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PURPOSE: Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with higher rates of autoimmune disease, including noninfectious uveitis. This PRISMA-compliant review and meta-analysis aimed to analyze the correlation between noninfectious uveitis and vitamin D levels. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases for studies, published in English, assessing vitamin D levels in patients diagnosed with noninfectious uveitis. The outcomes of interest were vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D mean level, vitamin D supplementation, and smoking rates. A subgroup analysis of inactive uveitis and active uveitis was performed. The heterogeneity was assessed with Cochrane Q-test and I2 statistics; p > 0.10 and I2 > 50% were considered significant for heterogeneity. Statistical analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.3. RESULTS: 9 studies were included in the meta-analysis comprising a total of 10 711 patients, of whom 1,368 were diagnosed with noninfectious uveitis. Patients with noninfectious uveitis had worse results regarding vitamin D deficiency when compared with the control group (OR 0.58; CI 95% 0.44 to 0.77; p = 0.0002; I2 = 61%). Patients with inactive uveitis had better results towards vitamin D deficiency when compared with active uveitis (OR 5.00; CI 95% 2.84 to 8.81; p < 0.001; I2 = 0%). CONCLUSION: Our research supports the increasing evidence that associates vitamin D deficiency with noninfectious uveitis and its activity. Further investigation into the efficacy of vitamin D screening and supplementation in reducing the recurrence of uveitis is necessary.
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Lupus retinopathy is a clinical manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus in the visual system. It is generally asymptomatic; however, it can become a threatening condition. It is closely associated with the inflammatory activity and higher mortality of systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus retinopathy has several different clinical presentations, such as lupus microangiopathy, vascular occlusion, vasculitis, hypertensive retinopathy associated with lupus nephritis, and autoimmune retinopathy. Although the prevalence and associated factors of lupus retinopathy have been well defined in some parts of the world, there are no data from Latin America, including Brazil. As lupus retinopathy is generally asymptomatic, without a routine fundoscopy, it has been probably underestimated. This review is intended to discuss the epidemiology and risk factors of lupus retinopathy.
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Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico , Nefrite Lúpica , Doenças Retinianas , Humanos , América Latina , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/epidemiologia , Nefrite Lúpica/complicações , Nefrite Lúpica/epidemiologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Purpose: To describe two cases of anterior and intermediate uveitis following yellow fever vaccination with fractional dose. Methods: Case report. Results: Case 1: A 35 year-old healthy woman presented with unilateral anterior uveitis 10 days after the yellow fever vaccination. Testing excluded infectious and rheumatic diseases and the episode was fully recovered after a short course of topical treatment. Case 2: A 21 year-old previously healthy woman presented with blurred vision in the left eye (OS) 14 days after the yellow fever vaccination. The ophthalmic examination of the OS revealed intermediated uveitis. Testing excluded infectious and neurological diseases. After six weeks of treatment with oral prednisone, the ocular inflammation had resolved. Conclusion: Physicians should be aware of the possibility of eye inflammation following the yellow fever vaccination.
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Retina/diagnóstico por imagem , Uveíte Anterior/etiologia , Uveíte Intermediária/etiologia , Vacinação/efeitos adversos , Vacina contra Febre Amarela/efeitos adversos , Administração Oral , Adulto , Dexametasona/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Angiofluoresceinografia , Fundo de Olho , Glucocorticoides/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Prednisona/administração & dosagem , Uveíte Anterior/diagnóstico , Uveíte Intermediária/diagnóstico , Acuidade Visual , Febre Amarela/prevenção & controle , Vírus da Febre Amarela/imunologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the presence of fundus changes in degenerative myopia. METHODS: Forty patients with refractive error of at least -6.00 diopters were selected for ophthalmologic examination followed by posterior pole photograph and echobiometry. RESULTS: We studied 57 eyes of 37 patients with refractive error ranging from -6.25 to -28.50 diopters, with mean -14.05, and axial length ranging from 26.06 to 32.86 mm, with mean 28.01. We found a temporal crescent in 36.5% and a peripapillary one in 20% of the eyes. Choroidal vessels were seen in 35% of the eyes. Posterior pole changes were as follow: posterior staphyloma in 10.5%, Fuchs' spots in 3.5% and lacquer cracks in 1.5%. Peripheral retinal examination revealed paving stone chorioretinal atrophy in 17.5%, white without pressure in 10.5%, lattice degeneration in 5%, retinal tears in 3.5% and retinoschisis in 1.5% of the examined eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Fundus changes that lead to decreased vision are common in patients with degenerative myopia. Peripheral retinal examination is very important in these patients due to the increased risk of retinal detachment.
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Fundo de Olho , Miopia Degenerativa/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Miopia Degenerativa/complicações , Radiografia , Retina/diagnóstico por imagem , Degeneração Retiniana/etiologia , Descolamento Retiniano/etiologiaRESUMO
Congenital retinal macrovessel is a rare vascular anomaly in which a large vessel and its tributaries cross the macula. We describe a case of retinal macrovessel in a patient complaining of decrease in visual acuity.
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Doenças Retinianas/congênito , Vasos Retinianos/anormalidades , Baixa Visão/etiologia , Adulto , Angiofluoresceinografia , Humanos , Masculino , Doenças Retinianas/complicações , Acuidade VisualRESUMO
PURPOSE: Since one of the most implicated factors in corneal endothelial cell loss after phacoemulsification is the ultrasound time, and that the "quick chop" technique utilizes less ultrasound time, the objective of this study was to compare and analyze the reduction of the central corneal endothelial cell density between the patients submitted to the "divide and conquer" and "quick chop" techniques. METHODS: Fifty-six patients with grade 3 senile cataract were prospectively selected and submitted to endocapsular phacoemulsification by the "divide and conquer" (28 patients, group 1) and "quick chop" (28 patients, group 2) techniques. The non-contact corneal central specular microscopy performed pre- and postoperatively at one month, 3 months and 6 months, and the ultrasound time used for each surgery, were verified. RESULTS: We observed that the "divide and conquer" technique spent an average of 2.0 minutes of ultrasound time and the "quick chop", 1.1 minute; that the reduction of the central corneal endothelial cell density was significant for both techniques in the first postoperative month (16.5% in group 1 and 19.4% in group 2) and that the variations in central corneal endothelial cell density that followed, at the 3rd and 6th month were not significant. There was no statistically significant difference between the variation of the central corneal endothelial cell density that occurred with both techniques (Student's "t" test p=0.334; in the 1st postoperative month). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the reduction of central corneal endothelial cell density was not statistically different between the two techniques.