RESUMO
(analítico) La inesperada irrupción del covid-19 tuvo profundas consecuencias para los/las estudiantes universitarios, quienes se vieron forzados/as a desarrollar sus carreras remotamente. Particularmente en Chile, las cohortes de ingreso 2019, 2020 y 2021 conformaron un caso único debido a las diferentes condiciones bajo las cuales se produjo su incorporación. Esta investigación tuvo por fin determinar las diferencias y la relación entre las variables personales y las vivencias académicas en una muestra de 331 estudiantes ad-hoc. Los resultados obtenidos estadísticamente mediante una estrategia asociativa e inferencial permiten concluir que no existen diferencias entre cohortes respecto a su salud mental, salvo en la vivencia con la carrera entre 2020 y 2021. Se presentan sugerencias para su abordaje personal y académico, así como para el desarrollo de estrategias focalizadas en la salud mental universitaria.
(analytical) The unexpected irruption of COVID-19 had profound consequences for university students, who were forced to develop their careers remotely. Particularly in Chile, the 2019, 2020 and 2021 entry cohorts formed a unique case due to the different conditions under which their incorporation took place. This research aimed to determine the differences and the relationship between personal variables and academic experiences in a sample of 331 ad-hoc students. The results obtained statistically through an associative and inferential strategy, allow us to conclude that there are no differences between cohorts with respect to their mental health, except in the experience with the career between 2020 and 2021. Suggestions are presented for their personal and academic approach, as well as for the development of strategies focused on university mental health.
(analítico) A inesperada irrupção do Covid-19 teve consequências profundas para os estudantes universitários, que foram forçados a desenvolver as suas carreiras remotamente. Particularmente no Chile, as coortes de entrada de 2019, 2020 e 2021 foram únicas devido às diferentes condições sob as quais entra-ram. Esta investigação visava determinar as diferenças e a relação entre as variáveis pessoais e as experiências académicas numa amostra de 331 estudantes ad-hoc. Os resultados obtidos estatisticamente através de uma estratégia associativa e inferencial, permitemnos concluir que não existem diferenças entre os coortes no que respeita à sua saúde mental, excepto na experiência com a carreira entre 2020 e 2021. São apresentadas sugestões para abordagens pessoais e académicas, bem como para o desenvolvimento de estratégias centradas na saúde mental universitária.
Assuntos
AnsiedadeRESUMO
Accelerated healing in wild or captive South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens) is a key tool to help minimize infection and complications associated with open wounds, dental disease, and ocular pathology. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autogenous source for growth factors based on platelet concentration, which can be obtained by centrifuging whole blood collected in sodium citrate anticoagulant. Currently, there are well-defined PRP concentration protocols for humans and most domestic companion animal species. However, there is no clear centrifugation protocol for obtaining PRP in most marine mammal species. This study aimed to optimize the platelet concentration protocol based on whole blood centrifugation using speeds ranging from 500 to 5,000 rpm and times ranging from 3 to 6 min. Blood was drawn from seven adult South American sea lions, placed into 1-ml sodium citrate tubes, and centrifuged following 12 different centrifugation protocols. PRP was designated as the lower third fraction of the centrifuged plasma. Platelet counts were performed using flow cytometry and statistical analysis was carried out to establish a well-defined protocol for efficient PRP production. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis was performed to evaluate possible platelet degranulation during the different centrifugation protocols and measure platelet areas. Maximum concentration of platelets in PRP was 4.73-fold higher than the number of platelets in equal volume of whole blood, and significant differences in the concentrations obtained were found between the 12 centrifugation protocols evaluated using different speed and time combinations. The best one-step centrifugation protocol resulted from using 900-rpm speed for 3 min. The highest-fold increase was achieved using a two-step centrifugation protocol, which combined the most efficient one-step centrifugation protocol (900 rpm, 3 min) with a second centrifugation using 2,000-rpm speed for 6 min. TEM analysis confirmed that platelets were complete and maintained integrity after the proposed protocol.
Assuntos
Plasma Rico em Plaquetas , Leões-Marinhos , Animais , Centrifugação/veterinária , Contagem de Plaquetas/veterinária , América do SulRESUMO
RESUMEN La finalidad del presente artículo consiste en describir los componentes de educación y sensibilidad intercultural que se evidencian en la práctica docente con el estudiante sordo en la escuela especial. Se destaca el principio sobre estudiantes sordos estipulado en el documento de la UNESCO (2006) en pro de los aprendizajes en educación, que debe asumir los deberes y derechos inherentes al sujeto sordo en su particularidad lingüística: "La educación intercultural respeta la identidad cultural del educando impartiendo a todos una educación de calidad que se adecúe y adapte a su cultura". De acuerdo con ello, los principios de educación intercultural deben construirse considerando que: I) Se respete la identidad cultural del educando impartiendo a todos [as] una educación de calidad que se adecúe y se adapte a su cultura; II) Se enseñe a cada educando los conocimientos, las actitudes y las competencias culturales necesarias para que pueda participar plena y activamente en la sociedad; III) La elaboración de programas propios de estudio. Esto exige que la institución promueva el acercamiento a la asociación y a la comunidad sorda, para que los estudiantes la conozcan e interactúen en etapas tempranas y así propendan hacia la negociación simétrica de las culturas para reconocer a un Otro diverso en las prácticas docentes del aula.
Abstract This paper aims to describe the components on intercultural sensitivity education, evident in teaching process to deaf learners of a "special school". To respect deaf learners' cultural identity through high quality education adapted to their culture, is the principle of this intercultural education, as per (UNESCO, 2006) for Deaf students, in favor of learning-education, which must assume duties and rights related to their linguistic features, inherent to the deaf learner. Intercultural education principles are based on I) To respect deaf learner cultural identity, not only giving them a high-quality education but also adapted to their culture. II) To teach deaf learners: necessary knowledge, attitudes and cultural skills to participate fully and actively in society. III) To develop study programs by the special school; these programs include : as a contribution, a theoretical revision, based on the construction of sensibility patterns to develop the intercultural education principles actively. Also, it implies that the "special school" must promotes the approaching to the association and the Deaf community, so that means, the students are able to know it and interact with other deaf student in early stages in order to recognize a diverse Other, tending towards the symmetrical negotiation of the cultures in teaching practices, conducted through communicative process in the classroom.
Assuntos
Humanos , Estudantes , Ensino , Surdez , Competência Cultural , Educação de Pessoas com Deficiência Auditiva , Instituições Acadêmicas , Chile , Cultura , Currículo , Aprendizagem , LinguísticaRESUMO
Exposure to cow's milk constitutes one of the most common causes of food allergy. In addition, exposure to soy proteins has become relevant in a restricted proportion of milk allergic pediatric patients treated with soy formulae as a dairy substitute, because of the cross-allergenicity described between soy and milk proteins. We have previously identified several cross-reactive allergens between milk and soy that may explain this intolerance. The purpose of the present work was to identify epitopes in the purified αS1-casein and the recombinant soy allergen Gly m 5.0101 (Gly m 5) using an α-casein-specific monoclonal antibody (1D5 mAb) through two different approaches for epitope mapping, to understand cross-reactivity between milk and soy. The 1D5 mAb was immobilized onto magnetic beads, incubated with the peptide mixture previously obtained by enzymatic digestion of the allergens, and the captured peptides were identified by MALDI-TOF MS analysis. On a second approach, the peptide mixture was resolved by RP-HPLC and immunodominant peptides were identified by dot blot with the mAb. Finally, recognized peptides were sequenced by MALDI-TOF MS. This novel MS based approach led us to identify and characterize four peptides on α-casein and three peptides on Gly m 5 with a common core motif. Information obtained from these cross-reactive epitopes allows us to gain valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms of cross-reactivity, to further develop new and more effective vaccines for food allergy.
Assuntos
Alérgenos/imunologia , Reações Cruzadas , Mapeamento de Epitopos/métodos , Epitopos de Linfócito B/imunologia , Glycine max/química , Leite/química , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz/métodos , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Caseínas/análise , Bovinos , Epitopos de Linfócito B/análise , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Proteínas do Leite/análise , Proteínas do Leite/imunologia , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/análise , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/imunologia , Proteínas de Soja/análiseRESUMO
Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in men and women and a leading cause of death worldwide resulting in more than one million deaths per year. The venom of marine snails Conus contains up to 200 pharmacologically active compounds that target several receptors in the cell membrane. Due to their diversity and specific binding properties, Conus toxins hold great potential as source of new drugs against cancer. We analyzed the cytotoxic effect of a 17-amino acid synthetic peptide (s-cal14.1a) that is based on a native toxin (cal14.1a) isolated from the sea snail Conus californicus. Cytotoxicity studies in four lung cancer cell lines were complemented with measurement of gene expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, BAX and the pro-survival proteins NFκB-1 and COX-2, as well as quantification of caspase activity. Our results showed that H1299 and H1437 cell lines treated with s-call4.1a had decreased cell viability, activated caspases, and reduced expression of the pro-survival protein NFκB-1. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing activation of apoptosis in human lung cancer cell lines by s-cal14.1a and we offer insight into the possible mechanism of action.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Venenos de Moluscos/farmacologia , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Caspase 7/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Caramujo Conus , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Churg-Strauss is a rare, idiopathic, hypereosinophilic disease characterized by blood, tissue, and systemic vasculitis in patients with a history of asthma or allergic rhinitis. Gastrointestinal manifestations of Churg Strauss appear in a 31-45% of the patients according to some series of studies, abdominal pain being the most frequent symptom followed by diarrhea and bleeding. CLINICAL CASE: Male patient with a history of asthma who presents abdominal pain apparently due to acute appendicitis. During the hospital stay the study protocol is complemented, confirmating the diagnosis of Churg Strauss syndrome with intestinal manifestations. CONCLUSION: Churg Strauss syndrome is a rare vasculitis that may present with intestinal manifestations so it is important to take into consideration the differential diagnosis. There are few cases in the literature associated with this syndrome and acute abdomen, all of them on the poor prognosis of this association.
Antecedentes: la enfermedad de Churg-Strauss es poco común, idiopática, caracterizada por hipereosinofilia en sangre y tejidos, aunada a vasculitis sistémica en pacientes con antecedentes de asma o rinitis alérgica. Las manifestaciones gastrointestinales del síndrome de Churg Strauss se caracterizan por dolor abdominal, seguido de diarrea y hemorragia en 31-45% de los casos. Caso clínico: paciente masculino con antecedente de asma que acudió a consulta por abdomen agudo con probable apendicitis aguda; durante el protocolo de estudio se diagnosticó síndrome de Churg Strauss, con manifestaciones intestinales. Conclusión: el síndrome de Churg Strauss es una vasculitis poco frecuente que puede manifestarse con síntomas intestinales, como en este caso; es importante tenerlo en mente a la hora de los diagnósticos diferenciales. Existen pocos reportes con este síndrome asociado con abdomen agudo, todos ellos con mal pronóstico.
Assuntos
Abdome Agudo/etiologia , Síndrome de Churg-Strauss/complicações , Adulto , Apendicite/diagnóstico , Asma/complicações , Síndrome de Churg-Strauss/diagnóstico , Colite Isquêmica/etiologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Diarreia/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Choque/etiologia , Vômito/etiologiaRESUMO
Soybean lectin (SBL) participates in the recognition between Bradyrhizobium japonicum and soybean although its role remains unknown. To search for changes in the proteome in response to SBL, B. japonicum USDA 110 was incubated for 12 h in a C- and N-free medium with or without SBL (10 µg ml(-1)), and the soluble protein profiles were compared. Two polypeptides, S-adenosyl-methionine synthetase (MetK) and the 30S ribosomal protein S1 (RpsA), were found only in the fractions from rhizobia incubated without SBL. Transcript levels of metK and rpsA were not correlated with polypeptide levels, indicating that there was regulation at translation. In support of this proposal, the 5' translation initiation-region of rpsA mRNA contained folding elements as those involved in regulation of its translation in other species. Disappearance of MetK and RpsA from the soluble protein fractions of SBL-treated rhizobia suggests that SBL might have attenuated the nutritional stress response of B. japonicum.
Assuntos
Bradyrhizobium/efeitos dos fármacos , Bradyrhizobium/metabolismo , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Glycine max/química , Lectinas/farmacologia , Metionina Adenosiltransferase/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Ribossômicas/antagonistas & inibidores , Carbono/metabolismo , Meios de Cultura/química , Lectinas/isolamento & purificação , Nitrogênio/metabolismo , Sementes/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Systemic endothelial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress have been observed in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We evaluate whether oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction are associated with acute pulmonary vascular bed response to an inhaled prostanoid in PAH patients. METHODS: Fourteen idiopathic PAH patients and 14 controls were included. Oxidative stress was assessed through plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and xanthine oxidase (XO) and endothelial-bound superoxide dismutase (eSOD) activity. Brachial artery endothelial-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) was used to evaluate endothelial function. Hemodynamic response to inhaled iloprost was assessed with transthoracic echocardiography. RESULTS: PAH patients showed impaired FMD (2.8 ± 0.6 vs. 10.7 ± 0.6%, P < .01), increased MDA levels and XO activity (0.6 ± 0.2 vs. 0.3 ± 0.2 µM, P < .01 and 0.04 ± 0.01 vs. 0.03 ± 0.01 U/mL, P = .02, respectively) and decreased eSOD activity (235 ± 23 vs. 461 ± 33 AUC, P < .01). Iloprost improved right cardiac output (3.7 ± 0.6 to 4.1 ± 1.2 L/min, P = .02) and decreased pulmonary vascular resistance (4.1 ± 1.1 to 2.9 ± 0.9 Wood U, P = .01). Changes in right cardiac output after prostanoid inhalation correlated significantly with baseline eSOD activity and FMD (Rho: 0.61, P < .01 and Rho: 0.63, P = .01, respectively). CONCLUSION: PAH patients show increased systemic oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction markers. Response to inhaled prostanoid is inversely related to both parameters.
Assuntos
Endotélio Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Estresse Oxidativo , Prostaglandinas/efeitos adversos , Prostaglandinas/uso terapêutico , Doença Aguda , Administração por Inalação , Adulto , Biomarcadores , Artéria Braquial/efeitos dos fármacos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Transversais , Endotélio Vascular/patologia , Feminino , Hemodinâmica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Malondialdeído/sangue , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Prostaglandinas/administração & dosagem , Artéria Pulmonar/efeitos dos fármacos , Superóxido Dismutase/sangue , Xantina Oxidase/sangueRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Increased oxidative stress in heart failure (HF) leads to inflammation and endothelial dysfunction (ED). Both statins and allopurinol have known anti-oxidant properties, but their utility in HF has not been fully assessed. METHODS: This investigation was a prospective, double-blind, double-dummy study, performed between March 2007 and June 2009. Seventy-four HF patients, with New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II or III status and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <40%, were included. Patients received placebo during 4 weeks and were then randomized to receive 4 weeks of either atorvastatin 20 mg/day plus placebo (ATV+PLA group) or atorvastatin 20 mg/day orally plus allopurinol 300 mg/day orally (ATV+ALLO group). Malondialdehyde (MDA), extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) activity and uric acid (UA) levels, among others, were determined at baseline and after 4 weeks of treatment. ED was assessed by flow-dependent endothelial-mediated vasodilation (FDD), and functional capacity by 6-minute walk test (6MWT). RESULTS: Thirty-two patients were randomized to ATV+PLA and 38 to ATV+ALLO. Mean age was 59 ± 2 years, 82% were male, and 22% had an ischemic etiology. Hypertension was present in 60% and diabetes in 15% of those studied. No significant differences were observed between baseline measurements and after placebo. After 4 weeks of treatment, both groups showed a significant decrease on MDA (0.9 ± 0.1 to 0.8 ± 0.1 and 1.0 ± 0.5 to 0.9 ± 0.1 µmol/liter, p = 0.88), UA (7.4 ± 0.4 to 6.8 ± 0.3 and 7.2 ± 0.4 to 5.0 ± 0.3 mg/dl, p < 0.01) and FDD (3.9 ± 0.2% to 5.6 ± 0.4% and 4.6 ± 0.3% to 7.1 ± 0.5%, p = 0.07) with increased ecSOD activity (109 ± 11 to 173 ± 13 and 98 ± 10 to 202 ± 16, U/ml/min, p = 0.41) and improved 6MWT (447 ± 18 to 487 ± 19 and 438 ± 17 to 481 ± 21 m, p = 0.83), with all values for ATV+PLA and ATV+ALLO, respectively; p-values are for comparison between groups after treatment. CONCLUSION: Short-term ATV treatment in heart failure (HF) patients reduces oxidative stress and improves FDD and functional capacity. These beneficial effects are not strengthened by the addition of allopurinol.
Assuntos
Endotélio Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/administração & dosagem , Insuficiência Cardíaca/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/administração & dosagem , Alopurinol/administração & dosagem , Atorvastatina , Método Duplo-Cego , Endotélio Vascular/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Ácidos Heptanoicos/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Pirróis/administração & dosagem , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional/efeitos dos fármacos , Resultado do Tratamento , Xantina Oxidase/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
El tratamiento de elección en la hemofilia A es la administración de concentrados de factor VIII y hasta un 33 % de estos pacientes pueden desarrollar inhibidores dirigidos contra el factor infundido. Varias causas pueden estar involucradas en este proceso inmune siendo la intensidad de la terapia y tipo de concentrados empleados uno de los más estudiados. Por lo tanto, el análisis cuali / cuantitativo de diferentes proteínas que hacen a un concentrado más inmunogénico que otros cobra vital importancia. En este trabajo se evaluaron los niveles de factor VIII antígeno (FVIII:Ag), factor von Willebrand (FvW) funcional e inmunológico, factor de crecimiento transformador ß1 (TGF-ß1), fibrinógeno e inmunoglobulinas G, A y M en diferentes lotes de concentrados de factor VIII manufacturados en UNC-Hemoderivados y fueron comparados con otros productos comerciales de similares características. Se estudiaron 6 lotes de 250 UI y 2 de 500 UI producidos en UNC-Hemoderivados, dos lotes de 250 UI producidos por las firmas A y B y un lote de 500 UI comercializado por la firma C. Para las determinaciones de factor VIII/factor de von Willebrand, funcional y antigénico, se emplearon métodos estándares y para el TGF-ß1 se utilizó un ELlSA comercial. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que las relaciones entre FVIII:C/FVIII:Ag y FVIII:C/FvW funcional fueron en promedio 0.60 y 0.52 para el producto de UNC-Hemoderivados y 0.50 y 0.38 para los productos de origen comercial. Los valores TGFß1 y la actividad específica arrojaron mejores resultados en el producto de UNC-Hemoderivados que los productos A, B y C y en las otras proteínas analizadas no hubo diferencias. Por lo tanto podemos concluir que los concentrados de FVIII producidos en UNC-Hemoderivados presentan propiedades que potencialmente indicarían una menor respuesta inmune contra el FVIII infundido.
Replacement therapy using plasma factor VIII (FVIII) concentrates is currently the major mean of preventing and controlling bleeding in hemophilia A patients. However. approximately a 33% of these patients may develop inhibitors to the substituted FVIII. Several causes may be involved in the immune process being the intensity of therapy and type of concentrate used one of the most studied. Therefore. the study quali/quantitative analysis of different proteins which make a concentrated more immunogenic than other takes a vital importance. In this study we evaluated FVIII antigen (FVIII: Ag), von Willebrand factor (vWF) functional and immunological, TGF-Beta1, fibrinogen and immunoglobulins G, A and M levels in FVIII concentrates manufactured in UNC-Hemoderivados and compared with other commercial products of similar characteristics. We studied 6 lots of 250 IU and 2 lots of 500 IU manufactured in UNC-Hemoderivados, 2 lots of 250 IU produced by two pharmaceutical companies named A and B and 1 batch of 500 IU marketed by C. For the determinations of F VIII/FvW functional and antigenic we used standards methods and the TGF-ß1 was assayed by ELlSA test. The results show that the relationship between FVIII/FVIII:Ag and FVIII/vWF functional were in average 0.6 and 0.52 for the product of UNC-Hemoderivados and 0.5 and 0.38 for products from commercial sources. TGF-ß1 levels and the specific activity showed upper values in UNC-Hemoderivados compared to commercial products and none difference was observed in the other proteins assayed. Therefore we can conclude that FVIII concentrates produced at UNC-Hemoderivados have properties that indicate a potentially lower immune response against the infused FVIII.