RESUMO

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of synchronization with prostaglandin F2α in Baixadeiro mares during the rainy and dry seasons. Fourteen mares were synchronized by administering two doses of 1 mL prostaglandin PGF 2α and monitored by rectal palpation and ultrasound for the assessment of follicular development and uterine echotexture. Of this total, nine mares allowed the collection of blood, in which the blood was collected by venipuncture of the jugular vein to determine progesterone (P4) by ELISA. Mares showed no differences (P > 0.05) in weight, body score condition (BSC), tone, uterine edema, frequency of ovulation, synchronization interval, estrus, and the total number of follicles between periods. However, there was a difference in large increased follicle diameter (P < 0.05) during the dry season. The average concentrations of P4 in mares differed (P < 0.05) between the pre- and post-ovulatory phases for both seasons and after ovulation, with higher concentrations in the rainy season. Furthermore, statistical differences in daily light (P < 0.05) were observed between the dry and rainy periods. Thus, we conclude that mares from the genetic grouping Baixadeiro showed no reproductive seasonality, though there was a difference in luminosity between the rainy and dry seasons. The treatment with two doses of PGF 2α was effective in synchronizing the mares, promoting the return of estrus in the dry and rainy periods. The mares remaining cyclically active throughout the year provided there were appropriate forage availability and quality levels to allow for normal values of body weight and condition.

RESUMO

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of synchronization with prostaglandin F2α in Baixadeiro mares during the rainy and dry seasons. Fourteen mares were synchronized by administering two doses of 1 mL prostaglandin PGF 2α and monitored by rectal palpation and ultrasound for the assessment of follicular development and uterine echotexture. Of this total, nine mares allowed the collection of blood, in which the blood was collected by venipuncture of the jugular vein to determine progesterone (P4) by ELISA. Mares showed no differences (P > 0.05) in weight, body score condition (BSC), tone, uterine edema, frequency of ovulation, synchronization interval, estrus, and the total number of follicles between periods. However, there was a difference in large increased follicle diameter (P < 0.05) during the dry season. The average concentrations of P4 in mares differed (P < 0.05) between the pre- and post-ovulatory phases for both seasons and after ovulation, with higher concentrations in the rainy season. Furthermore, statistical differences in daily light (P < 0.05) were observed between the dry and rainy periods. Thus, we conclude that mares from the genetic grouping Baixadeiro showed no reproductive seasonality, though there was a difference in luminosity between the rainy and dry seasons. The treatment with two doses of PGF 2α was effective in synchronizing the mares, promoting the return of estrus in the dry and rainy periods. The mares remaining cyclically active throughout the year provided there were appropriate forage availability and quality levels to allow for normal values of body weight and condition.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of synchronization with prostaglandin F2α in Baixadeiro mares during the rainy and dry seasons. Fourteen mares were synchronized by administering two doses of 1 mL prostaglandin PGF 2α and monitored by rectal palpation and ultrasound for the assessment of follicular development and uterine echotexture. Of this total, nine mares allowed the collection of blood, in which the blood was collected by venipuncture of the jugular vein to determine progesterone (P4) by ELISA. Mares showed no differences (P > 0.05) in weight, body score condition (BSC), tone, uterine edema, frequency of ovulation, synchronization interval, estrus, and the total number of follicles between periods. However, there was a difference in large increased follicle diameter (P < 0.05) during the dry season. The average concentrations of P4 in mares differed (P < 0.05) between the pre- and post-ovulatory phases for both seasons and after ovulation, with higher concentrations in the rainy season. Furthermore, statistical differences in daily light (P < 0.05) were observed between the dry and rainy periods. Thus, we conclude that mares from the genetic grouping Baixadeiro showed no reproductive seasonality, though there was a difference in luminosity between the rainy and dry seasons. The treatment with two doses of PGF 2α was effective in synchronizing the mares, promoting the return of estrus in the dry and rainy periods. The mares remaining cyclically active throughout the year provided there were appropriate forage availability and quality levels to allow for normal values of body weight and condition.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar los aspectos de morfoecogenicidad uterina y cuerpo lúteo (CL) y la relación con las concentraciones de progesterona (P4) en yeguas Baixadeiro, durante los períodos lluvioso y seco. Se utilizaron nueve animales, sincronizados con dos dosis de prostaglandina sintética análoga PGF2a, con un intervalo de 10 días y monitorizados mediante palpación transrectal y ecografía cada 48 horas. La ecogenicidad uterina se determinó por el grado de edema y la del CL se clasificó según la organización glandular. La sangre se recogió mediante punción de la vena yugular para determinar las concentraciones de P4 utilizando el método ELISA. El índice de precipitación no mostró diferencia estadística (p <0,05). La tasa de luminosidad difirió entre los períodos (p <0,05). El peso y la CEC no difirieron entre períodos (p <0,05). Entre las yeguas, 88,89% (8/9) ovularon en época de lluvias y 55,56% (5/9) ovularon en época seca, sin diferencia estadística (p <0,05). En cuanto a la morfocogenicidad uterina, no hubo diferencia significativa entre períodos (p< 0,05). Hubo diferencia entre períodos (p> 0,05) para los niveles plasmáticos de P4, con mayor concentración en la época de lluvias. En cuanto a la morfoecogenicidad de CL, se presentaron de centro anecogénico a hiperecogénico. Así, las yeguas del grupo genético...(AU)

The aim of this study was to characterize the aspects of uterine morphology and corpus luteum (CL) and the relationship with progesterone concentrations (P4) of the "Baixadeiro" mares during the rainy and dry periods. Nine animals, synchronized with two doses of prostaglandin PGF2a synthetic analogue, were used at intervals of 10 days and monitored by transrectal palpation and ultrasonography every 48 hours. The uterine echogenicity was determined by the degree of edema and the CL was classified for glandular organization. Blood was collected by jugular vein puncture to determine P4 concentrations by the ELISA method. The rainfall index did not present statistical difference (p <0,05). The luminosity rate differed between the periods (p < 0,05). Weight and ECC did not differ between the periods (p < 0,05). Among the mares, 88,89% (8/9) ovulated in the rainy season while 55,56% (5/9) ovulated in the dry period, with no statistical difference (p < 0,05). As to uterine morphoecogenicity, there was no significant difference between the periods (p < 0,05). There was a difference between periods (p > 0,05) for plasma P4 levels, with the highest concentration during the rainy season. As for the morfoecogenicity of CL, these presented from anechoic center to hyperechogenic. Thus, the mares of the genetic group "Baixadeiro" remained cyclical...(AU)

O objetivo com este trabalho foi caracterizar os aspectos de morfoecogenicidade uterina e de corpo lúteo (CL) e a relação com as concentrações de progesterona (P4) em éguas Baixadeiro, durante os períodos chuvoso e seco. Foram utilizados nove animais, sincronizados com duas doses de análogo sintético de prostaglandina PGF2a, com intervalo de 10 dias e monitorados por palpação transretal e ultrassonografia a cada 48 horas. A ecogenicidade uterina foi determinada pelo grau de edema e a do CL foi classificada quanto à organização glandular. O sangue foi coletado por punção da veia jugular para determinação das concentrações de P4 pelo método ELISA. O índice pluviométrico não apresentou diferença estatística (p < 0,05). A taxa de luminosidade diferiu entre os períodos (p < 0,05). Peso e ECC não diferiram entre os períodos (p < 0,05). Dentre as éguas, 88,89% (8/9) ovularam no período chuvoso enquanto 55,56% (5/9) ovularam no período seco, não havendo diferença estatística (p < 0,05). Quanto à morfoecogenicidade uterina, não houve diferença significativa entre os períodos (p < 0,05). Houve diferença entre períodos (p > 0,05) para os níveis plasmáticos de P4, sendo maior a concentração no período chuvoso. Quanto à morfoecogenicidade de CL, estes apresentaram desde centro anecoico a hiperecogênico. Assim, as éguas do grupamento genético...(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar los aspectos de morfoecogenicidad uterina y cuerpo lúteo (CL) y la relación con las concentraciones de progesterona (P4) en yeguas Baixadeiro, durante los períodos lluvioso y seco. Se utilizaron nueve animales, sincronizados con dos dosis de prostaglandina sintética análoga PGF2a, con un intervalo de 10 días y monitorizados mediante palpación transrectal y ecografía cada 48 horas. La ecogenicidad uterina se determinó por el grado de edema y la del CL se clasificó según la organización glandular. La sangre se recogió mediante punción de la vena yugular para determinar las concentraciones de P4 utilizando el método ELISA. El índice de precipitación no mostró diferencia estadística (p 0,05) para los niveles plasmáticos de P4, con mayor concentración en la época de lluvias. En cuanto a la morfoecogenicidad de CL, se presentaron de centro anecogénico a hiperecogénico. Así, las yeguas del grupo genético...

The aim of this study was to characterize the aspects of uterine morphology and corpus luteum (CL) and the relationship with progesterone concentrations (P4) of the "Baixadeiro" mares during the rainy and dry periods. Nine animals, synchronized with two doses of prostaglandin PGF2a synthetic analogue, were used at intervals of 10 days and monitored by transrectal palpation and ultrasonography every 48 hours. The uterine echogenicity was determined by the degree of edema and the CL was classified for glandular organization. Blood was collected by jugular vein puncture to determine P4 concentrations by the ELISA method. The rainfall index did not present statistical difference (p 0,05) for plasma P4 levels, with the highest concentration during the rainy season. As for the morfoecogenicity of CL, these presented from anechoic center to hyperechogenic. Thus, the mares of the genetic group "Baixadeiro" remained cyclical...

O objetivo com este trabalho foi caracterizar os aspectos de morfoecogenicidade uterina e de corpo lúteo (CL) e a relação com as concentrações de progesterona (P4) em éguas Baixadeiro, durante os períodos chuvoso e seco. Foram utilizados nove animais, sincronizados com duas doses de análogo sintético de prostaglandina PGF2a, com intervalo de 10 dias e monitorados por palpação transretal e ultrassonografia a cada 48 horas. A ecogenicidade uterina foi determinada pelo grau de edema e a do CL foi classificada quanto à organização glandular. O sangue foi coletado por punção da veia jugular para determinação das concentrações de P4 pelo método ELISA. O índice pluviométrico não apresentou diferença estatística (p 0,05) para os níveis plasmáticos de P4, sendo maior a concentração no período chuvoso. Quanto à morfoecogenicidade de CL, estes apresentaram desde centro anecoico a hiperecogênico. Assim, as éguas do grupamento genético...

Assuntos

RESUMO

In 2019, Brazil reached the third place in the world milk production ratio, preceded by the United States of America and India. However, most of the milk consumed by Brazilians is still imported, with export potential increasing as milk production is optimized. In Maranhão, dairy farming has grown over the past 20 years, being mainly composed of small dairy farmers. In order for there to be an improvement in production, an increase in the breeder's income and the productivity of the place, zootechnical, sanitary and reproductive control of the animals on the properties must be carried out. The inclusion of reproductive biotechnologies, such as Fixed Time Artificial Insemination (FTAI), is an important step that raises the technical level of the producer based on genetic improvement, however, the animals must have good nutritional, health and behavioral conditions to be able to use them. Therefore, in this work, the FTAI technique was included in the dairy cows of small breeders in the municipality of Lagoa Grande do Maranhão, in which they fit the required standards. The FTAI hormonal protocol was adopted in 44 dairy cows from 6 farms located in the municipality of Maranhão, in order to favor local milk productivity.

Assuntos

RESUMO

In horses, acid-base balance disorders are common after intense exercise, with metabolic acidosis being the most common after high intensity and short duration exercise. Understanding the processes that cause them is fundamental for procedures, which aimed to improve the physical fitness of horses for athletic purposes, with fewer changes in homeostasis. The present study assessed the effect of barrel racing on acid base balance in Quarter Horse, at the following times: T0 - immediately before training; T1 - immediately after the end of the second course; T2 - one hour after the end of the second course. In T1, there was decrease (P<0.05) in the pH, HCO3 -, pCO2, cBase, tCO2 and strong ion difference concentrations, while the plasma lactate and anion gap increased (P<0.05). It was concluded that barrel racing training caused transient metabolic acidosis in the horses, and hyperlactatemia was still present after an hour of rest.(AU)

As desordens no equilíbrio ácido base são comuns em equinos após exercício intenso. Exercícios de alta intensidade e curta duração ocasionam frequentemente acidose metabólica. Entender as alterações neste equilíbrio é essencial para instituir programas de treinamentos que visam melhorar o condicionamento físico dos equinos atletas, minimizando alterações na homeostasia. O estudo avaliou o efeito do treinamento de três tambores sobre o equilíbrio ácido base em equinos. A avaliação foi realizada nos seguintes tempos: T0 - imediatamente antes do início do treinamento; T1 - imediatamente após o fim do segundo percurso de treinamento; T2 - uma hora após o fim do segundo percurso. Em T1, ocorreu diminuição (P<0,05) nos valores do pH, HCO3 -, pCO2, cBase, tCO2 e diferença de íons fortes, enquanto o lactato e o ânion gap aumentaram (P<0,05). Conclui-se que o treinamento de três tambores causou acidose metabólica passageira nos equinos, sendo que a hiperlactatemia ainda permaneceu manifestada após uma hora de descanso.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

We aimed to assess the effects of melatonin in the in vitro production of bovine embryos. Our experiment was conducted at the Laboratório de Reprodução Animal of the Universidade Estadual do Maranhão. The cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were distributed among treatments at concentrations of 0, 10-1, 10-3 and 10-5 µMol/L melatonin. Our experiment was further divided into two: the first was to assess the effect of different concentrations of melatonin (treatments) on the maturation rate of COCs, and the second was to assess the effects of melatonin treatments on the in vitro production of bovine embryos. The results from the first experiment demonstrated no significant difference between the in vitro maturation rate of the cultivated COCs in treatments with melatonin. In the second experiment, however, melatonin treatments yielded statistically higher cleavage, morula and blastocyst rates in the 10-5 µM group (52.9%, 52.9%, and 35.3%, respectively), and lower rates in the 10-1 µM group (19.5%, 19.5% and 7.8%, respectively), compared to the others. The control group (no melatonin) and the 10-3 µM group showed similar results. We concluded that supplementation of melatonin in the in vitro maturation medium resulted in no improvement in the oocyte maturation rate, but in the in vitro production of embryos at different concentrations, the 10-5 µM group displayed better results, but with no improvement in the variables (P < 0.05).

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da melatonina na produção in vitro de embriões bovinos. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Reprodução Animal da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão. Os complexos cumulus-oócitos (CCOs) foram distribuídos entre os tratamentos 0, 10-1, 10-3 e 10-5 µmol/L de melatonina. A avaliação foi dividida em dois experimentos, onde o primeiro avaliou o efeito dessas diferentes concentrações de melatonina (tratamentos) sobre a taxa de maturação dos CCOs e o segundo, o efeito desses tratamentos com melatonina sobre a produção in vitro de embriões bovinos. Os resultados no primeiro experimento demonstraram não haver diferença significativa na taxa de maturação in vitro dos CCOs cultivados no tratamento com melatonina. No entanto, o tratamento com melatonina no segundo experimento, as taxas de clivagens, mórulas e blastocistos, o grupo 10-5 µM foi estatisticamente superior (52,9%, 52,9% e 35,3%, respectivamente) e o grupo 10-1 µM inferior (19,5%, 19,5% e 7,8%, respectivamente) aos outros grupos. O grupo controle (sem melatonina) e o grupo 10-3 µM obtiveram resultados semelhantes. Concluiu-se que a suplementação da melatonina no meio de maturação in vitro não evidenciou melhoras na taxa de maturação dos oócitos, porém na produção in vitro de embriões em diferentes concentrações, o grupo 10-5 µM apresentou melhores resultados mesmo não havendo melhorias nas variáveis (P<0,05).

Assuntos

RESUMO

We aimed to assess the effects of melatonin in the in vitro production of bovine embryos. Our experiment was conducted at the Laboratório de Reprodução Animal of the Universidade Estadual do Maranhão. The cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were distributed among treatments at concentrations of 0, 10-1, 10-3 and 10-5 µMol/L melatonin. Our experiment was further divided into two: the first was to assess the effect of different concentrations of melatonin (treatments) on the maturation rate of COCs, and the second was to assess the effects of melatonin treatments on the in vitro production of bovine embryos. The results from the first experiment demonstrated no significant difference between the in vitro maturation rate of the cultivated COCs in treatments with melatonin. In the second experiment, however, melatonin treatments yielded statistically higher cleavage, morula and blastocyst rates in the 10-5 µM group (52.9%, 52.9%, and 35.3%, respectively), and lower rates in the 10-1 µM group (19.5%, 19.5% and 7.8%, respectively), compared to the others. The control group (no melatonin) and the 10-3 µM group showed similar results. We concluded that supplementation of melatonin in the in vitro maturation medium resulted in no improvement in the oocyte maturation rate, but in the in vitro production of embryos at different concentrations, the 10-5 µM group displayed better results, but with no improvement in the variables (P < 0.05).(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da melatonina na produção in vitro de embriões bovinos. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Reprodução Animal da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão. Os complexos cumulus-oócitos (CCOs) foram distribuídos entre os tratamentos 0, 10-1, 10-3 e 10-5 µmol/L de melatonina. A avaliação foi dividida em dois experimentos, onde o primeiro avaliou o efeito dessas diferentes concentrações de melatonina (tratamentos) sobre a taxa de maturação dos CCOs e o segundo, o efeito desses tratamentos com melatonina sobre a produção in vitro de embriões bovinos. Os resultados no primeiro experimento demonstraram não haver diferença significativa na taxa de maturação in vitro dos CCOs cultivados no tratamento com melatonina. No entanto, o tratamento com melatonina no segundo experimento, as taxas de clivagens, mórulas e blastocistos, o grupo 10-5 µM foi estatisticamente superior (52,9%, 52,9% e 35,3%, respectivamente) e o grupo 10-1 µM inferior (19,5%, 19,5% e 7,8%, respectivamente) aos outros grupos. O grupo controle (sem melatonina) e o grupo 10-3 µM obtiveram resultados semelhantes. Concluiu-se que a suplementação da melatonina no meio de maturação in vitro não evidenciou melhoras na taxa de maturação dos oócitos, porém na produção in vitro de embriões em diferentes concentrações, o grupo 10-5 µM apresentou melhores resultados mesmo não havendo melhorias nas variáveis (P<0,05).(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: In horses, acid-base balance disorders are common after intense exercise, with metabolic acidosis being the most common after high intensity and short duration exercise. Understanding the processes that cause them is fundamental for procedures, which aimed to improve the physical fitness of horses for athletic purposes, with fewer changes in homeostasis. The present study assessed the effect of barrel racing on acid base balance in Quarter Horse, at the following times: T0 - immediately before training; T1 - immediately after the end of the second course; T2 - one hour after the end of the second course. In T1, there was decrease (P<0.05) in the pH, HCO3 -, pCO2, cBase, tCO2 and strong ion difference concentrations, while the plasma lactate and anion gap increased (P<0.05). It was concluded that barrel racing training caused transient metabolic acidosis in the horses, and hyperlactatemia was still present after an hour of rest.

RESUMO: As desordens no equilíbrio ácido base são comuns em equinos após exercício intenso. Exercícios de alta intensidade e curta duração ocasionam frequentemente acidose metabólica. Entender as alterações neste equilíbrio é essencial para instituir programas de treinamentos que visam melhorar o condicionamento físico dos equinos atletas, minimizando alterações na homeostasia. O estudo avaliou o efeito do treinamento de três tambores sobre o equilíbrio ácido base em equinos. A avaliação foi realizada nos seguintes tempos: T0 - imediatamente antes do início do treinamento; T1 - imediatamente após o fim do segundo percurso de treinamento; T2 - uma hora após o fim do segundo percurso. Em T1, ocorreu diminuição (P<0,05) nos valores do pH, HCO3 -, pCO2, cBase, tCO2 e diferença de íons fortes, enquanto o lactato e o ânion gap aumentaram (P<0,05). Conclui-se que o treinamento de três tambores causou acidose metabólica passageira nos equinos, sendo que a hiperlactatemia ainda permaneceu manifestada após uma hora de descanso.