RESUMO
The chronological age estimation of living individuals is a crucial part of forensic practice and clinical practice, such as in orthodontic treatment. It is well-known that methods for age estimation in living children should be tested on different populations. Ethnic affiliations in Brazil are divided into several major groups depending on the region, with the south of Brazil being known for its German immigration. (1) Background: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between chronological age and dental age using Demirjian's method and Cameriere's method in a group of children from Joinville, South Brazil to investigate if both methods can be used to estimate dental age in this population. (2) Methods: The sample consisted of 229 panoramic radiographs (119 were males and were 110 females) from Brazilian children (ages ranging from 6 to 12 years). The chronological age at the time of the panoramic radiographic exam was calculated for each child. The dental age was estimated according to Demirjian's method and Cameriere's method. All continuous data were tested for normality by using the Shapiro-Wilk test. The Pearson correlation coefficient test was applied. An alpha of 5% (p < 0.05) was used for all analyses. (3) Results: The mean chronological age was 8.75 years. According to Demirjian's method, the mean dental age was 9.3 years, while according to Cameriere's method, the mean dental age was 8.66 years. A strong correlation between chronological age and dental age according to Demirjian (r = 0.776 and p < 0.0001) and Cameriere (r = 0.735 and p < 0.0001) was observed for both genders. (4) Conclusions: Both methods presented a good correlation with chronological age in the studied population and could be used to assess dental age in this population.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), condylar and mandibular movements in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients treated with mandibular advancement device (MAD) and to identify the influence of these anatomic factors on upper airway (UA) volume and polysomnographic outcomes after treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty OSA patients were prospectively treated with MAD. Clinical examinations, cone-beam computed tomography, and polysomnography were performed before MAD treatment and after achieving therapeutic protrusion. Polysomnographic variables and three-dimensional measurements of the TMJ, mandible, and upper airway were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Condylar rotation, anterior translation, and anterior mandibular displacement were directly correlated with total UA volume, while vertical mandibular translation was inversely correlated with the volume of the inferior oropharynx. MAD treatment resulted in an increase in the volume and area of the superior oropharynx. There was no statistically significant correlation between condylar rotation and translation and polysomnographic variables. With MAD, there was a significant increase in vertical dimension, changes in condylar position (rotation and translation), and mandibular displacement. The central and medial lengths of the articular eminence were inversely correlated with condylar rotation and translation, respectively. The lateral length of the eminence was directly correlated with condylar translation, and the lateral height was directly correlated with condylar rotation and translation. CONCLUSION: Condylar and mandibular movements influenced UA volume. The articular eminence played a role in the amount of condylar rotation and translation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Individualized anatomical evaluation of the TMJ proves to be important in the therapy of OSA with MAD.
Assuntos
Avanço Mandibular , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono , Humanos , Placas Oclusais , Mandíbula/diagnóstico por imagem , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/diagnóstico por imagem , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/terapia , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/etiologia , Articulação Temporomandibular , Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
A expansão rápida do palato assistida por mini-implantes (Mini-Implant Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion - MARPE) é uma alternativa para tratar a deficiência esquelética transversal da maxila em pacientes adultos. O objetivo deste relato de caso foi verificar, por meio de Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico (TCFC), os possíveis incrementos dimensionais e volumétricos na via aérea superior (VAS) após a utilização deste dispositivo em uma paciente adulta com má oclusão de Classe III e atresia maxilar transversa. Método: Foi realizado um protocolo de disjunção palatina com o dispositivo MARPE. TCFC foram obtidas antes (T0) e logo após finalizar o procedimento de expansão óssea transversa da maxila (T1). Resultados: Ocorreram mudanças dimensionais significativas da VAS em T1, incluindo um aumento na largura (77,5%) e comprimento do espaço retropalatal (51%), bem como no espaço retrolingual (33,7%). Além disso, observou-se um aumento no volume total (41%) e no volume da orofaringe (51,9%) da VAS. Conclusão: Este relato destaca ganhos dimensionais significativos na VAS após o uso do MARPE, enfatizando sua eficácia como abordagem terapêutica que contribui para aumentos importantes na VAS.(AU)
The Mini-Implant Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (MARPE) is an alternative for treating maxillary skeletal transverse deficiency in adult patients. The aim of this case report was to verify, through Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), the possible dimensional and volumetric increments in the upper airway (UA) after using this device in an adult patient with Class III malocclusion and transverse maxillary atresia. Method: A palatal disjunction protocol was performed with the MARPE device. CBCT scans were obtained before (T0) and immediately after completing the maxillary bone expansion procedure (T1). Results: Significant dimensional changes occurred in the UA at T1, including an increase in width (77.5%) and length (51%) of the retropalatal space, as well as in the length of the retrolingual space (33.7%). Additionally, there was an increase in total volume (41%) and oropharyngeal volume (51.9%) of the UA. Conclusion: This report highlights significant dimensional gains in the UA following MARPE use, emphasizing its efficacy as a therapeutic approach that contributes to significant increases in UA dimensions.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Procedimentos de Ancoragem Ortodôntica , Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico , Má OclusãoRESUMO
Resumo Corrigir a relação molar de Classe II em um paciente adulto não é uma tarefa fácil. E com os alinhadores ortodônticos isso torna-se ainda mais difícil. Os alinhadores têm dificuldade na sua correção, principalmente porque sua eficácia depende do uso de elásticos e, muitas vezes, os pacientes não colaboram o suficiente. Há casos em que o paciente deveria ser tratado com cirurgia ortognática, mas o paciente não aceita ser submetido a ela. Então, podemos tratá-lo de forma compensatória utilizando um propulsor mandibular, como o PowerScope. Este artigo descreve três maneiras de incorporar o PowerScope no tratamento da Classe II com o Invisalign. São descritos os desenhos híbrido, simplificado e complexo, cada um ilustrado por um caso clínico. Desta forma, pode-se concluir que o PowerScope pode ser um grande aliado no tratamento de casos complexos de Classe II junto aos alinhadores Invisalign. A abordagem é muito promissora, mas ainda necessita de alguns ajustes (AU)
Abstract Correcting a Class II molar relationship in an adult patient is not an easy task. And with orthodontic aligners this becomes even more difficult. Aligners have difficulties in Class II correction, mainly because their effectiveness depends on the use of elastics, and patients often do not cooperate enough. There are cases in which patients should be treated with orthognathic surgery, but they do not accept the surgery. So, we can treat them compensatory using a Class II corrector, like the PowerScope. This article describes three ways to incorporate PowerScope into Class II treatment with Invisalign. The designs are described as hybrid, simplified, complex and each one is illustrated by a clinical case. In this way, it can be concluded that PowerScope can be a great ally in the treatment of complex Class II cases with Invisalign aligners. The approach is very promising, but still needs some adjustments (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Aparelhos Ortodônticos Removíveis , Má Oclusão Classe II de AngleRESUMO
Resumo A correção da má oclusão de Classe III em paciente adulto é considerada um dos problemas mais desafiadores em relação ao tratamento. Em um caso com grande discrepância esquelética, a combinação de Ortodontia e Cirurgia Ortognática é o tratamento de escolha. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar o tratamento ortodôntico-cirúrgico de uma paciente de 27 anos com má oclusão de Classe III. Clinicamente, a maxila estava retruída e a mandíbula protruída. Apresentava mordida cruzada posterior bilateral e relação de topo na região anterior. A linha média superior era coincidente com a linha média facial e a linha média inferior exibia um desvio de 1,5 mm. A paciente optou por um aparelho ortodôntico mais estético. O plano de tratamento incluiu planejamento ortodôntico e cirurgia ortognática combinados para a correção da Classe III, estabelecimento de relações molar e canino de Classe I, correção dos trepasses horizontal e vertical, ajuste das linhas médias e melhora da estética facial e dentária. O tratamento ortodôntico empregou alinhadores removíveis Invisalign para o preparo pré-cirúrgico e finalização pós-operatória. Foi realizada cirurgia combinada de avanço maxilar e recuo mandibular. A utilização do sistema Invisalign combinado com a cirurgia ortognática foi eficiente para correção das deformidades dentofaciais e restabelecimento de uma oclusão satisfatória. (AU)
Abstract Correction of Class III malocclusion in an adult patient is considered one of the most challenging problems regarding treatment. In a case with a large skeletal discrepancy, a combination of orthodontic and orthognathic surgery is the treatment of choice. The aim of this study was to report the ortho-surgical treatment of a 27-year-old female patient with Class III malocclusion. Clinically, the maxilla was retruded and the mandible protruded. She had a bilateral posterior crossbite and an edge-to-edge incisor occlusion. The upper midline was coincident with the facial midline and the lower midline had a deviation of 1.5 mm. The patient opted for a more aesthetic orthodontic appliance. The treatment plan included combined orthodontic planning and orthognathic surgery to correct Class III, establish Class I molar and canine relationships, correct overjet and overbite, adjust midlines, and improve facial and dental esthetics. Orthodontic treatment consisted of removable Invisalign aligners for preoperative preparation and completion postoperative. A combined maxillary advancement and mandibular setback surgery was performed. The use of the Invisalign system combined with orthognathic surgery was efficient in correcting dentofacial deformities and restoring satisfactory occlusion (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Aparelhos Ortodônticos Removíveis , Cirurgia Ortognática , Má Oclusão Classe III de AngleRESUMO
Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar e quantificar a rugosidade do esmalte dentário após a remoção do adesivo residual ao retirar os bráquetes. Em 30 pré-molares humanos clinicamente saudáveis, foi realizada a colagem de bráquetes no centro da face vestibular. Após 24 horas, foram descolados e foi realizado o polimento do adesivo residual com três métodos diferentes: fresa multilaminada (12 lâminas) tronco-cônico com instrumentos rotativos em alta velocidade irrigada com água; fresa redonda com instrumentos rotativos em baixa velocidade (contra ângulo) sem irrigação e fresa de fibra de vidro com instrumentos rotativos em baixa velocidade (contra-ângulo) sem irrigação. Os elementos dentários foram observados com microscópio laser confocal antes da colagem dos bráquetes. Após a sua retirada e remoção do adesivo residual, a superfície do esmalte foi observada novamente com o microscópio laser confocal, e foi utilizado o software digital OLYMPUS OLS-4100 para realizar uma reconstrução tridimensional e medir a rugosidade deixada pelos diferentes métodos de polimento. Os resultados indicaram que a fresa multilaminada em alta velocidade irrigada com água é a que deixa a superfície com parâmetros de rugosidade mais baixos. Portanto, a fresa multilaminada seria o método mais indicado para eliminar a resina residual após a retirada dos bráquetes ao final de um tratamento ortodôntico (AU)
Abstract The aim of this research was to evaluate and quantify the roughness of the dental enamel after removing the residual adhesive when removing the brackets. In 30 clinically healthy human premolars, brackets were bonded in the center of the buccal face, which were detached in 24 hours, and the residual adhesive was polished with three different methods: multi-laminated bur (12 blades) conical trunk with rotary instruments in high speed irrigated with water, round milling cutter with low-speed rotary instruments (contra-angle) without irrigation, and glass milling (Fiber Glass) with low-speed rotary instruments (contra-angle) without irrigation. The dental elements were observed with a confocal laser microscope before bracket bonding. After its removal and removal of the residual adhesive, the enamel surface was observed again with the confocal laser microscope, and the OLYMPUS OLS-4100 digital software was used to perform a three-dimensional reconstruction and measure the roughness left by the different polishing methods. The results indicated that the multi-laminated cutter at high speed, irrigated with water, is the one that leaves the surface with lower roughness parameters. Therefore, the multilaminated bur would be the most suitable method to eliminate residual resin after removing brackets at the end of an orthodontic treatment. (AU)
Assuntos
Braquetes Ortodônticos , Fragaria , Esmalte Dentário , Polimento DentárioRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to assess the long-term stability of Class II malocclusion treatment with the Cantilever Bite Jumper (CBJ) after 13 years of follow-up. METHODS: The treatment group comprised 10 Class II Division 1 malocclusion patients treated with the CBJ, followed by fixed appliances, analyzed at 3 stages: pretreatment (aged 11.56-14.32 years), posttreatment (aged 16.34-19.58 years), and long-term posttreatment (aged 29.04-32.33 years). The control group included 15 subjects with normal occlusion. Intragroup treatment changes comparison was performed with repeated measures and analysis of variance followed by Tukey tests. Intergroup comparisons regarding the long-term posttreatment changes were performed with t tests. RESULTS: No statistically significant relapse was observed during the follow-up period. Morever, the treated group presented a significantly smaller increase in lower anterior facial height and greater retrusion of the lower lip than the control group in the posttreatment period. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with the CBJ, followed by fixed appliances, is a stable alternative for Class II Division 1 malocclusion correction. The dentoskeletal and soft-tissue changes obtained during treatment remained stable in the long-term posttreatment follow-up.
Assuntos
Aparelhos Ativadores , Má Oclusão Classe II de Angle , Humanos , Cefalometria , Má Oclusão Classe II de Angle/diagnóstico por imagem , Má Oclusão Classe II de Angle/terapia , MandíbulaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to assess sagittal and vertical skeletal and dentoalveolar changes through the use of 3-dimensional imaging in prepubertal Class II malocclusion patients treated with a cantilever Herbst appliance (HA). Condyle-glenoid fossa positional changes were also quantified. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study assessed 22 children (11.2 years ± 1.2) consecutively treated with a cantilever HA for 12 months and 11 untreated children (aged 9.3 ± 0.30 years) that served as controls. Cone-beam computed tomography was performed at baseline (T1) and at the end of the observation period (T2). Movements in the regions of interest were measured as linear displacements from cone-beam computed tomography images through algebraic calculations. A Student t test for independent samples was used for group equivalence testing at T1, and the treatment differences between T2 and T1 were evaluated by 2 analyses of covariance, one considering the expected growth unit as a covariate and the other with an annualized factor. RESULTS: The largest dental movement was a mesial movement of mandibular molars (3.70 mm), whereas the largest skeletal changes consisted of a larger relative length of the mandible (difference of 1.2 mm) in the HA group than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Within the study limitations (retrospective cohort, historical control group, and sample size), 3-dimensional imaging suggests that HA corrected Class II malocclusion in a predominantly prepubertal sample through more dental than skeletal changes. The changes were more significant in the sagittal than in the vertical direction. In addition, relative stability in the condyle-fossa relationship was noted.
Assuntos
Má Oclusão Classe II de Angle , Aparelhos Ortodônticos Funcionais , Cefalometria , Criança , Humanos , Má Oclusão Classe II de Angle/diagnóstico por imagem , Má Oclusão Classe II de Angle/terapia , Mandíbula , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Resumo A mordida aberta anterior (MAA) merece destaque ímpar, já que além de ser a mais frequente entre as discrepâncias verticais e comprometer a estética dental, interfere também na função mastigatória e na fala do paciente, afetando consequentemente a sua auto-estima. Por seu caráter multifatorial, essa má oclusão pode ser causada por diversas razões, tais como a herança genética ou desenvolvimento maxilofacial inerente a cada individuo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo descrever o tratamento de um paciente com MAA. O paciente BS de 7 anos e 5 meses de idade possuía má oclusão de Classe I com mordida aberta anterior (-2,8 mm). O plano de tratamento foi dividido em duas fases: na primeira, foi utilizado o aparelho de Haas com grade lingual na arcada superior; na arcada inferior, utilizou-se um expansor removível. Na sequência do tratamento, instalou-se o aparelho fixo em ambas as arcadas. O tratamento teve duração de 9 (nove) meses e conseguiu o fechamento da mordida aberta anterior. A segunda fase iniciou-se após a irrupção dos segundos molares permanentes e teve duração de 13 meses. Como conclusão se observou que o tratamento da mordida aberta anterior em duas fases foi uma excelente escolha para o tratamento do paciente aqui relatado. Na primeira fase, a mordida foi fechada e as arcadas foram alargadas para permitir o posicionamento adequado de todos os dentes permanentes, que tiveram seu posicionamento perfeitamente detalhado na segunda fase.(AU)
Abstract The anterior open bite (AOB) deserves unique attention as in addition to being the most frequent among vertical discrepancies and compromising dental aesthetics, it interferes in the patient chewing function and speech, consequently affecting their self-esteem. Due to its multifactorial character, this malocclusion can be caused by several reasons, such as genetic inheritance or maxillofacial development inherent to each individual. This study aimed to describe the treatment of a patient with AOB. Patient BS 7-year and 5-month-old had a Class I malocclusion with anterior open bite (-2.8 mm). The treatment plan was divided into two phases: In the first, the Haas appliance with fixed palatine crib in the upper arch was used; in the lower arch, a removable expander was used. Following the treatment, the fixed appliance was installed in both arches. The treatment lasted 9 months and achieved AOB closure. The second phase started after the eruption of the second permanent molars and lasted 13 months. In conclusion, it was observed that the treatment of AOB in two phases was an excellent choice for the patient treatment reported here. In the first phase, the bite was closed, and the arches were widened to allow the proper positioning of all the permanent teeth, which had their positioning perfectly detailed in the second phase.(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Ortodontia , Mordida Aberta , Má OclusãoRESUMO
Resumo A identificação de padrões craniofaciais associados à Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono (AOS) continua a despertar interesse na medida em que os predisponentes anatômicos podem divergir entre grupos populacionais. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar o padrão craniofacial e as principais características cefalométricas de indivíduos brasileiros com AOS nascidos no estado do Ceará Nordeste do Brasil. Materiais e Métodos: Foram triados 50 voluntários cearenses com diagnóstico polissonográfico de AOS, os quais se submeteram à avaliação clínica, polissonográfica e cefalométrica. O grupo controle foi composto por 25 indivíduos cearenses adultos com oclusão dentária normal, sem relatos de sinais e/ou sintomas relacionados à AOS. Resultados: O grupo com AOS apresentou alterações nas estruturas anatômicas esqueletais, principalmente, um posicionamento inferior do osso hioide (p=0.001) e retrusão mandibular (p=0.012). Alterações também foram observadas nas dimensões dos tecidos moles faríngeos, principalmente, aumento no comprimento (p=0.001) e largura do palato mole (p=0.001), com diminuição do espaço aéreo póstero-superior (p=0.001). Apenas as variáveis cefalométricas SNA (posição anteroposterior da maxila) (p=0.739) e EAP (espaço aéreo faríngeo inferior) (p=0.268) não apresentaram diferenças entre os grupos. Conclusão: Grandezas cefalométricas representativas do posicionamento de estruturas esqueléticas e das dimensões de tecidos moles faríngeos se mostraram significativamente diferentes, quando um grupo de indivíduos com AOS foi comparado à indivíduos de um grupo controle. (AU)
Abstract The identification of craniofacial patterns associated to the Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) continues to arise interest, especially since anatomical predisposing factors differ from group to group. The aim of this study was to identify the craniofacial patterns and cephalometric characteristics in Brazilian individuals with OSA born in Ceará Northeast Brazil. Materials and Methods: fifty OSA volunteers diagnosed with a polysomnography were selected. The control group consisted of 25 adults from Ceará with normal dental occlusion and without reports of OSA signs or symptoms. All participants were submitted to clinical, polysomnographic, and cephalometric evaluation. Results: Individuals diagnosed with OSA showed alterations in skeletal anatomical structure, mainly a lower positioning of hyoid bone (p=0.001) and mandibular retrusion (p=0.012). Alterations have also been observed in the pharyngeal soft tissue dimensions, mainly an increase in soft palate length (p=0.001) and width (p=0.001) causing a reduction in posterosuperior airway (p=0.001). Only the cephalometric variables SNA (anteroposterior position of the maxilla) (p=0.739) and EAP (inferior pharyngeal airspace) (p=0.268) did not present differences between the groups. Conclusion: Cephalometric measurements representative of the positioning of skeletal structures and the dimensions of pharyngeal soft tissues were significantly different when a group of subjects with OSA was compared to subjects of a control group.(AU)