RESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: Las disecciones de arterias cervicales (DAC) son la primera causa de accidente cerebrovascular isquémico (ACVi) en personas jóvenes. Los factores asociados (FA) de ACVi y la relación temporal con la DAC no están bien caracterizados. Tampoco disponemos de una clasificación clínico-radio-lógica que permita conocer el riesgo de ACVi. OBJETIVO: Describir frecuencia y FA y temporalidad de los ACVi en pacientes con DAC. MÉTODOS: Estudio prospectivo de pacientes mayores de 18 años hospitalizados por una DAC carotidea y/o vertebral entre agosto de 2009 y junio de 2017. Las DAC se diagnosticaron clínico-radiológicamente y los ACVi con imagen con infarto. Se utilizo la Clasificación de Borgess para caracterizar radiológicamente las DAC. Se utilizaron análisis de regresión logística uni y multivariable para evaluar las características clínico-radiológicas y los FA. RESULTADOS: 163 pacientes con 182 DAC (60% vertebrales y 40% carotídeas). 73 pacientes (44,8%) tuvieron un ACVi 28 de 68 pacientes (41,2%) tuvieron simultáneamente síntomas de disección y de isquemia. 60 de 68 pacientes (88%) presentan síntomas de isquemia durante la primera semana. FR significativamente asociados a ACVi: Borgess tipo IB (p = 0,001; OR: 4,1; IC: 1,8-9,3), sexo masculino (p < 0,001; OR: 0,2; IC: 0,06-0,8) y anticonceptivos orales (p = 0,02; OR: 0,2; IC: 0,06-0,8). CONCLUSIÓN: Ocurre aproximadamente en la mitad de los pacientes, en su mayoría dentro de la primera semana, no es la forma habitual de presentación inicial y no se relaciona con el tipo de arteria disecada. El principal FA para desarrollar un ACVi fue la oclusión arterial (Borgess tipo IB).
INTRODUCTION: Cervical artery dissections (CAD) are the leading cause of ischemic stroke (CVA) in young people. The risk factors for stroke and the temporal relationship with CAD are not well characterized. Nor do we have a clinical-radiological classification that allows knowing the risk of stroke. OBJECTIVE: To describe the associated factors and temporality of ACVi in patients with CAD. METHODS: We performed a prospective study that included patients over 18 years of age, hospitalized for carotid and/or vertebral CAD between August 2009 and June 2017. CAD cases were diagnosed clinically and radiologically; ACVi was diagnosed when the imaging study demonstrated infarction. The Borgess Classification was used to characterize the CAD radiologically. For correlation studies, we used univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: We analyzed 163 patients with 182 CAD (60% vertebral and 40% carotid). 28 of 68 patients (41.2%) simultaneously had symptoms of dissection and ischemia. 60 of 68 patients (88%) presented symptoms of ischemia during the first week. CAD: Borgess type IB (p = 0.001; OR: 4.1; CI: 1.8-9.3), male (p < 0.001; OR: 0.2; CI: 0.06- 0.8) were significantly associated with ischemic strokes and oral contraceptives (p = 0.02; OR: 0.2; CI: 0.06-0.8). CONCLUSION: Stroke associated with CAD has a relatively low frequency. It is not related to the type of dissected artery. It mainly occurs not simultaneously with CAD and within the first week. The main associated factor for developing a stroke is arterial occlusion (Borgess type IB).1,8-9,3), male sex (p < 0.001; OR: 0.2; CI: 0.06-0.8) and oral contraceptives (p = 0.02; OR: 0.2; CI: 0.06-0.8).
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Infarto Cerebral/etiologia , Infarto Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Dissecação da Artéria Carótida Interna/complicações , Dissecação da Artéria Carótida Interna/diagnóstico por imagem , Dissecação da Artéria Vertebral/complicações , Dissecação da Artéria Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Fatores de Tempo , Fatores Sexuais , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Cervical artery dissections (CAD) are the leading cause of ischemic stroke (CVA) in young people. The risk factors for stroke and the temporal relationship with CAD are not well characterized. Nor do we have a clinical-radiological classification that allows knowing the risk of stroke. OBJECTIVE: To describe the associated factors and temporality of ACVi in patients with CAD. METHODS: We performed a prospective study that included patients over 18 years of age, hospitalized for carotid and/or vertebral CAD between August 2009 and June 2017. CAD cases were diagnosed clinically and radiologically; ACVi was diagnosed when the imaging study demonstrated infarction. The Borgess Classification was used to characterize the CAD radiologically. For correlation studies, we used univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: We analyzed 163 patients with 182 CAD (60% vertebral and 40% carotid). 28 of 68 patients (41.2%) simultaneously had symptoms of dissection and ischemia. 60 of 68 patients (88%) presented symptoms of ischemia during the first week. CAD: Borgess type IB (p = 0.001; OR: 4.1; CI: 1.8-9.3), male (p < 0.001; OR: 0.2; CI: 0.06- 0.8) were significantly associated with ischemic strokes and oral contraceptives (p = 0.02; OR: 0.2; CI: 0.06-0.8). CONCLUSION: Stroke associated with CAD has a relatively low frequency. It is not related to the type of dissected artery. It mainly occurs not simultaneously with CAD and within the first week. The main associated factor for developing a stroke is arterial occlusion (Borgess type IB).1,8-9,3), male sex (p < 0.001; OR: 0.2; CI: 0.06-0.8) and oral contraceptives (p = 0.02; OR: 0.2; CI: 0.06-0.8).