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University students, as young adults, are at risk for Body Dissatisfaction (BD) and Distorted Body Image (DBI), which are related to Disordered Eating Behaviors (DEBs). This study aimed to assess changes in the prevalence of these three conditions over six years; and the associations between them. Data was collected through an annual online survey from 2017 to 2022 at a private university in Mexico City. Students between 18-30 years old were invited to participate. Body image-related variables were assessed by the Stunkard's Silhouettes and Body Mass Index, by self-reported height and weight. Disordered Eating Behaviors were measured by the Brief Disordered Eating Behaviors Questionnaire. A median of 250 students participated per year, with a median age of 21 years old. The prevalence was 63.5-71.7% for BD, 40.4-49.1% for DBI, and 25-38.3% for DEBs. DEBs and BD showed associations during the whole period (OR from 3.6 to 15.9, p ≤ 0.001); as well as DBI with DEBs (OR from 1.9 to 3.3, p < 0.05). Alterations in Body Image and eating behaviors are common conditions, mainly in women and in the young population. Therefore, it is important to promote screening for these conditions, as they usually remain undiagnosed, their prevalence is increasing worldwide, and their impact on physical and mental health has already been acknowledged.

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Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an inherited clinical-electrocardiographic arrhythmic entity with an autosomal dominant genetic pattern of inheritance or de novo variant. The syndrome has low worldwide prevalence, but is endemic in Southeast Asian countries (Thailand, Philippines and Japan). The BrS is a subtle structural heart disease (SHD), and the diagnosis is only possible when the so-called type 1 Brugada ECG pattern is spontaneously present or induced for example with fever. Repolarization-depolarization disturbances in BrS patients can be caused by genetic mutations, abnormal neural crest cell migration, low expression of connexin-43 gap junction protein, or connexome disturbances. A recent autopsy study revealed increase in biventricular collagen with myocardial fibrosis when compared with control subjects although the main affected cardiac territory is the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). In this location, there is abnormally low expression of significant connexin-43 gap junction responsible for the electro-vectorcardiographic manifestations of terminal QRS conduction delay in the right standard precordial leads (V1-V2), high right precordial leads (V1H-V2H), as well as in the unipolar aVR lead ("the forgotten lead"). Based on their location, these leads reflect the electrical activity of the RVOT.

A síndrome de Brugada (SBr) é uma entidade arrítmica clínico-eletrocardiográfica hereditária com padrão genético autossômico dominante de herança ou variante de novo. A síndrome tem baixa prevalência mundial, porém sendo endêmica no Sudeste Asiático (Tailândia, Filipinas e Japão). A SBr é uma doença cardíaca minimamente estrutural, sendo o diagnóstico só possível na presença do chamado padrão ECG de Brugada tipo 1 espontâneo ou induzido, por exemplo, a febre. Os distúrbios de repolarização-despolarização em pacientes com SBr podem ser causados por mutações genéticas responsáveis pela migração anormal de células da crista neural, baixa expressão "gap junctions" conexina-43 ou distúrbios do conexoma. Um estudo recente de autópsia revelou aumento do colágeno biventricular com fibrose miocárdica quando comparado aos controles, embora o principal território cardíaco afetado seja a via de saída do ventrículo direito (VSVD). Nessa área, há menor expressão da conexina-43, o que se traduz no ECG-VCG por atraso final de condução do QRS nas derivações precordiais direitas (V1-V2), precordiais direitas altas (V1H-V2H), bem como na derivação unipolar aVR ("a derivação esquecida"). Com base em sua localização, esses eletrodos refletem a atividade elétrica da VSVD

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BACKGROUND: Tellurium is a rare metalloid that exerts high toxicity on cells, especially on bacteria, partly due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Moreover, it has also been observed that tellurite can target free cell thiols groups (RSH) (i.e. reduced glutathione (GSH)), enhancing the cellular redox imbalance. Additionally, in vitro experiments have suggested that several enzymes can reduce tellurite (IV) to its elemental form (0); where RSH present on their active sites may be responsible for the process. Nevertheless, the mechanisms implemented by bacteria for tellurite reduction and its role in resistance have not been evaluated in vivo. RESULTS: This work shows that tellurite reduction to elemental tellurium is increased under anaerobic conditions in E. coli cells. The in vivo tellurite reduction is related to the intracellular concentration of total RSH, in the presence and absence of oxygen. This metabolization of tellurite directly contributes to the resistance of the bacteria to the oxyanion. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that in vivo tellurite reduction is related to the intracellular thiol concentration, i.e. large availability of cellular RSH groups, results in a more significant reduction of tellurite. Furthermore, we observed that, when the bacterium exhibits less resistance to the oxyanion, a decreased tellurite reduction was seen, affecting the growth fitness. Together, these results let us propose that tellurite reduction and the intracellular RSH content are related to the oxyanion bacterial resistance, this tripartite mechanism in an oxygen-independent anaerobic process.

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INTRODUCTION: The FOLFOX6 scheme is a combination drug chemotherapy that contains calcium leucovorin (folinic acid), fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin, the chronic use of chemotherapy with oxaliplatin can progress to focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), which is a benign hepatic lesion. CASE REPORT: We present a case of a 26- year-old female diagnosed with an ovarian mixed germ cell tumor with extension to the peritoneum, treated with 12 cycles in 9 months with neoadjuvant chemotherapy FOLFOX 6 scheme and oophorectomy. A three-year follow-up CT showed three nodular and hypervascular hepatic lesions suspicious of metastatic disease; an MRI with liver-specific contrast confirmed the diagnosis of FNH. MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOME: The patient continued her follow-up without other treatment and metastatic disease. DISCUSSION: While most multiple liver lesions in a patient with cancer will be suspicious of metastasis, a careful drug history should be obtained, as an oxaliplatin-related side effect to develop FNH has been reported. MRI with liver-specific contrast has a positive predictive value of 95% because of the biliary excretion through OATP1B3 transporter, expressed in functional hepatocytes and overexpressed in some liver tumors such as FNH, so it should be performed when FNH is suspected.

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BACKGROUND: Tellurium is a rare metalloid that exerts high toxicity on cells, especially on bacteria, partly due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Moreover, it has also been observed that tellurite can target free cell thiols groups (RSH) (i.e. reduced glutathione (GSH)), enhancing the cellular redox imbalance. Additionally, in vitro experiments have suggested that several enzymes can reduce tellurite (IV) to its elemental form (0); where RSH present on their active sites may be responsible for the process. Nevertheless, the mechanisms implemented by bacteria for tellurite reduction and its role in resistance have not been evaluated in vivo. RESULTS: This work shows that tellurite reduction to elemental tellurium is increased under anaerobic conditions in E. coli cells. The in vivo tellurite reduction is related to the intracellular concentration of total RSH, in the presence and absence of oxygen. This metabolization of tellurite directly contributes to the resistance of the bacteria to the oxyanion. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that in vivo tellurite reduction is related to the intracellular thiol concentration, i.e. large availability of cellular RSH groups, results in a more significant reduction of tellurite. Furthermore, we observed that, when the bacterium exhibits less resistance to the oxyanion, a decreased tellurite reduction was seen, affecting the growth fitness. Together, these results let us propose that tellurite reduction and the intracellular RSH content are related to the oxyanion bacterial resistance, this tripartite mechanism in an oxygen independent anaerobic process.

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No estamos solos. Bacterias, hongos, parásitos y virus habitan cualquier parte de nuestro organismo y pueden cumplir funciones biológicas importantes, bien sea benéficas o dañinas. Conocerlos es fundamental para un manejo adecuado. Con las herramientas que utiliza el Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas se pueden identificar la presencia del microorganismo y los marcadores moleculares de interés para la salud, como los relacionados con la resistencia a antibióticos, lo que aporta una información muy útil para el manejo de los pacientes.

We are not alone. Bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses inhabit any part of our body and can perform important biological functions, either beneficial or harmful. Knowing them is essential for proper management. With the tools used by the Microbiological Research Group, the presence of the microorganism and molecular markers of interest for health, such as those related to antibiotic resistance, can be identified, which provides very useful information for patient management.

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RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio observacional analítico es determinar el efecto de la Terapia Miofuncional en el perfil facial de voluntarios con maloclusión y disfunción orofacial, mediante fotogrametría. En una muestra de 15 pacientes, se midieron indirectamente mediante fotogrametría en el Software Blue Sky Plan® las siguientes variables cefalométricas: Ángulo Nasolabial, Prominencia Labial y Plano Estético. Se realizó toma de fotografías al comenzar la Terapia Miofuncional (primera sesión) y al finalizarla (décima sesión). Para comparar valores obtenidos en el mismo voluntario en cada variable cefalométrica entre principio y final de terapia, análisis estadísticos fueron realizados. Se determinó que no hay diferencia estadística en valores obtenidos en ninguna de las variables cefalométricas al comparar el inicio con el final de terapia. Por consiguiente, se concluyó que la Terapia Miofuncional no tiene un efecto significativo en estas variables de perfil facial en voluntarios con maloclusión y disfunción orofacial medidas mediante fotogrametría, pese a cambios funcionales percibidos por pacientes y evaluadores. Es fundamental poder realizar un diagnóstico riguroso y posterior derivación a Fonoaudiología, si corresponde, para lograr equilibrio funcional en los pacientes y reducir riesgo de progresión o reaparición de Anomalías Dentomaxilares.

ABSTRACT: This analytical observational study aimed to determine the effect of Myofunctional Therapy on the facial profile in volunteers with malocclusion and orofacial dysfunction, through photogrammetry. Fifteen patients were recruited, and the following cephalometric variables were measured indirectly through photogrammetry in the Blue Sky Plan Software (Blue Sky Bio®): Nasolabial Angle, Lip Prominence and Aesthetic Plane. Previous photographs were taken, at the beginning of Myofunctional Therapy (first session) and the end (tenth session). To compare the values of each variable in a volunteer between the beginning and end of therapy, statistical analyses were performed. There was no statistical difference in the values obtained in any of these variables when comparing the beginning and the end of myofunctional therapy. Therefore, it was concluded that myofunctional therapy does not have a statistically significant effect on these facial profile variables in volunteers with malocclusion and orofacial dysfunction measured by photogrammetry, despite the functional changes perceived by patients and evaluators. However, it is essential to perform a rigorous diagnosis and subsequent referral to speech therapy, if applicable, to achieve functional balance in the patients and reduce progression or recurrence risk of Dentomaxillary Abnormalities.

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Resumen La infección crónica por virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) y la diabetes mellitus (DM) son dos problemas de salud pública que impactan los sistemas de salud, con una alta carga económica global. La infección por VHC produce manifestaciones hepáticas tales como hepatitis, cirrosis y carcinoma hepatocelular; asimismo, se ha involucrado en la patogénesis de manifestaciones extrahepáticas, entre las cuales se ha asociado con alteraciones metabólicas como la DM. Estudios longitudinales y transversales han reportado mayor incidencia y prevalencia de DM en pacientes con infección crónica por VHC. La DM acelera la progresión histológica y clínica en pacientes con infección crónica por VHC y las complicaciones cardiovasculares. Recientemente se ha avanzado en el tratamiento y la introducción de nuevos medicamentos como los antivirales de acción directa, que mejoran el control glucémico en estos pacientes.

Abstract Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are two public health problems that impact health care systems with overall high costs. HCV infections cause liver manifestations such as hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. They have also been involved in the pathogenesis of extrahepatic manifestations among which are metabolic disorders such as DM. Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies have reported a higher incidence and prevalence of DM in patients with chronic HCV infections. DM accelerates histological and clinical progression of chronic HCV infections and leads to cardiovascular complications. Recently, progress has been made in treatment with the introduction of new medications such as direct-acting antiviral drugs that improve glycemic control in these patients.

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Resumen Los tumores pardos son una forma localizada de osteítis fibrosa no neoplásica, secundaria a hiperparatiroidismo (primario o secundario). Hacen parte de las alteraciones del metabolismo mineral y óseo de la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC). Se manifiestan como lesiones líticas, expansivas, asociadas a masas de tejidos blandos, que pueden estar localizadas en cualquier parte del esqueleto, con predilección por las costillas, clavículas, pelvis, fémur, huesos faciales y mandíbula. Reportamos dos casos de paciente con ERC en terapia de reemplazo renal (TRR), con hiperparatiroidismo secundario y tumores pardos localizados en mandíbula, arcos costales y cuerpos vertebrales, con manifestaciones radiológicas atípicas. Conclusión: los tumores pardos hacen parte de las alteraciones óseas de los pacientes con ERC. El aspecto benigno en los estudios de imágenes (lesiones expansivas sin destrucción de la cortical) en el contexto de un paciente con hiperparatiroidismo, pueden sugerir el diagnóstico. (Acta Med Colomb 2018; 43: 221-225).

Abstract Brown tumors are a localized form of non-neoplastic osteitis fibrosa, secondary to hyperparathyroidism (primary or secondary). They are part of the alterations of the mineral and bone metabolism of chronic kidney disease (CKD). They manifest as lytic, expansive lesions associated to soft tissue masses that can be located in any part of the skeleton with predilection for the ribs, clavicles, pelvis, femur, facial bones and jaw. Two cases of patients with CKD in renal replacement therapy (RRT), with secondary hyperparathyroidism and brown tumors located in the jaw, costal arches and vertebral bodies, with atypical radiological manifestations are described. Conclusion: brown tumors are part of the bone disorders of patients with CKD. The benign appearance in imaging studies (expansive lesions without destruction of the cortex) in the context of a patient with hyperparathyroidism, may suggest the diagnosis. (Acta Med Colomb 2018; 43: 221-225).

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