RESUMO
Gastrointestinal protist (GP) and soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections cause significant morbidity among children in poor-resource settings of tropical and sub-tropical countries including Colombia. Few prospective transversal studies investigating how GP and STH infections affect growth development and nutritional status during childhood have been conducted in this country, none of them in the Antioquia Department. This microscopy-based study estimated the prevalence of GP and helminth (including STH) infections in faecal samples from schoolchildren (n = 384) collected during April-May 2019 in three municipalities of the Antioquia Department. Demographic, epidemiological, and household data were elicited through face-to-face interviews. Parasite detection was carried out by direct microscopic examination of both fresh smears and concentrated faecal material. Children (aged 6-15 years) also had their haemoglobin (Hb) levels, height and weight data collected, and BMI estimated. Data were analysed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Overall, 60.7 % (233/384) of schoolchildren were infected by at least one intestinal parasitic species. Among GPs, Blastocystis sp. was the most common species found (47.7 %, 95 % CI: 42.6-52.8), followed by G. duodenalis (15.9 %, 95 % CI: 12.4-19.9). Cryptosporidium spp. and Cyclospora cayetanensis were sporadically identified (0.3 %, 95 % CI: 0.1-1.4 each). Among helminths, the most prevalent species found were Trichuris trichiura (6.0 %, 95 % CI: 3.8-8.9) and Enterobius vermicularis (1.0 %, 95 % CI: 0.3-2.6). Hookworms, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Strongyloides stercoralis were found at prevalence rates <1 %. Underweight, overweigh, or obese schoolchildren had 1.2 times greater chance of being infected with intestinal parasites than their counterparts with a healthy weight (P-value: 0.015). Variables significantly associated with an increased likelihood of being infected by intestinal parasites include living in a household with unfinished flouring, not wearing shoes, being in close proximity to rodents, and having improper waste disposal. Relatively simple interventional measures directed towards the improvement of household conditions, access to sanitary toilets, and promoting shoe wearing can significantly reduce childhood infections by GP and helminths in the Antioquia Department.
Assuntos
Criptosporidiose , Cryptosporidium , Helmintíase , Helmintos , Enteropatias Parasitárias , Parasitos , Humanos , Criança , Animais , Estado Nutricional , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Enteropatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/parasitologia , Helmintíase/epidemiologia , Helmintíase/parasitologia , Solo/parasitologia , Fezes/parasitologia , PrevalênciaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The human-T cell lymphotropic virus is a retrovirus with various types known so far. HTLV-I and HTLV-II are of clinically importance as they cause different diseases such as adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, tropical spastic paraparesis, and human T-lymphotropic virus type I-associated myelopathy (HAM). OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of presumptive and confirmatory reactivity to HTLV-I/II in blood donors of Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe Blood Bank between 2014 and 2015. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The information was obtained from the Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe Blood Bank database. We analyzed age, sex, place of origin, and place of residence of donors, and the reactivity using the screening test (ELISA) as well as the confirmatory test (immunoblot). RESULTS: The donor population studied included 6,275 men and 8,148 women, for a total of 14,423 donors recruited between March 1, 2014, and June 30, 2015. Of all tested donors, 25 were positive for HTLV-I/II by the screening test (ELISA). After performing the confirmatory test (immunoblot), only nine patients were positive for HTLV-I/II (36%), of whom eight were reactive to HTLV-I (32%) and one to HTLV-II (4%), for a global seroprevalence of 0.06% (CI 95%: 0.10-0.25). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings were consistent with those found in similar studies in non-endemic areas of the country and with those from studies at international level reported in the literature.
Assuntos
Doadores de Sangue/estatística & dados numéricos , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano/imunologia , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 2 Humano/imunologia , Adulto , Bancos de Sangue , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
Resumen Introducción . El virus linfotrópico humano de células T (HTLV) es un retrovirus del cual se conocen varios tipos, entre ellos el HTLV-I y el HTLV-II, los cuales son de importancia clínica por ser los causantes de diferentes enfermedades, como la leucemia y el linfoma de células T del adulto, la paraparesia espástica tropical y la mielopatía asociada al HTLV. Objetivo . Obtener la prevalencia de las reacciones presuntiva y confirmatoria de los virus HTLV-I y HTLV-II en los donantes del Banco de Sangre del Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe de Medellín, entre el 2014 y el 2015. Materiales y métodos . La información se obtuvo de la base de datos del Banco de Sangre del Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe. Se analizaron la edad, el sexo y el lugar de procedencia y de residencia de los donantes, así como la reacción en la prueba de tamización (ELISA) y en la prueba confirmatoria (inmunoblot). Resultados . La población de donantes estudiados incluyó a 6.275 hombres y 8.148 mujeres, para un total de 14.423 donantes reclutados entre el 1° de marzo de 2014 y el 30 de junio de 2015. De ellos, 25 resultaron positivos para HTLV-I o HTLV-II en la prueba de tamización (ELISA). En la prueba confirmatoria (inmunoblot), nueve (36 %) pacientes fueron positivos para el HTLV-I o HTLV-II , y de ellos ocho (32 %) lo fueron para el HTLV-I y uno (4 %) para el HTLV-II; la seroprevalencia global fue de 0,06 % (IC95% 0,10-0,25). Conclusiones . Los hallazgos del estudio concordaron con los de estudios similares en áreas no endémicas del país y con los de los estudios consultados a nivel internacional.
Abstract Introduction: The human-T cell lymphotropic virus is a retrovirus with various types known so far. HTLV-I and HTLV-II are of clinically importance as they cause different diseases such as adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, tropical spastic paraparesis, and human T-lymphotropic virus type I-associated myelopathy (HAM). Objective: To estimate the prevalence of presumptive and confirmatory reactivity to HTLV-I/II in blood donors of Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe Blood Bank between 2014 and 2015. Materials and methods: The information was obtained from the Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe Blood Bank database. We analyzed age, sex, place of origin, and place of residence of donors, and the reactivity using the screening test (ELISA) as well as the confirmatory test (immunoblot). Results: The donor population studied included 6,275 men and 8,148 women, for a total of 14,423 donors recruited between March 1, 2014, and June 30, 2015. Of all tested donors, 25 were positive for HTLV-I/II by the screening test (ELISA). After performing the confirmatory test (immunoblot), only nine patients were positive for HTLV-I/II (36%), of whom eight were reactive to HTLV-I (32%) and one to HTLV-II (4%), for a global seroprevalence of 0.06% (CI 95%: 0.10-0.25). Conclusions: Our findings were consistent with those found in similar studies in non-endemic areas of the country and with those from studies at international level reported in the literature.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Doadores de Sangue/estatística & dados numéricos , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano/imunologia , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 2 Humano/imunologia , Bancos de Sangue , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , PrevalênciaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hyperglycemic crisis are the most serious forms of acute decompensation of diabetes mellitus and require urgent medical attention. The epidemiological data of these conditions in Latin America are scarce and in Colombia unknown, that is why we decided to describe the clinical characteristics and factors associated with the mortality of adults who presented with hyperglycemic crises in a teaching hospital in Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of all episodes of hyperglycemic crisis treated in Pablo Tobón Uribe Hospital in a three-year period. RESULTS: The records of 2233 hospitalization episodes related to diabetes mellitus were review, the prevalence of hyperglycemic crises was 2%, half of the events were diabetic ketoacidosis and 57% of the events occurred in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 32% of the events were precipitated by an infection and 27% by and inadequate therapy. The average hospital length of stay was 14 ± 3 days and the mortality rate 2.27%. CONCLUSIONS: In a teaching hospital in Latin America hyperglycemic crises are common, with diabetic ketoacidosis being the most frequent, and in a significant number of cases may be preventable. The hospital length of stay in our population is longer than reported in the literature.