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Transplante de Pele , Tíbia/cirurgia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The C. elegans NB327 mutant strain is characterized for the knockdown of the dic-1 gene. The dic-1 gene is homologous to the dice-1 gene in humans, encoding the protein DICE-1 as a tumor suppressor. Absence or under-regulation of the dice-1 gene can be reflected in lung and prostate cancer [17], [18]. This study evaluated the effect of EEAML on the C. elegans NB327 mutant strain. Phenotypic aspects such as morphology, body length, locomotion, and reproductive behaviour were analyzed. It is important to emphasize that the strain presents a phenotype characteristic with respect to egg laying and hatching. Reported studies showed that Annona muricata extract and its active components evidence anti-cancer and anti-tumor effects, through experimentation in vivo and in vitro models. However, neurotoxicity has been reported as a side effect. The results showed that the mutant strain NB327 was exposed to EEAML (5 mg/ml) concentration, it showed a significant decrease in average locomotion, resulting in 13 undulations in 30 s. This contrasts with the control strain's 17.5 undulations in 30 s. Similarly, the number of progenies was reduced from 188 progenies (control strain) to 114 and 92 progenies at the dose of (1 mg/ml and 5 mg/m) EEAML. The results of this study suggest that EEAML has a possible neurotoxic effect in concentrations equal to or greater than 5 mg/ml. Also, it does not have positive effects on the mutant strain of Caenorhabditis elegans NB327 phenotype.
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A sentinel-based outpatient and inpatient surveillance for rotavirus infection has been implemented in Chile. Aim: Update the impact of rotavirus infections in Chile. Methods: Ambulatory surveillance is performed in 14 centers from 8 Regions and hospital-based surveillance in 8 hospitals from three Regions (V, VIII and Metropolitan). Results: In 2007, 339 stool samples that represented 9.3 percent of all outpatient cases were studied of which 15 percent were rotavirus positive. A total of 2.074 children younger than 5 years of age were hospitalized representing 9 percent of all hospitalizations for this age group. Rotavirus was detected in 13.6 percent of these cases. Conclusions: In the current epidemiological situation, rotavirus surveillance needs to be sustained with increased efforts to detect cases in order to avoid underreporting. Serotype/genotype surveillance of rotavirus strains needs to be included in the near future.
En Chile, se realiza la vigilancia de gastroenteritis causadas por rotavirus en niños bajo 5 años a través de centros centinelas ambulatorios y hospitalarios. Objetivo: Conocer la epidemiología de las diarreas por rotavirus y evaluar la carga de morbi-mortalidad. Método: La vigilancia ambulatoria se desarrolla en 14 centros de 8 regiones y la vigilancia hospitalaria se lleva a cabo en 8 hospitales pediátricos de las regiones Vª, VIIIªy RM. Resultados: En 2007, 9,3 por ciento de las consultas por diarrea fue estudiada (339), detectándose rotavirus en 15 por ciento de ellas. Se hospitalizaron por diarrea, 2.074 casos, 9 por ciento del total de las hospitalizaciones en este grupo etario. De estas, 13,6 por ciento fueron por rotavirus. Conclusiones: Dada la situación epidemiológica actual, es importante mantener la vigilancia, ampliar la pesquisa de los casos, aplicar el protocolo de vigilancia establecido y determinar el serotipo/genotipo circulante en el país.