RESUMO

Congenital aneurysm or enlargement of the right atrium is a rare condition. Two children operated on at the age of 14 months and 11 years old for congenital aneurysm of the right atrium are reported. Both presented cardiomegaly and symptoms of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Diagnosis was established by echocardiography. Surgical resection was successful. Both patients are free of symptoms and their chest X-ray and echocardiogram are normal. The first patient is now in her 17th postoperative year. The patients' evolution suggests that the surgery is a curative procedure.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract Congenital aneurysm or enlargement of the right atrium is a rare condition. Two children operated on at the age of 14 months and 11 years old for congenital aneurysm of the right atrium are reported. Both presented cardiomegaly and symptoms of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Diagnosis was established by echocardiography. Surgical resection was successful. Both patients are free of symptoms and their chest X-ray and echocardiogram are normal. The first patient is now in her 17th postoperative year. The patients' evolution suggests that the surgery is a curative procedure.

Assuntos

RESUMO

FUNDAMENTO: Idade maior a 80 anos não é, por si só, o único fator de risco para a mortalidade em revascularização miocárdica. OBJETIVO: Identificar fatores de risco para a mortalidade em pacientes octogenários submetidos a revascularização miocárdica. MÉTODOS: Estudamos 164 pacientes, com idade igual ou maior a 80 anos. As variáveis estudadas foram: sexo, idade (em anos), fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE), reoperação, cirurgia de emergência, número de artérias revascularizadas, uso da artéria torácica interna esquerda (ATIE), uso de circulação extracorpórea (CEC), cirurgia associada, revascularização da artéria interventricular anterior (AIVA) e uso de balão intra-aórtico (BIA). A análise estatística foi feita por meio de análises descritiva, univariada e multivariada por regressão logística. Foram considerados significância estatística os valores de p < 0,05, e a análise multivariada foi realizada com variáveis cujo valor era p < 0,20. RESULTADOS: A mortalidade foi de 11 por cento. Na análise univariada, evidenciou-se que baixa FEVE (p = 0,008), cirurgia de emergência (p < 0,001) e uso de balão intra-aórtico (p = 0,049) relacionaram-se à maior chance de mortalidade. Ao ajustar pela regressão logística, revelou-se que a idade acima de 85 anos correlacionou-se com uma chance de mortalidade 6,31 vezes maior (p = 0,012) e que a cirurgia de emergência esteve relacionada a uma chance de mortalidade 55,39 vezes maior (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Em octogenários submetidos a cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica, idade superior a 85 anos e cirurgia de emergência são fatores preditivos importantes de maior mortalidade.

BACKGROUND: The complexity of reentrant circuits related to ventricular tachycardias decreases the success rate of radiofrequency ablation procedures. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the epicardial mapping with multiple electrodes carried out simultaneously with the endocardial mapping helps in ablation procedures of sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) in patients with nonischemic heart disease. METHODS: Twenty-six patients with recurrent sustained VT, of which 22 (84.6 percent) presenting chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy, 2 (7.7 percent) with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and 2 with right ventricular arrhythmogenic dysplasia (RVAD), were submitted to epicardial mapping with two or three microcatheters, with 8 electrodes each, simultaneously to the conventional endocardial mapping. A catheter with a 4-mm tip was used for the ablation by radiofrequency (RF) carried out during the induced VT. RESULTS: Of the 33 induced VT, 25 were mapped and 20 had their origin defined. Eleven had epicardial and 9 had endocardial origin. The programmed ventricular stimulation did not induce sustained VT in 11 (42.0 percent) of the 26 patients after the ablation. Events such as VT recurrence and death occurred in 10.0 percent of the patients submitted to successful ablation and in 59.0 percent of the unsuccessful cases, during a mean ambulatory follow-up of 357 ± 208 days. CONCLUSION: Subepicardial circuits are frequent in patients with nonischemic heart disease. The epicardial mapping with multiple catheters carried out simultaneously with the endocardial mapping contributes to the identification of these circuits in a same procedure.

FUNDAMENTO: Edad mayor a 80 años no es, por si sola, el único factor de riesgo para la mortalidad en revascularización miocárdica. OBJETIVO: Identificar factores de riesgo para la mortalidad en pacientes octogenarios sometidos a revascularización miocárdica. MÉTODOS: Estudiamos 164 pacientes, con edad igual o mayor a 80 años. Las variables estudiadas fueron: sexo, edad (en años), fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo (FEVI), reoperación, cirugía de emergencia, número de arterias revascularizadas, uso de la arteria torácica interna izquierda (ATII), uso de circulación extracorpórea (CEC), cirugía asociada, revascularización de la arteria interventricular anterior (AIVA) y uso de balón intraaórtico (BIA). El análisis estadístico fue hecho por medio de análisis descriptivo, univariado y multivariado por regresión logística. Fueron considerados de significación estadística los valores de p < 0,05, y el análisis multivariado fue realizado con variables cuyo valor era p < 0,20. RESULTADOS: La mortalidad fue de 11 por ciento. En el análisis univariado, se evidenció que baja FEVI (p=0,008), cirugía de emergencia (p < 0,001) y uso de balón intraaórtico (p=0,049) se relacionaron a mayor posibilidad de mortalidad. Al ajustar por regresión logística, se reveló que la edad encima de 85 años se correlacionó con una posibilidad de mortalidad 6,31 veces mayor (p=0,012) y que la cirugía de emergencia estuvo relacionada a una posibilidad de mortalidad 55,39 veces mayor (p < 0,001). CONCLUSIÓN: En octogenarios sometidos a cirugía de revascularización miocárdica, edad superior a 85 años y cirugía de emergencia son factores predictivos importantes de mayor mortalidad.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Age over 80 years, by itself, is not the only risk factor for mortality in coronary artery bypass grafting. OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for mortality in octogenarian patients undergoing CABG. METHODS: We studied 164 patients aged 80 years and over. The variables studied were: gender; age (in years); ejection fraction (LVEF); reoperation; emergency surgery; number of revascularized arteries; use of the left internal thoracic artery (LITA); use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB); associated surgery; revascularization of the left anterior descending artery (DA); and use of intra-aortic balloon (IAB). Statistical analysis was done using descriptive analysis, univariate and multivariate logistic regression. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant, and multivariate analysis was performed for variables whose value was p < 0.20. RESULTS: Mortality was 11%. Univariate analysis showed that low LVEF (p = 0.008), emergency surgery (p < 0.001), and use of intra-aortic balloon (p = 0.049) were related to higher mortality. When adjusted by logistic regression, age over 85 years was correlated with a 6.31 times greater mortality (p = 0.012), and emergency surgery was related to a 55.39 times greater mortality (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In octogenarians undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery, age over 85 years and emergency surgery are important predictors of mortality.

Assuntos

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To evaluate findings of ophthalmologic examinations in cardiac transplant recipients, searching especially for changes in the retinal nerve fiber layer by means of Scanning Laser Polarimetry. METHODS: Fifteen cardiac transplant recipients were examined from September 2003 to July 2004. All of them underwent ophthalmologic examination, which consisted of visual acuity (VA), biomicroscopy, tonometry and fundoscopy. Fiber layer analyzer-GDx-examination was performed in eleven patients. Twelve patients were men. The mean age was 55.0+/-13.5 years. The follow-up since transplantation lasted from 3 to 74 months; mean value 29.7+/-20.8 months. RESULTS: VA with best correction in all patients attained at least 20/40. Subcapsular posterior cataract was seen in one patient; another presented corneal nubeculae secondary to herpes zoster. In one case a scar suggesting retinocoroiditis was seen at fundoscopy. Biomicroscopic and the fundoscopic findings were expected because of immunosuppressive treatment, following transplantation. GDx examination disclosed loss of fibers in the superior retinal fiber layer in 12 of the 22 examined eyes. CONCLUSION: These results support the hypothesis that reduction of oxygen inflow in retinal circulation before or during heart transplantation could lead to loss of fibers in the retinal nerve fiber layer.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os achados oculares, pelo exame oftalmológico, em indivíduos que receberam transplante cardíaco, buscando especialmente investigar possíveis alterações na camada de fibras nervosas da retina com polarímetro de varredura a laser. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 15 indivíduos que receberam transplante cardíaco no período de setembro de 2003 a julho de 2004. Todos foram submetidos a exame que constava de acuidade visual para longe (AVL), biomicroscopia, tonometria e fundoscopia. Onze pacientes foram submetidos ao analisador de fibras nervosas GDx. Doze eram do sexo masculino e a média da idade foi de 55,0 ± 13,5 anos. O tempo decorrido desde o transplante variou de 3 a 74 meses, com média de 29,7 ± 20,8 meses. RESULTADOS: A AVL com melhor correção foi igual ou melhor do que 20/40 em todos os pacientes. Em um deles observou-se a presença de catarata subcapsular posterior; em outro, nubéculas na córnea secundárias a quadro de herpes zoster. À fundoscopia pôde-se observar lesão cicatrizada sugestiva de retinocoroidite em um paciente. As alterações observadas à biomicroscopia e à fundoscopia eram esperadas devido à imunossupressão subseqüente ao transplante. Ao GDx observou-se perda de fibras da camada de fibras nervosas da retina superior em 12 dos 22 olhos avaliados. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados apóiam a suposição de que antes ou durante o transplante cardíaco tenha havido diminuição no aporte de oxigênio à circulação retiniana, levando a perda parcial de fibras da retina.

PURPOSE: To evaluate findings of ophthalmologic examinations in cardiac transplant recipients, searching especially for changes in the retinal nerve fiber layer by means of Scanning Laser Polarimetry. METHODS: Fifteen cardiac transplant recipients were examined from September 2003 to July 2004. All of them underwent ophthalmologic examination, which consisted of visual acuity (VA), biomicroscopy, tonometry and fundoscopy. Fiber layer analyzer - GDx - examination was performed in eleven patients. Twelve patients were men. The mean age was 55.0 ± 13.5 years. The follow-up since transplantation lasted from 3 to 74 months; mean value 29.7 ± 20.8 months. RESULTS: VA with best correction in all patients attained at least 20/40. Subcapsular posterior cataract was seen in one patient; another presented corneal nubeculae secondary to herpes zoster. In one case a scar suggesting retinocoroiditis was seen at fundoscopy. Biomicroscopic and the fundoscopic findings were expected because of immunosuppressive treatment, following transplantation. GDx examination disclosed loss of fibers in the superior retinal fiber layer in 12 of the 22 examined eyes. CONCLUSION: These results support the hypothesis that reduction of oxygen inflow in retinal circulation before or during heart transplantation could lead to loss of fibers in the retinal nerve fiber layer.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a aplicabilidade do Sistema Europeu de Risco em Operações Cardíacas (EuroSCORE) em pacientes submetidos à revascularização miocárdica no Instituto do Coração de Pernambuco. MÉTODO: Durante os anos de 2003 e 2004, 759 pacientes foram submetidos à revascularização miocárdica. Desse total, sete doentes foram excluídos por ausência de informações relativas a algum dos fatores envolvidos na obtenção do EuroSCORE. Para avaliar a aplicabilidade do EuroSCORE, foi realizado o ajuste de um modelo de regressão logística da mortalidade operatória (variável resposta) sobre o EuroSCORE (variável explanatória). A calibração do modelo foi mensurada comparando-se a mortalidade observada com a esperada, utilizando o teste de bondade de ajuste de Hosmer-Lemeshow. A acurácia do modelo foi avaliada através da estatística-c. RESULTADOS: Foram satisfatórias a acurácia do modelo, estimada em 69,9 por cento, e a calibração (valor p do teste de Hosmer-Lemeshow igual a 0,663). A mortalidade total prevista foi praticamente idêntica à observada, 1,7 por cento. O grupo de baixo risco (EuroSCORE: 0-2) tinha 231 pacientes e ocorreram 2 (0,87 por cento) óbitos. O grupo de médio risco (EuroSCORE: 3-5) tinha 268 pacientes e ocorreu 1 (0,37 por cento) óbito. O grupo de alto risco (EuroSCORE: > 6) apresentava 253 pacientes e houve 10 (3,95 por cento) óbitos. As discrepâncias entre as porcentagens de óbitos observadas nesses grupos e aquelas previstas pelo modelo não foram estatisticamente significantes, de acordo com o resultado do teste qui-quadrado (p = 0,624). CONCLUSAO: O EuroSCORE, um índice simples e objetivo, mostrou-se como um preditor satisfatório de mortalidade operatória, em pacientes submetidos à revascularização miocárdica no Instituto do Coração de Pernambuco.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Descrevemos o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, de 36 anos de idade, portadora de lupus eritematoso sistêmico, que sofreu infarto do miocárdio e, posteriormente, desenvolveu aneurisma da parede inferior do ventrículo esquerdo e insuficiência cardíaca. A paciente foi tratada cirurgicamente com bons resultados. A raridade dessa condição é realçada.

Assuntos

RESUMO

We describe an asymptomatic 1-year-old boy who presented a continuous murmur, and was found to have a tunnel between the right atrium and the aorta. The definitive diagnosis was established by both echocardiography and aortography, and surgical interruption of the tunnel was successful. We emphasise the rarity of this condition, and discuss its major features.

Assuntos

RESUMO

We describe the single-stage surgical management of aortic coarctation and coronary artery disease in a 48-year-old man. Through a left thoracotomy, patch aortoplasty with a preserved bovine pericardial patch, and off-pump grafting of the circumflex and left anterior descending coronary arteries with a saphenous vein were performed. The patient had an uneventful recovery.

Assuntos