RESUMO
This study was designed to estimate the prevalence of hypertension in Guadeloupe, the French West Indies, and to evaluate the risk factors associated with hypertension in the largest ethnic group, that of African origin. Households were randomly selected using a two-stage systematic sample of districts and then of houses; all adults aged 18 years in the household were included. In total, 1043 men and women were studied. Blood pressure, plasma glucose concentrations and gamma-glutamyl transferase activity were measured, hypertensive treatment and lifestyle factors recorded. The prevalence of hypertension, age-standardized to the Guadeloupe population was 21% and 26% in men and women of African origin, 28% and 22% in those of Indian-origin and 18% and 16% for other origins. The vast majority of subjects were unaware of their hypertension (90% of men, 74% of women). After adjustment for age, factors associated with high blood pressure in the 826 adults of African origin were: obesity, hyperglycemia, low educational level and family history of hypertension and of stroke. Additional factors in women were alcohol consumption, gamma-glutamyl transferase activity, physical inactivity, occupational category and a retired status, even after adjustment for age. Measures must be taken to diagnose hypertension early, particularly in individuals of African and Indian origin. An effective education program is needed, with an emphasis on life-style factors associated with obesity: diet and physical activity.
Assuntos
População Negra , Negro ou Afro-Americano , Hipertensão/etnologia , Hipertensão/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , África/etnologia , Feminino , Guadalupe/epidemiologia , Humanos , Hipertensão/prevenção & controle , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vigilância da População , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Estudos de AmostragemRESUMO
A study was conducted between January 1984 and March 1985 to determine the prevalence of diabetes in the adult population of Guadeloupe (18 years of age and over). A two-step sampling frame, using a sampling fraction of 0.46%, where the primary units were composed of districts and where sub-units were households, was used. The household refusal rate was 22%. Subjects were classified as 'diabetic' when they were either already known or when their fasting plasma glucose was above 8.0 mmol/l. The total age and sex standardized prevalence of diabetes among the adult population of Guadeloupe can be estimated at 6.6%. The high prevalence rate appears to be related to obesity (strongly in women), a genetic susceptibility (22.5% of age standardized prevalence among subjects of Asian Indian origin for both sexes), and, possibly, in men of African origin only, to a maternal history of diabetes.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Hiperglicemia/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Glicemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus/etiologia , Diabetes Mellitus/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Hiperglicemia/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Índias Ocidentais/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Diabetes mellitus is now among the ten leading causes of death in the Caribbean. Studies of the prevalence of dysglycaemic disorders and risk factors for diabetes are necessary in order to design and implement tailored prevention programmes. The present study is of a representative sample of the adult population in Guadeloupe. The estimated prevalence of diabetes is 5.8% in adults, and that of impaired glucose tolerance is 7.4%. The percentage of insulin-treated patients is low, 14% of diabetics. The principal risk factors of diabetes, as classically recognised, are shown to operate. At the individual level, the presence of a diabetic parent is a greater relative risk factor than obesity. However, considering the large percentage of persons who are obese, obesity seems to be the principal factor at which a primary prevention programme at the community level should be aimed, in order to limit the incidence of hyperglycaemic states.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Adulto , Diabetes Mellitus/etiologia , Diabetes Mellitus/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estado Nutricional , Prevalência , Saúde Pública , Fatores de Risco , Índias Ocidentais/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Diabetes mellitus is now among the ten leading causes of death in the Caribbean. Studies of the prevalence of dysglycaemic disorder and risk factors for diabetes are necessary in order to design and implement tailored prevention programmes. The present study is of a representative sample of the adult population in Guadeloupe. The estimated prevalence of diabetes is 5.8% in adults, and that of impaired glucose tolerance is 7.4%. The percentage of insulin-treated patients is low, 14% of diabetics. The principal risk factors of diabetes,as classically recognised, are shown to operate. At the individual level, the presence of a diabetic parent is greater relative risk factor than obesity. However, considering the large percentage of persons who are obese, obesity seems to be the principal factor at which a primary prevention programme at the community level should be aimed, in order to limit the incidence of hyperglycaemic states
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Feminino , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Fatores de Risco , Diabetes Mellitus/prevenção & controle , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Hiperglicemia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Diabetes mellitus is now among the ten leading causes of death in the Caribbean. Studies of the prevalence of dysglycaemic disorder and risk factors for diabetes are necessary in order to design and implement tailored prevention programmes. The present study is of a representative sample of the adult population in Guadeloupe. The estimated prevalence of diabetes is 5.8 percent in adults, and that of impaired glucose tolerance is 7.4 percent. The percentage of insulin-treated patients is low, 14 percent of diabetics. The principal risk factors of diabetes,as classically recognised, are shown to operate. At the individual level, the presence of a diabetic parent is greater relative risk factor than obesity. However, considering the large percentage of persons who are obese, obesity seems to be the principal factor at which a primary prevention programme at the community level should be aimed, in order to limit the incidence of hyperglycaemic states (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Masculino , Feminino , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Diabetes Mellitus/prevenção & controle , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Hiperglicemia/epidemiologia , Fatores de RiscoAssuntos
Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus , Fatores de RiscoAssuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Diabetes Mellitus , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Diabetes mellitus is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the Caribbean. In order to design and implement specific prevention programmes, it is necessary to estimate the prevalence of glycaemic disorders and study the risk factors involved. This paper presents the results of such a study from a representative sample of the adult population in Guadeloupe. The estimated total prevalence of glycaemic disorders was 13.2 per cent of the adult population over 18 years of age. Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) appeared in 7.4 per cent of subjects. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 5.8 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval: 4.4-7.2). Insulin-dependent patients represent 14 per cent of all diabetics. The associated factors studied were sex, age, obesity, parental diabetes status and ethnicity. The relative risk (RR) for age in non-obese non-diabetic parent patients was 5.1. In older subjects, RR for diabetic parent without obesity was 3.2 and for obesity alone 1.8. For obesity and diabetic parent, RR was 5.0. In this case, there was additivity of these two factors. Except age, the individual predominant factor of Diabetes mellitus was the presence of a diabetic parent; this was more evident in the small and closed Indian group. In the Public Health approach, i.e. taking into account the prevalence of each risk factor in the population, obesity was the most important. It is also the one and only factor which could be reached directly by a prevention programme (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Intolerância à Glucose , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores Etários , Genética , Doenças Genéticas Inatas , Diabetes Mellitus , Região do CaribeRESUMO
In 1984, the sale of alcoholic beverages in Guadeloupe corresponded to 2.6 million litres of pure alcohol (LPA). This volume represents, after correction for export and illegal production, a mean consumption of over some 15 LPA a year per person over fifteen years of age (France: 19 LPA). This consumption leads to alcohol pathology, observed as a high level of mortality due to alcohol encephalopathy. The prevalence of alcohol encephalopathy seems to be characteristic of French Overseas territories (Martinique, Guadeloupe and Guyana) when compared to continental France (Guadeloupe 27.8/100,000 and France 6.3/100,000) or to neighbouring islands. In order to design prevention programmes, and to investigate the aetiology of this pathology, an epidemiology inquiry was undertaken. The results of this study on a representative sample (1,049 subjects) of the adult population has shown a link between patterns of alcohol consumption and sex, age, level of education, employment and social status. Fifty-seven per cent of men and 23 per cent of women drink alcohol on a daily basis. Thirty per cent of men and 10 per cent of women drink the equivalent of 80 gm or more of pure alcohol per day. Rum represents 52 per cent of the overall consumption of alcoholic beverages. This characteristic pattern could explain, at least in part, the high observed prevalence of the alcoholic encephalopathy (AU)