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AIM: To analyze the relationship between burnout syndrome, cognitive functions, and sBDNF (Serum Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor) in Mexican nurses. METHOD: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. This study target staff nurses working in hospitals in Guanajuato, México. Demographic and working condition data were collected via questionnaire. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used to evaluate burnout. A blood sample were collected and processed by ELISA technique to measure sBDNF. Finally, the General Cognitive Assessment (CAB) of the Cognifit© neuropsychological battery was used to evaluated cognitive functions. RESULTS: Findings showed that there are sociodemographic characteristics and working conditions associated with burnout syndrome among nurses. Furthermore, the data demonstrated a significant decrease in sBDNF levels in burnout nurses and a negative correlation between BDNF levels and burnout syndrome. Additionally, these burnout nurse also revealed significant cognitive impairment in reasoning, memory, and attention as well as total scores of CAB. Interestingly, we found a positive correlation between sBDNF levels and the cognitive deficits in burnout nurse. CONCLUSION: Reduced BDNF levels could be a biological indicator or part of the pathological process of burnout, which could affect cognitive abilities. Reduced cognitive function in nurses has relevant implications and emphasizes the need for specialized preventive strategies because nurses make clinical decisions concerning their patients, whose situations are constantly changing.
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Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo , Esgotamento Profissional , Cognição , Humanos , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/sangue , Esgotamento Profissional/epidemiologia , Esgotamento Profissional/psicologia , México/epidemiologia , Feminino , Adulto , Cognição/fisiologia , Masculino , Estudos Transversais , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem Hospitalar/psicologia , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem Hospitalar/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Well-characterized and standardized extracts of a Mexican genotype of Ganoderma lucidum (Gl), a medicinal mushroom, cultivated on oak sawdust (Gl-1) or oak sawdust plus acetylsalicylic acid (Gl-2, ASA), have been shown to exert antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory, prebiotic, and anticancer properties. However, toxicity analyses still need to be carried out. Different doses of these Gl-1 or Gl-2 extracts were administered to Wistar rats for 14 days in a repeated dose oral toxicity study. We assessed the external clinical signs, biochemical parameters, liver and kidney tissues, injury and inflammation biomarkers, gene expression, inflammatory responses, proinflammatory mediators, and gut microbiota. Gl extracts had no significant adverse, toxic or harmful effects on male and female rats compared to the control groups. No injury or dysfunction were recorded in the kidney or liver, as there were no significant abnormal variations in organ weight, tissue histopathology, serum biochemical parameters (C-reactive protein, creatinine, urea, glucose, ALT and AST transaminases, TC, LDL-c, TG, HDL-c), urinary parameters (creatinine, urea nitrogen, albumin, the albumin-to-creatinine ratio, glucose), injury and inflammatory biomarkers (KIM-1/TIM-1, TLR4, and NF-кB protein expression; IL-1ß, TNF-α and IL-6 gene expression), or the expression of genes linked to cholesterol metabolism (HMG-CoA, Srebp2, Ldlr). Gl-1 and Gl-2 extracts showed prebiotic effects on the gut microbiota of male and female Wistar rats. Bacterial diversity and relative bacterial abundance (BRA) increased, positively modulating the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. The ASA (10 mM) added to the substrate used for mushroom cultivation changed properties and effects of the Gl-2 extract on Wistar rats. The no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) was 1000 mg/kg body weight/day of Gl-1 or Gl-2 extracts. Clinical trials are recommended for further exploring the potential therapeutic applications of studied extracts.
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Gastroenteropatias , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Reishi , Ratos , Masculino , Feminino , Animais , Ratos Wistar , Reishi/química , Creatinina/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Rim/patologia , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Prebióticos , Gastroenteropatias/patologia , Glucose/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Ureia/metabolismoRESUMO
COVID-19 pandemic confinement caused changes in families and children's routines worldwide. Studies conducted at the beginning of the pandemic have examined the harmful effects of these changes on mental health, including sleep disturbances. As sleep is essential for optimal childhood development, this study was designed to determine preschool-aged (3-6 years old) children's sleep parameters and mental well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. Using a cross-sectional design, a survey was applied to parents of preschool children, inquiring about their children's confinement status, routine changes, and electronics use. The parents responded to the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire to assess children's sleep and mental well-being. To provide objective sleep data, the children wore wrist actigraphy for seven days. Fifty-one participants completed the assessment. The children's mean age was 5.2 years, and the prevalence of sleep disturbances was 68.6%. The use of electronic tablets in the bedroom near bedtime and symptoms of mental health deterioration (i.e., emotional distress and behavioral difficulties) were associated with sleep disturbances and their severity. The COVID-19 pandemic's confinement-related routine changes greatly impacted preschool children's sleep and well-being. We recommend establishing age-tailored interventions to manage children at higher risk.
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COVID-19 , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Saúde Mental , Pandemias , México , Estudos Transversais , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/epidemiologia , SonoRESUMO
AIM: To explore the influence of anxiety/depression symptoms and social risk in patients older than 65 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) both in non-adherence to pharmacological treatment (Non-AdhT) and in poor control of T2DM. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Adults over 65 years of age with T2DM treated at the Madrid Primary Care Service. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Data collection: Electronic Health Record database. VARIABLES: Poor control of T2DM (HBA1c) and Non-AdhT (Morisky-Green test); main clinical variables: symptoms of depression/anxiety and social risk. Global multivariate logistic regression models and disaggregated by sex were used to Non-AdhT and poor T2DM control. RESULTS: Data were obtained on 884 subjects. Non-AdhT prevalence: 4.4%; prevalence of poor T2DM control: 37.2%. Multivariate logistic regression models for No-AdhT in men showed a higher risk if they had symptoms of anxiety/depression (OR: 3.88; 95%CI: 1.15-13.07); and in women, if they had social risk (OR: 5.61; 95%CI: 1.86-16.94). Multivariate logistic regression models for poor control of T2DM in men revealed a higher risk if they did not have AdhT (OR: 3.53; 95%CI: 1.04-12.02). CONCLUSIONS: In people over 65 years with T2DM, although Non-AdhT is low, the prevalence of poor T2DM control is high. Symptoms of depression or anxiety are a risk factor to Non-AdhT in men, while social risk has the same effect in women. Non-AdhT in men increases the risk of poor T2DM control. From a gender perspective, it is important to detect social and mental health problems in older adults with diabetes and to reinforce strategies to improve their adherence to drug treatment in these patients.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Idoso , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon (µc-Si:H) and epitaxial silicon (epi-Si) films have been produced from SiF4, H2 and Ar mixtures by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) at 200 °C. Here, both films were produced using identical deposition conditions, to determine if the conditions for producing µc-Si with the largest crystalline fraction (XC), will also result in epi-Si films that encompass the best quality and largest crystalline silicon (c-Si) fraction. Both characteristics are of importance for the development of thin film transistors (TFTs), thin film solar cells and novel 3D devices since epi-Si films can be grown or etched in a selective manner. Therefore, we have distinguished that the H2/SiF4 ratio affects the XC of µc-Si, the c-Si fraction in epi-Si films, and the structure of the epi-Si/c-Si interface. Raman and UV-Vis ellipsometry were used to evaluate the crystalline volume fraction (Xc) and composition of the deposited layers, while the structure of the films were inspected by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Notably, the conditions for producing µc-Si with the largest XC are different in comparison to the fabrication conditions of epi-Si films with the best quality and largest c-Si fraction.
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OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the prevalence of herbal medicine (HM) use and factors influencing HM usage including the identification of the main plants consumed by patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in central-western Mexico. DESIGN: A total of 1862 patients with diabetes were surveyed in public and private hospitals in four states (Guanajuato, Jalisco, Michoacan, and San Luis Potosi) of the central-western region of Mexico. The chi-square test was used to assess associations between HM use and demographic characteristics, such as glucose levels, presence of complications and comorbidities, as well as the selected therapy to treat T2DM. RESULTS: The prevalence of HM use (59.2%) in patients with T2DM was mainly associated with education level (p = 0.001), time of diagnosis of T2DM (p = 0.004), presence of complications (p < 0.001) and comorbidities (p = 0.018) and the use of insulin (p < 0.001). These patients report a higher consumption of herbal medicine compared to those on glycemic control (p < 0.001). The most frequently used medicinal plants to treat T2DM were nopal (54.9%), moringa (26.7%), and aloe (22.1%). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of HM use to treat T2DM in west-central Mexico is high (59.2%) and its consumption is mostly carried out without the recommendation of a health professional (91.9%). The use of HM increases mainly when the patient uses insulin, during complications of the disease or in patients with an inadequate glycemic control.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Plantas Medicinais , Adulto , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Medicina Herbária , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , FitoterapiaRESUMO
This work reports the development of arrays of infrared sensors (microbolometers) using a hydrogenated polymorphous silicon-germanium alloy (pm-SixGe1-x:H). Basically, polymorphous semiconductors consist of an amorphous semiconductor matrix with embedded nanocrystals of about 2-3 nm. The pm-SixGe1-x:H alloy studied has a high temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of 4.08%/K and conductivity of 1.5 × 10-5 Sâcm-1. Deposition of thermosensing film was made by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) at 200 °C, while the area of the devices is 50 × 50 µm2 with a fill factor of 81%. Finally, an array of 19 × 20 microbolometers was packaged for electrical characterization. Voltage responsivity values were obtained in the range of 4 × 104 V/W and detectivity around 2 × 107 cmâHz1/2/W with a polarization current of 70 µA at a chopper frequency of 30 Hz. A minimum value of 2 × 10-10 W/Hz1/2 noise equivalent power was obtained at room temperature. In addition, it was found that all the tested devices responded to incident infrared radiation, proving that the structure and mechanical stability are excellent.
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Resumen La enfermedad renal es una patología que afecta gravemente a los riñones, generando alteraciones en la capacidad de filtrar toxinas y otras sustancias de desecho en la sangre. Evidenciar los efectos y el rol de la intervención fisioterapéutica en pacientes con enfermedad renal. Se realizó una revisión sistemática, con análisis retrospectivo y descriptivo, de artículos científicos publicados en bases de datos indexadas entre enero del 2007 a noviembre del 2018. Se realizó la búsqueda de estudios en las bases de datos EBSCO, SciELO, MEDLINE, Medscape, PubMed Central, EMBASE, REDALYC, DOAJ, OVID y diferentes revistas sobre el tema. Se utilizaron los criterios de inclusión de estudios para revisiones sistemáticas de la Declaración PRISMA, y la evaluación del riesgo de sesgo se realizó mediante la evaluación de la Colaboración Cochrane y la escala de PEDro. Se recuperaron 68.620 artículos científicos antes de aplicar los filtros correspondientes. Luego de ellos, se obtuvieron 20 artículos que fundamentan la existencia de una mejoría en la calidad de vida, fuerza, capacidad física, consumo de oxígeno, bienestar físico, mental y social, en pacientes con falla renal. La realización de ejercicio físico en pacientes con falla renal mejora la respuesta física, social y mental, como también, las actividades de la vida diaria. Estos efectos se obtienen con una evaluación, prescripción y monitoreo adecuado del ejercicio. Por esto, concluimos que resulta indispensable que un profesional en fisioterapia participe en el equipo interdisciplinario necesario para el tratamiento de la enfermedad renal.
Abstract Kidney disease is a pathology where the kidneys are seriously damaged, generating alterations in the ability to filter toxins and other waste substances in the blood. The aim of this study was to evidence the effects and role of physiotherapeutic intervention in patients with kidney disease. A systematic review was conducted, with retrospective and descriptive analysis, of scientific articles published in indexed databases between January 2007 and November 2018. The search was performed for studies in the EBSCO, SciELO, MEDLINE, Medscape, PubMed databases, as well as in Central, EMBASE, REDALYC, DOAJ, OVID and several journals on the subject. The criteria for inclusion of studies were used for systematic reviews of the PRISMA Statement, and a risk-of-bias assessment was performed through the evaluation of the Cochrane Collaboration and the PEDro scale. 68,620 scientific articles were recovered before applying the corresponding filters. After that, 20 articles were obtained which support the existence of an improvement in the quality of life, strength, physical capacity, oxygen consumption, physical, mental and social well-being in patients with renal failure. The performance of physical exercise in patients with renal failure improves the physical, social and mental response, as well as the activities of daily living. These effects are the result of an evaluation, prescription and adequate monitoring of the exercise. Therefore, we conclude it is essential that a professional in physiotherapy should participate in the interdisciplinary team necessary for the treatment of kidney disease.
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The presence of pesticides has recently been reported in shrimp farms adjacent to agricultural areas on the east coast of the Gulf of California. This study assessed the possible effect of organophosphorus pesticides in the coastal environment of Sinaloa, México, using the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei as a bioindicator since their presence, abundance or behavior indicate some process or state of the system in which they live. Sublethal bioassays were performed on shrimps in intermolt state using commercial brands of organophosphorus pesticides, chlorpyrifos (0.0015 mg l-1), diazinon (0.0120 mg l-1), methamidophos (1.207 mg l-1), azinphos-methyl (0.0101 mg l-1), and methyl parathion (0.0075 mg l-1) were tested. Results showed reductions in glycogen, triglycerides, and total protein concentrations in shrimp muscle, except for the diazinon treatments, in which an increase in triglyceride level was detected. The observed alterations in the three cellular components were probably due to the metabolic compensation mechanism of the shrimp in reaction to the stress produced by organophosphorus pesticides, which act as endocrine disruptors. The establishment of continuous environmental monitoring programs of the coastal zone of Northwestern Mexico is strongly recommended.
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Proteínas de Artrópodes/metabolismo , Glicogênio/metabolismo , Organofosfatos/efeitos adversos , Penaeidae/efeitos dos fármacos , Triglicerídeos/metabolismo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/efeitos adversos , Animais , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Inseticidas/efeitos adversos , México , Penaeidae/metabolismoRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de 103 pacientes que recibieron cirugía lumbo-laparoscópica en el Servicio de Urología del Hospital General Docente "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" de Santiago de Cuba, durante el período de enero de 2011 a diciembre de 2014, con vistas a describir las complicaciones intraoperatorias y posquirúrgicas tempranas según algunas variables seleccionadas. Entre los principales hallazgos de la serie se obtuvo que 73 operaciones fueron realizadas por vía de acceso transperitoneal y 30 por vía retroperitoneal, la mayoría de los pacientes correspondían al sexo masculino y en el total de intervenciones se notificaron 15 complicaciones, con mayor frecuencia del hidrocele reaccional y el drenaje prolongado, que fueron clasificadas en el grado I según el sistema de Clavien-Dindo. Pudo concluirse que la aparición de complicaciones guardó relación directa con la complejidad de los procedimientos efectuados y el acceso quirúrgico retroperitoneal; no obstante ello, la cirugía lumbo-laparoscópica urológica constituye una técnica segura para el tratamiento de estos pacientes.
A descriptive study of 103 patients who received lumbo-laparoscopic surgery in the Urology Service of "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba was carried out during the period of January, 2011 to December, 2014, aimed at describing early intraoperative and postsurgical complications according to some selected variables. Among the main discoveries of the series it was obtained that 73 surgeries were carried out through transperitoneal access and 30 through retroperitoneal access, most of the patients corresponded to the male sex and in all surgeries 15 complications were notified, with higher frequency of the reactional hydrocele and prolonged drainage, which were classified in degree according to the Clavien-Dindo system. It is concluded that the emergence of complications was closely related to the complexity of the procedures carried out and the surgical retroperitoneal access; however, the urologic lumbo-laparoscopic surgery constitutes a reliable technique for the treatment of these patients.