RESUMO
AIMS: This study investigated the diversity of Colletotrichum isolates recovered from Conyza bonariensis leaves through the use of morphological characteristics, growth rate, carbon sources utilization and phylogenetic analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS: In all, 30 Colletotrichum isolates recovered from C. bonariensis leaves showing symptoms of disease were included in the present study. Based on the analysis of morphology and sequences, the isolates were distributed into six Colletotrichum species complexes. The concatenated alignment of GAPDH and ITS sequences showed that 20 out of 30 isolates were included in four species complexes which comprise the most important pathogens causing anthracnose in soybean or anthracnose and stalk rot in maize: C. truncatum, C. orchidearum, C. gloeosporioides and C. graminicola. The remaining 10 isolates were included in the C. boninense and C. destructivum species complexes or could not be assigned to any complex with the available information. CONCLUSION: Weeds belonging to genus Conyza are host to soybean and maize potential pathogenic species of Colletotrichum and could have a role as inoculum reservoir for cross contamination in the agroecosystem. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The combined use of morphological, kinetics and physiological parameters of growth and phylogenetic analysis in Colletotrichum isolates from Conyza leaves allowed the detection of species complexes previously not identified in Argentina.
Assuntos
Colletotrichum/classificação , Colletotrichum/fisiologia , Conyza/microbiologia , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Argentina , Carbono/metabolismo , Colletotrichum/isolamento & purificação , DNA Fúngico , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Gliceraldeído-3-Fosfato Desidrogenases/genética , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Glycine max/microbiologia , Zea mays/microbiologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus has caused periodic epidemics and epizootics in the American continent since the 1920s. Such events have been profusely documented from the epidemiologic point of view, however, reports concerning the clinical features of this disease are rather scarce. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristics evidenced by Venezuelan equine encephalitis patients from Zulia state (western Venezuela) studied during the outbreak that occurred in Colombia and Venezuela in 1995. These cases, classified as complicated, were hospitalized at the Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo, state of Zulia, Venezuela. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The clinical charts of 313 Venezuelan equine encephalitis patients hospitalized during the period January 1st 1995-March 31st 1996 were reviewed. These cases accounted for 2.82% of 11,072 patients that were medically assisted during the outbreak. The following variables were analyzed: age, gender, signs and symptoms, contact history, complications and evolution. RESULTS: Intracranial hypertension signs became eloquent in 55.9% of these patients. Neurologic complications were represented by two cases of cerebellitis, two cases of meningoencephalitis and one case of encephalomyelitis. The mortality rate was 1.7%. CONCLUSION: Our results corroborate the benign evolutionary profile that is typical of this entity.
Assuntos
Encefalomielite Equina Venezuelana/complicações , Encefalomielite Equina Venezuelana/epidemiologia , Transtornos Mentais/etiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Transtornos da Consciência/etiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Feminino , Febre/etiologia , Cefaleia/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Venezuela/epidemiologiaRESUMO
To determine whether a shift of potassium ions from the intracellular space to the extracellular space accounts, in part, for the hyperkalemia seen in extremely low birth weight infants, we examined potassium concentration in serum and erythrocytes from extremely low birth weight infants with hyperkalemia (n = 12) or with normokalemia (n = 27). In addition, to determine whether the shift of potassium was associated with low sodium-potassium-adenosinetriphosphatase (Na+,K(+)-ATPase) activity, we studied the activity of ATPase in the last 16 infants enrolled in the study. Fluid intake and output were measured during the first 3 days of life. Infants were considered to have hyperkalemia if the serum potassium concentration was 6.8 mmol/L or greater. Blood was obtained daily for intracellular sodium and potassium levels by means of lysis of erythrocytes. The remaining erythrocyte membranes were frozen and analyzed for Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity. There were significantly lower intracellular potassium/serum potassium ratios in the infants with hyperkalemia for each day of the 3-day study (p < 0.001). In the hyperkalemic group, there was lower Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity than in the infants with normokalemia (p = 0.006). Low Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity was associated with lower intracellular potassium/serum potassium ratios (p = 0.006), higher serum potassium values (p = 0.02), and lower intracellular potassium concentration (p = 0.009). The urinary data demonstrated that there was no difference in glomerulotubular balance between the two groups. We conclude that nonoliguric hyperkalemia in extremely low birth weight infants may be due, in part, to a shift of potassium from the intracellular space to the extracellular space associated with a decrease in Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity.
Assuntos
Eritrócitos/enzimologia , Hiperpotassemia/sangue , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso/sangue , Potássio/sangue , ATPase Trocadora de Sódio-Potássio/sangue , Bilirrubina/sangue , Nitrogênio da Ureia Sanguínea , Creatinina/sangue , Creatinina/urina , Eritrócitos/química , Espaço Extracelular/metabolismo , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Líquido Intracelular/metabolismo , Potássio/metabolismo , Potássio/urina , Sódio/sangue , Sódio/urina , ATPase Trocadora de Sódio-Potássio/metabolismoRESUMO
We describe a technique for mechanical cardiac assistance in an acute model of severe cardiac failure. Cardiac dysfunction was induced by a high dose of halothane in 13 dogs. Seven served as controls. Following median sternotomy, a pneumatically driven device was implanted in the other six dogs in a para-aortic position, using a simple surgical technique without cardiopulmonary bypass. The aorta was cross-clamped during cardiac assistance. During hemodynamic studies, the seven control animals with induced cardiac failure showed high end-diastolic left ventricular and right atrial pressures with low cardiac index and systolic left ventricular and aortic pressures. All dogs in this group died within 30 minutes. Use of a monovalvular cardiac assist device in the experimental group of six dogs to pump blood from the aortic root to the descending aorta in a counterpulsation manner, confirmed good preservation of systemic hemodynamic parameters after induction of heart failure. All animals in this treated group survived more than 45 minutes. Hemodynamically, the device acts as a new ventricle and the impaired left ventricle functionally becomes a left atrium. This condition is clinically appropriate for recovery of left ventricular function in severe acute myocardial failure.
Assuntos
Contrapulsação/instrumentação , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Coração Auxiliar , Hemodinâmica/fisiologia , Animais , Cães , Desenho de Equipamento , Halotano , Insuficiência Cardíaca/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
We examined the effects of nisoldipine on infarct size and collateral development in pigs, whose coronary circulation is similar to that of humans, using an experimental protocol reproducing as closely as possible the usual clinical setting. Fifteen pigs undergoing left circumflex Ameroid-occlusion were randomized into a control group (n = 8) and a group (n = 7) treated with oral nisoldipine 0.03 mg/kg every 6 h for 1 month starting on the second postoperative day. Infarct size (tetrazolium red) was 37.2 +/- 9.2% of the circumflex distribution in the control group and 10 +/- 3.2% in the treated group (p less than 0.01). Endocardial and transmural blood flows (microspheres) in the circumflex distribution were significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in the treated group (control endocardial 1.25 +/- 0.1 mg/g/min, treated endocardial 1.77 +/- 0.26 ml/g/min; control transmural 1.39 +/- 0.08 ml/g/min; treated transmural 1.78 +/- 0.23 ml/g/min). Epicardial flow and the ratio of subendocardial to subepicardial blood flow (endo/epi) were nonsignificantly higher in treated pigs. No differences were observed in heart rate (HR) and aortic pressure (AP). We conclude that in pigs undergoing left circumflex Ameroid-occlusion, long-term oral nisoldipine reduces infarct size and enhances collateral circulation to the ischemic myocardium.