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BACKGROUND: In the working population, there are risks of overload due to physical, mental, and emotional demands. No instrument is available in Spanish to measure these three types of work fatigue (WF) separately. This paper adapts the Three-Dimensional Work Fatigue Inventory (3D-WFI) (2015), which is of American origin and measures and differentiates these three different types of WF. It has adequate psychometric properties at its root, as do the subsequent German (2018), Lebanese (2022), and Chinese (2023) adaptations. METHODS: A total of 1100 workers (average age = 40 years) from economic sectors such as security and transportation of valuables, secondary and university educational institutions, and healthcare centers participated. They responded to the 3D-WFI, the Health-Related Quality of Life Index, and the Individual Strength Checklist for concurrent validity effects, together with items with sociodemographic and lifestyle variables. RESULTS: A confirmatory factor analysis with the total sample 3D-WFI supports its three-dimensionality; Cronbach's alpha and Omega values are adequate by dimensions: for physical work fatigue (α = 0.92, Ω = 0.92), for mental work fatigue (α = 0.94. Ω = 0.94), and emotional work fatigue (α = 0.95, Ω = 0.95). The 3D-WFI correlates significantly with the Checklist Individual Strength (0.743), and a pattern of significant relationships is found between WF and antecedent variables (e.g., being exposed to heat and noise, emotional labor, concentration, and workwear), as well as some consequences of WF (for example, mental health, absenteeism, work satisfaction, and sleep quality). CONCLUSIONS: We contribute here to the cross-cultural validity of the 3D-WFI, which can be used reliably and validly in the Chilean and probably Latin American working population. Some WF predictor variables are confirmed, as well as WF impacts on the absenteeism, health, and quality of life among workers.

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On 18 October 2019, the Chilean people witnessed an unprecedented social outbreak across most of their country. We argue that a state of anomie is a factor associated with the weakening of states, and an anomic state might negatively influence people's well-being through an increased feeling of irritation. Convenience recruitment via social networks allowed us to form a sample of 194 Chilean participants from the center-south region of the country (M = 36.53 years old, SD = 17.48; 56.7% women). All participants completed testing instruments to measure anomie, irritation, happiness, and political beliefs. Descriptive scores suggest situating Chile in the quadrant of high anomie. Two mediation analyses were conducted. The main results showed a negative indirect effect of the breakdown of the social fabric and leadership on happiness through irritation, although the findings for the former dimension were more robust. Additionally, the breakdown of the social fabric was positively related to the belief that left and right-wing democratic governments are helpless when it comes to fighting delinquency. The breakdown of leadership, on the other hand, was negatively related to political interest. The results should be interpreted with caution due to the limitations of the sample type and the construction validity of some instruments.

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The decision-making literature distinguishes one maximizing style from another satisficing decision-making style, but it is unknown whether these styles remain stable or are variable depending on the occasion. One way to approach it is to verify eventual generalization of these styles in behavior of people in different decision domains. Some incipient results with University students from the United States and Austria suggest that these styles would remain in three different domains. However, it is unknown if this is the case in adults, other cultures, or vital areas of great relevance, such as health and personal finances. The objective here is to identify if Chilean Latin American participants of different sex and age maintain their decision-making style in five different decision domains. The sample was 343 volunteers, 52.6% men, from two regions of central-southern Chile (Maule and Ñuble), aged between 20 and 90 years (M = 45.47; SD = 16.05), who answered the Maximization Tendency Scale, and 45 items corresponding to five different decision domains: health, life decision, finances, services and experiences, and consumer's good. An apparent coherence of decision-making style-maximizing and satisficing-was obtained in the five domains. The health domain stands out for being the one in which it is maximized and with greater internal homogeneity.

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BACKGROUND: This study aimed to verify the relationships between sleep problems and both commuting and workplace accidents in workers of both sexes. METHODS: The study was carried out with a sample of workers (n = 2993; 50.2% female) from the Chilean Quality of Life Survey (ENCAVI) 2015-2016, while the rates of both workplace and commuting accidents were extracted from the statistics of the Superintendence of Social Security (SUSESO 2015; 180,036 and 52,629 lost-time accidents, respectively). RESULTS: Chilean workers sleep less than the rest of the people in the country (MW = 7.14 vs. MO = 7.33; t (6789) = - 5.19; p < .001), while the Chilean people as a whole sleep less compared to those of other countries (7.24 h per day). Likewise, it was found that sleep problems are more strongly related to commuting than to workplace accidents. In this vein, sleep quantity can explain 24% of the variance in commuting accidents' rates (Stepwise Method; R2 = .30, F (1.14) = 5.49, p < .05; ß = -.55, p < .05), by using aggregated data with all types of commuting roles (driver of a vehicle, a passenger of public or private transport, or as a pedestrian). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that sleep quantity has a more robust relationship with commuting than workplace accidents, a neglected issue so far. Future prevention programs should emphasize sleep hygiene and focus on commuting to and from work.

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Abstract There is a lack of theoretical consensus about the decision-making process and particularly regarding the maximization construct. Recently, two conceptual approaches to maximization and their respective instruments were proposed. The first defines maximization as consisting of two dimensions, goal and strategy. The second differentiates between the two types of maximization according to the way an individual makes decisions, one is resolute and the other is fearful. Regarding the first approach, empirical goal and strategy relationships with emotional consequences on well-being and discomfort are unknown while deciding, while it is doubt whether the distinction proposed in the second approach also applies to the adult population and in contexts different from the European one. Empirical associations are evaluated here for each approach regarding indicators of malaise and well-being through a set of hypotheses. A sample of 624 Chilean adults of both sexes (20 to 70 years old) answered eight instruments on maximization, its components and types, and well-being and malaise. The results for both approaches show greater associations with rates of malaise than well-being. The results for the first approach show a more intense association with indices of malaise and well-being for strategy than goal. In the second approach, these associations are stronger and greater for fearful maximization than for resolute. The results contribute by increasing the understanding of the maximization construct by simultaneously showing that the increment in the strategy search for alternatives and the fearful style of maximization are directly associated with difficulty in deciding and regret.

Resumen Existe carencia de consenso teórico acerca del proceso de tomar decisiones y particularmente respecto del constructo maximización. Recientemente, se propuso dos enfoques conceptuales sobre maximización y sus respectivos instrumentos de evaluación. El primero considera que el concepto de maximización está constituido por dos dimensiones, meta y estrategia. El segundo diferencia entre dos tipos de maximización según el modo de decidir de un individuo, uno resuelto y otro temeroso. Respecto del primer enfoque se desconocen eventuales relaciones empíricas de meta y estrategia con consecuencias emocionales sobre el bienestar y malestar mientras se decide, mientras existe la duda si la distinción propuesta en el segundo enfoque se aplica también a población de adultos y en contextos diferentes al europeo. En el presente trabajo son evaluadas asociaciones empíricas para cada enfoque respecto de indicadores de malestar y bienestar mediante un conjunto de hipótesis. Una muestra de 624 adultos chilenos de ambos sexos (20 a 70 años) respondió ocho instrumentos sobre maximización, sus componentes y sus tipos, y su bienestar y malestar. Los resultados para ambos enfoques muestran asociaciones mayores con índices de malestar que de bienestar. Los resultados para el primer enfoque muestran asociación con índices de malestar y bienestar más intensos para la dimensión de estrategia que la de meta. En el segundo enfoque estas asociaciones son fuertes y mayores para el tipo de maximización temerosa que para resuelta. Los resultados contribuyen a incrementar la comprensión del constructo de maximización, al mostrar simultáneamente que el aumento en la estrategia de búsqueda de alternativas y el estilo temeroso de maximización, se asocian directamente con dificultad para decidir y con experimentar pesar.

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The world's elderly population is growing, and in Chile they represent 16.2% of the total population. In Chile, old age is marked by retirement, with a dramatic decrease in income that brings precariousness. Older adults are economically, socially, and psychologically vulnerable populations. This condition increases their likelihood of disengaging from their usual social environment, facilitating their isolation, sadness, and discomfort. From the perspective of social identity, well-being (WB) can be explained by two principles: social groups' importance for health and people's psychological identification with those groups. This study analyzes the relationships between belonging to the neighborhood and extra-neighborhood groups and neighborhood social identification with WB. Urban or rural location and gender are measured, and the sample is 1,475 older Chilean adults of both sexes. The results show that the majority are not members of social groups (52%), and the remaining 48% are members of one or two groups or organizations (42.65%). Only 4.47% belong to three groups or organizations. Those who belong to groups obtain higher scores, emotional-mental WB, and positive emotions than older adults who do not belong to any organization. Urban and rural older adults have the same level of WB. Membership in close social organizations (neighborhood councils) or distant ones (clubs for the elderly and religious groups) causes different WB associations. Membership in neighborhood councils reduces gender differences in self-assessment of health. This result supports the idea that participation in heterogeneous groups with a shared sense of belonging to the neighborhood is associated with higher WB and lower perceived loneliness. Social identification with the neighborhood, rather than belonging to the group, had the most widespread impact on WB and health indicators. The variable social identification with the neighborhood was consistently associated with indicators of hedonic WB.

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Resumen La mitad de la población mundial son trabajadores, por lo que invertir en políticas de salud hacia ellos es muy relevante. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (oms) insta a los estados miembros a generar planes de salud ocupacional evaluables para promover el bienestar de los trabajadores, para lo cual se requiere contar con instrumentos adecuados. Se estudian aquí propiedades psicométricas del instrumento para evaluar riesgo psicosocial SUSESO-ISTAS 21 versión breve (20 ítems), aplicado a 341 trabajadores hospitalarios (región del Maule, Chile), conjuntamente con la DASS21 (Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés). La confiabilidad general es adecuada, reafirmando informes previos. Respecto de validez, cuatro de las cinco dimensiones de la versión breve no alcanzan valores psicométricos adecuados, no confirmándose la estructura factorial teorizada. Se obtiene apoyo a la validez convergente con DASS21. Se discute y propone acerca de lo psicométrico y sus usos eventuales.

Abstract Workers represent half of the world's population, so investing in public health policies aimed at them has enormous importance. The World Health Organization (who) urges member states to generate assessable occupational health plans that promote their wellbeing. The study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of ISTAS-SUSESO 21 short version (20 items), which is an instrument for assessing psychosocial risk developed for Chile. We performed reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation model and convergent validity analysis with the DASS21 Scale (Depression, Anxiety and Stress) using a sample of 341 hospital employees in the region of Maule (Chile). Overall reliability is adequate, reaffirming previous reports. Regarding validity, four of five dimensions of the short version does not reach adequate psychometric values, and theorized factorial structure is not confirmed. We found support for convergent validity with DASS 21, and discussed the psychometric and its possible uses.

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Estudiar la felicidad psicométricamente es reciente, y los escasos instrumentos disponibles son de raíz inglesa. Felicidad es un concepto no consensuado aún, típicamente medido como unidimensional, mediante pocos ítems directos, y generalmente sin especificarse qué lo constituye. En el Estudio 1 y basados en un concepto pentadimensional y emic de felicidad, fue construida una escala de 100 ítem para medirla en adultos chilenos. Aplicada a diferentes muestras (n=68; n=277) y mediante análisis factorial exploratorio fue depurada, dando origen a la Escala de Felicidad Para Adultos (EFPA) con 21 ítem de buena confiabilidad y validez, distribuidos en cuatro dimensiones: estado psicológico, tener familia, orientación de logro y optimismo. En un Estudio 2 fue realizada una validación cruzada de la EFPA en una nueva muestra de adultos (n=341), y mediante análisis paralelo y ecuaciones estructurales se probó diferentes modelos, confirmándose uno de cuatro y otro de tres dimensiones, optándose por éste último: estado, tener familia y orientación de logro

Studying happiness psychometrically is recent, and the few available instruments are English rooted. Happiness is a concept that hasn't reached to an agreement yet, typically measured as unidimensional, through a few direct items, and usually not specifying what constitutes it. In study 1, and based on a pentadimensional and emic concept of happiness, a 100 items scale was built to measure it among Chilean adults. It was applied to different samples (n=68; n=277) and refined through exploratory factor analysis, giving origin to the Happiness Scale for Adults (EFPA) -composed by 21 items- with good reliability and validity, distributed among four dimensions: psychological state, having family, achievement orientation and optimism. In study 2, the EFPA crossed validity was carried out with a new sample of adults (n=341), and through parallel analysis and structural equation modelling various models were tested, being confirmed one of 4 and other of 3 dimensions, keeping the later: state, having family and achievement orientation.

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Se identificó la relación entre estrategias de enfrentamiento, salud mental (SM) y felicidad en trabajadores de una universidad en huelga y ocupación estudiantil, de acuerdo con status laboral - académico o administrativo-, grado de concordancia con el movimiento estudiantil y sexo. Ciento sesenta y dos participantes respondieron a la Escala de felicidad subjetiva y estrategias de enfrentamiento, y a la Escala de Goldberg (GHQ12). Obtuvimos y discutimos: 1) el uso del humor está asociado con SM y la felicidad y ésta, a la reevaluación cognitiva, enfrentamiento religioso y bajo enfrentamiento de evitación, 2) mayor malestar por la ocupación - peor SM, 3) no tener acceso a el espacio de trabajo está asociado con peor SM, más con iguales niveles de felicidad que los que tuvieron acceso, 4) el enfrentamiento varía de acuerdo con el status de académico o administrativo y con el sexo, 5) SM y felicidad no varían de acuerdo con el status académico, 6) aquellos que son pro-movimiento estudiantil presentan mejor SM que aquellos que no lo son

Identificamos a relação entre estratégias de enfrentamento, saúde mental (SM) e felicidade em trabalhadores de uma universidade em greve e com ocupação estudantil, de acordo com: o status laboral (acadêmico ou administrativo), o grau de concordância com o movimento estudantil e o sexo. Cento e sessenta e dois participantes responderam à Escala de felicidade subjetiva e estratégias de enfrentamento, e à Escala de Goldberg (GHQ12). Obtivemos e discutimos: 1) o uso de humor está associado à SM e à felicidade e esta, à reavaliação cognitiva, ao enfrentamento religioso e ao baixo enfrentamento de evitação; 2) quanto maior o mal-estar pela ocupação, pior a SM; 3) não ter acesso ao espaço de trabalho está associado com pior SM, mas com iguais níveis de felicidade do que aqueles que tiveram acesso; 4) o enfrentamento varia de acordo com o status de acadêmico ou administrativo e com o sexo; 5) SM e felicidade não variam de acordo com o status acadêmico, 6) aqueles que são pró-movimento estudantil apresentam melhor SM do que aqueles que não são o são

We identify the relationship between coping strategies, mental health (MH) and happiness in university workers during a student's strike-campus occupation, according to the status or role -academic or administrative- , degree of agreement to the social movement claims and gender. One hundred sixty-two participants responded the Coping Strategies and Subjective Happiness Scale, and to the Goldberg GHQ12 Scale. It was obtained and discussed that: 1) the use of humor was related with MH, and this was related to happiness, cognitive reprocessing, religious coping and low avoiding coping; 2) the greater discomfort caused by the occupation of campus the lower MH level; 3) those who had no access to their offices, have worse MH than those who did have access, with equal levels of happiness; 4) coping strategies change according role and gender; 5) there is no differences between role types according to MH or happiness, 6) those who are pro social movement have better MH than those who are not

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Se adaptó al contexto chileno la escala de Incremento de la Felicidad (HIS, de Tkach y Lyubomirsky, 2006) para medir estrategias conductuales de incremento de la felicidad, con el nombre de cuestionario de estrategias para aumentar los estados de Ánimo positivos (CEA-EAP) con 44 ítems en formato Likert de 4 puntos. Este, junto con la EFS (Lyubomirsky y Lepper 1999) fue respondido por 443 estudiantes universitarios (Cronbach global de .80), quienes se autoclasificaron como extra o introvertidos. El ANAFAC mostró una estructura diferente a la original de ocho factores y mayoritariamente con buena confiabilidad. Las estrategias de control mental y auto-cuidado o reevaluación positiva y reorientación positiva de la atención, las de sociabilización recreativa o festejar y, en menor medida pero también otras tres diferentes estrategias, se asociaron a felicidad (EFS), y a la autoclasificación de extrovertido. Ocio pasivo se asoció a introversión y no tuvo relación con la EFS.

The scale of happiness increase (HIS, of Tkach and Lyubomirsky, 2006) to measure behavioural strategies of increased happiness, was adapted to the chilean context with the name of questionnaire of strategies to increase positive moods (CEA-EAP), with 44 items in 4-point Likert format. This, together with the EFS (Lyubomirsky y Lepper 1999) was answered by 443 undergraduates (global Cronbach's alpha =.80), who self-rated as extra or Introverted. The ANAFAC showed an 8 factors structure -mostly with good reliability- that differed from the original. The strategies of mental and self-care control or positive re-evaluation and positive reorientation of attention, the recreational socialization or celebrate and, to a lesser extent but also other three different strategies were associated with happiness (EFS), and to the self-rating of Extrovert. passive leisure was associated with introversion and had no relationship with the EFS.

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