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Objective: To analyze the association between risk behaviors and environmental factors and SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents in the family environment. Methods: Cross-sectional study. A total of 267 children and adolescents aged 5-19 years who have contact with COVID-19-positive essential workers were tested between June and October 2020. Behavioral and environmental variables associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection were investigated. Association between these variables was performed using Poisson regression. Results: SARS-CoV-2 prevalence was 25.1%. Following the confirmation of COVID-19 diagnosis of the index case, 92.1% of adults reported hand hygiene and 83.5% showed habits of respiratory etiquette. However, 12.7% wore masks in common areas of the residence before COVID-19. Sharing common objects was a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection in the sample. Conclusion: Sharing objects among family members was identified as a risk factor associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents who lived with infected adults. There was high frequency of hand hygiene and low prevalence of mask use.

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CONTEXT: Studies that analyze the temporal trend and spatial clustering of medical education indicators are scarce, especially in developing countries such as Brazil. This analysis is essential to subsidize more equitable policies for the medical workforce in the states and regions of Brazil. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the temporal trend and identify spatial clusters of medical education indicators in Brazil disaggregated by public and private education, states, and regions. METHODS: A time-series ecological study was conducted using data from the Higher Education Census of the Ministry of Education from 2010 to 2021. The study analyzed vacancy density indicators of active and former students/100,000 population, disaggregated by public and private education, 27 states, and 5 regions in Brazil. Prais-Winsten regression was used for trend analyses of indicators. Hot Spot Analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*) was used to identify spatial clusters of indicators. RESULTS: The number of medical schools increased by 102.2% between 2010 and 2021. A total of 366 medical schools offered 54,870 vacancies at the end of 2021. Vacancy density and active and former students increased significantly in the period, but this increase was greater in private institutions. Most states and regions showed an increasing trend in the indicators, with higher increase percentages in private than in public schools. Hot spot spaces changed over time, concentrated in the southeast, center-west, and north at the end of 2021. Medical education remains uneven in Brazil, with a low provision in regions with low socioeconomic development, academic structure, and health services, represented by regions in the north and northeast. CONCLUSIONS: There is a growing trend in medical education indicators in Brazil, especially in the private sector. Spatial clusters were found predominantly in the southeast, center-west, and north. These results indicate the need for more equitable medical education planning between the regions.

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The aim of this study was to analyze the scenario of medical residency programs (MRPs) in the north region of Brazil as well as the contextual determinants (socioeconomic, structural, and epidemiological) influencing the number of MRPs in this region. An ecological study was conducted using MRPs data from 2022. This study used multiple data sources. MRP indicators were described based on the Brazilian state and specialty. The dependent variable was the number of MRPs. The independent variables included sociodemographic, structural, and epidemiological factors. Poisson regression was performed to analyze the association between contextual variables and the number of MRPs. The results showed that only 3.6% of the municipalities had authorized MRPs. The idleness rate in the region was 46.0%, with family and community medicine as the specialties with the greatest idleness. The total density of authorized vacancies in the MRPs was 14.0 vacancies per 100,000 inhabitants. The models showed that with each increase of one unit of the vulnerability index (Socioeconomic Index in the Geographic Context for Health Studies-GeoSES), the number of MRPs increased, ranging from 8122 (p value < 0.001) to 11,138 (p value < 0.001). With each increase in undergraduate degrees in medicine, the number of MRPs increased by 0.945 (p value < 0.001). With each increase of 1 physician per 1000 population, the number of MRPs increased from 0.537 (p value < 0.001) to 0.845 (p value < 0.001). With each increase of one unit in general hospitals, specialized hospitals, teaching hospitals, and primary healthcare units, the number of MRPs increased by 0.176 (p value < 0.001), 0.168 (p value < 0.001), 0.022 (p value < 0.001) and 0.032 (p value < 0.001), respectively. Finally, with each increase of one death per 100,000 inhabitants, the overall mortality rate increased, ranging from 0.006 (p value < 0.001) to 0.022 (p value < 0.001). The study showed a low supply of MRPs in the northern region, a high rate of idleness, and important socioeconomic, structural, and epidemiological determinants of the number of MRPs.

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RESUMO Objetivo: compreender os desafios percebidos pelos enfermeiros no processo de acolhimento com classificação de risco. Método: trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, analítica, realizada com enfermeiros atuantes no acolhimento com classificação de risco em quatro Unidades de Pronto Atendimento do Centro-Norte de Goiás, Brasil, no período de outubro de 2019 a fevereiro de 2020. Resultados: emergiram as seguintes categorias temáticas caracterizadas como dificuldades enfrentadas no serviço de urgência em face da percepção do enfermeiro classificador: "Questões de demanda"; "Questões informacionais"; "Questões de atendimento" e "Questões organizacionais". Conclusão: apuraram-se desafios de demanda que contribuem para a superlotação como desfecho final, e desafios informacionais, de atendimento e organizacional compreendidos como desafios básicos. Esse estudo auxilia a intervenção de forma oportuna a modificar a realidade do serviço de saúde.

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the challenges perceived by nurses in the process of reception with risk classification. Method: this is a qualitative, analytical research, conducted with nurses working in the reception with risk classification in four Emergency Care Units in the North-Central region of Goiás, Brazil, in the period from October 2019 to February 2020. Results: the following thematic categories emerged, characterized as difficulties faced in the emergency service in view of the perception of the nurse classifier: "Demand issues"; "Informational issues"; "Care issues" and "Organizational issues". Conclusion: we found demand challenges that contribute to overcrowding as an outcome, and informational, care, and organizational challenges understood as basic challenges. This study helps the intervention in a timely manner to modify the reality of the health service.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender los desafíos percibidos por los enfermeros en el proceso de acogimiento con clasificación de riesgo. Método: se trata de una investigación cualitativa, analítica, realizada con enfermeras que trabajan en la recepción con clasificación de riesgo en cuatro Unidades de Atención de Emergencia en el Centro-Norte de Goiás, Brasil, en el período de octubre de 2019 a febrero de 2020. Resultados: surgieron las siguientes categorías temáticas, caracterizadas como dificultades enfrentadas en el servicio de urgencias a la vista de la percepción de la enfermera clasificadora: "Cuestiones de demanda"; "Cuestiones informativas"; "Cuestiones asistenciales" y "Cuestiones organizativas". Conclusión: se apuraron los desafíos de demanda que contribuyen a la superlotación como desfase final, y los desafíos informativos, de atención y organizativos comprendidos como desafíos básicos. Este estudio ayuda a la intervención de forma oportuna para modificar la realidad del servicio de salud.

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between parental bonding styles and anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and self-efficacy beliefs in undergraduate medical students. METHODS: A cross-sectional, self-administered survey involving 315 Brazilian medical students was conducted online. The Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale, the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), and the general self-efficacy (GSE) scale were used. The internal consistency of the instruments used in the study was analyzed using Cronbach's alpha. Multiple logistic regression models were applied, and the odds ratios (OR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to determine the association between parental bonding styles and anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and general self-efficacy beliefs. RESULTS: In the analysis adjusted for sociodemographic variables, maternal affectionless control was associated with a greater risk of anxiety (OR = 2.48; 95% CI: 1.15-5.33), depression (OR = 7.54; 95% CI: 3.20-17.78), suicidal ideation (OR = 3.62; 95% CI: 1.58-8.27), and low self-efficacy (OR = 3.81; 95% CI: 1.76-8.25), while maternal neglectful parenting was associated with depression (OR = 3.24; 95% CI: 1.17-8.96) and paternal affectionate constraint with suicidal ideation (OR = 3.09; 95% CI: 1.36-7.02). CONCLUSIONS: These findings showed dysfunctional parenting styles to be associated with mental illnesses and low self-efficacy in Brazilian undergraduate medical students. This should be taken into consideration when treating medical students with mental disorders.

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Resumo: Introdução: Profissionalismo médico refere-se a vários atributos, valores, comportamentos, responsabilidades e compromissos dos médicos com os pacientes e com a sociedade. O profissionalismo é traduzido, hoje, como uma nova competência agregada ao conjunto de habilidades médicas, devendo ser demonstrada, ensinada e avaliada durante a formação desses profissionais. O Professionalism Mini-Evaluation Exercise (P-MEX) é um instrumento de avaliação do profissionalismo médico criado no Canadá, em 2006, e já validado para uso em alguns países, mostrando evidências de validade, confiabilidade e reprodutibilidade dos resultados nesses lugares. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver uma versão do instrumento em língua portuguesa e adaptada transculturalmente para uso no Brasil. Método: A tradução e a adaptação transcultural foram realizadas seguindo as diretrizes da International Test Commission (ITC) - segunda versão 2017. Adotaram-se as seguintes etapas: tradução para o português por dois médicos brasileiros fluentes na língua inglesa, revisão da tradução por um comitê revisor, retrotradução por dois professores de inglês procedentes de países de língua inglesa, revisão da retrotradução por um comitê revisor, aprovação da retrotradução pelo autor original do questionário e, por último, aplicação da versão consenso final do instrumento ao público-alvo da pesquisa para avaliar a clareza, compreensão e aceitabilidade. Resultados: A versão final em português foi considerada adequada e utilizada como definitiva, constituindo a versão final em português do P-MEX. Todo o processo realizado seguindo guias internacionais classicamente utilizados, inclusive a aprovação final do autor do instrumento original, reitera que a nova versão adaptada do questionário tem validade de conteúdo correspondente ao original. Conclusão: Diante da lacuna de instrumentos para medir o profissionalismo médico no Brasil, realizaram-se a tradução e a adaptação transcultural do P-MEX para uso no país, podendo ser utilizado para estimular uma prática profissional mais adequada para os pacientes e a sociedade.

Abstract: Introduction: Medical Professionalism refers to several attributes, values, behaviors, responsibilities and commitments of physicians in relation to their patients and society. Professionalism translates today as a new competence composed of the medical skill set that should be demonstrated, taught and evaluated during the training of these professionals. The Professionalism Mini-Evaluation Exercise (P-MEX) is a medical professionalism evaluation tool created in Canada in 2006 and validated for use in Japan, Finland and Iran, having demonstrated its validity, reliability and reproducibility in these countries. Objective: The objective of this study is to develop a version of this instrument in Portuguese and adapt it transculturally to be used in Brazil. Method: The translation and transcultural adaptation was made according to the International Test Commission (ITC) - 2nd edition 2017 guidelines. The following steps were taken: translation into Portuguese by two fluent English-speaking Brazilian physicians, review of the translation by a Review Committee, backtranslation by two English teachers from English speaking countries, review of the backtranslation by a Review Committee, approval of the backtranslation by the original author of the questionnaire and, finally, application of the agreeded final form of the instrument to the target population to evaluate its clarity, understandability and acceptability. Results: The final Portuguese form was considered suitable, constituting the final Portuguese version of the Professionalism Mini-Evaluation Exercise (P-MEX). The entire process was conducted in accordance with classically used international guidelines, including the final approval of the author of the original form, reasserting that the validity of the new adapted version of the form matches that of the original. Conclusion: In view of the lack of instruments to measure medical professionalism in Brazil, translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the P-MEX for use in the country was carried out, to be used to stimulate a more appropriate professional practice for patients and society.

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BACKGROUND: Adolescents with chronic kidney disease have a hard time adhering to hemodialysis as a therapy, indicating a need to establish new alternatives for motivation and adherence to treatment. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a serious game to stimulate and motivate adolescents undergoing hemodialysis. METHODS: We describe the technological production followed by a qualitative analysis. We invited 8 adolescents undergoing hemodialysis in the city Goiânia, located in the midwest of Brazil, to participate. The final convenience sample included 7 (87.5% of the target population) adolescents. The process was conducted in 3 phases: creation of a serious game, evaluation of its use, and observation of its motivating effect on behavioral modification with a focus on acquiring the necessary competence for self-care. RESULTS: An app (Bim) in the modality of a serious game was developed to be used during hemodialysis; the player was encouraged to take care of a character with daily actions during his or her treatment. The game was made available to adolescents aged 10-14 years. Mobile devices were offered during the hemodialysis treatment for a period of 30-40 minutes, 3 times a week for 60 days. The usage definitions of the game were freely chosen by the participants. The qualitative evaluation of the use of the Bim app showed that it encompasses scenarios and activities that enable the exercise of daily actions for the treatment of patients. The behavioral evaluation showed that the Bim app worked as a motivating stimulus for behavioral adherence to hemodialysis requirements. CONCLUSIONS: The easy-to-access app interface showed good operability for its users. The description of the character and proposed activities contributed to motivation and ability to cope with hemodialysis care.

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Abstract: Introduction: Multiprofessional health residents deal with high stress daily, harming patient care, which can cause emotional and interpersonal reactions that contribute to the development of Burnout Syndrome, thus disclosing the importance of identifying the at-risk conditions for the syndrome and possible protection. The objectives of this study were to describe the occurrence of burnout, its impairment dimensions and the association with sociodemographic characteristics in multiprofessional residency professionals. Method: This is a descriptive research with a quantitative approach, conducted with multiprofessional health residents from public hospitals located in a capital of the Midwest region of Brazil. The ISB - Burnout Syndrome Inventory - was employed, using six indices (Positive Organizational Conditions, Negative Organizational Conditions, Emotional Exhaustion, Emotional Distancing, Dehumanization and Professional Achievement), associated with the assessment of sociodemographic characteristics such as gender, marital status, profession, previous work, change of city, living alone, having children, getting another degree, enjoying what you do in your free time, practicing physical activity, having a religion, undergoing a therapeutic process. The logistic regression method was used to verify the association between these characteristics and the diagnosis of burnout syndrome. A total of 134 residents participated in the survey. Results: The results showed that Emotional Exhaustion is present in 91% of participants; Emotional Distance in 89.6%; Dehumanization, in 61.9%; Professional Achievement in 11.2%; Positive Organizational Conditions, in 85.1%; and Negative Organizational Conditions, n 82.1%. A positive association was observed between taking simultaneous courses, male gender and living alone. Conclusion: It is observed that the practice of therapy can reduce the chance of developing the syndrome and it is concluded that there is a high prevalence of burnout syndrome in the assessed group, with it being a response to stress defined by the presence of exhaustion, distancing and dehumanization. Despite these results, the perception of professional achievement remains independent of stress.

Resumo: Introdução: Os residentes multiprofissionais da saúde lidam diariamente com alto nível de estresse, favorecendo o prejuízo ao atendimento do paciente, o que pode causar reações emocionais e interpessoais que contribuem para o desenvolvimento da síndrome de burnout, revelando, assim, a importância de identificar as condições de risco para a síndrome e a possível proteção. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a ocorrência de burnout, suas dimensões de comprometimento e a associação com características sociodemográficas entre profissionais da residência multiprofissional. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa, realizada com residentes multiprofissionais em saúde de hospitais públicos localizados em uma capital do Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Adotou-se o Inventário da Síndrome de Burnout (ISB), utilizando-se de seis índices (condições organizacionais positivas, condições organizacionais negativas, exaustão emocional, distanciamento emocional, desumanização e realização profissional), associados à avaliação de características sociodemográficas, como sexo, estado civil, profissão, trabalho anterior, mudança de cidade, morar sozinho, ter filhos, fazer outro curso, gostar do que faz nas horas vagas, praticar atividade física, ter religião, estar em processo terapêutico. O método de regressão logística foi utilizado para verificar a associação entre essas características e o diagnóstico da síndrome de burnout. Participaram da pesquisa 134 residentes. Resultados: Evidenciou-se que a exaustão emocional está presente em 91% dos participantes; o distanciamento emocional em 89,6%; a desumanização em 61,9%; a realização profissional em 11,2%; as condições organizacionais positivas em 85,1%; e as condições organizacionais negativas em 82,1%. A associação positiva foi feita entre a realização de cursos simultâneos, a característica sexo masculino e o fato de morar sozinho. Conclusões: Observa-se que a prática de terapia pode reduzir a chance do desenvolvimento da síndrome e conclui-se que há uma alta prevalência da síndrome de burnout no grupo pesquisado, sendo resposta ao estresse definido pela presença de exaustão, distanciamento e desumanização. Apesar desses resultados, a percepção de realização profissional se mantém independente do estresse.

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Abstract The 2014 National Curriculum Guidelines (DCN) for the medicine course provide for an education that focuses on primary care. The School of Medicine of Universidade Federal de Goiás, adapting itself to the new DCN, has developed a new Pedagogical Course Project (PCP). The objective of this study was to examine, through documentary analysis, the new PCP in the perspective of the 2014 DCN, based on the document "Guidelines for Primary Care Teaching in Undergraduate Medicine Courses". Although the PCP covers most of the aspects related to primary care teaching, there is no reference to the teaching of the person-centered clinical method, popular health education, respect for patient autonomy, and shared decision-making. We hope, therefore, to subsidize changes in the current PCP and to stimulate other universities to approach these issues.

Resumo As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN) do curso de Medicina de 2014 preveem uma formação com maior foco na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). A Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goiás, adaptando-se às novas DCN, elaborou um novo projeto pedagógico de curso (PPC). O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar e comparar, por meio de análise documental, o novo PPC nas perspectivas das DCN de 2014, tendo por base o documento "Diretrizes para o Ensino na Atenção Primária à Saúde na Graduação em Medicina". Embora o PPC contemple a maioria dos aspectos relacionados ao ensino da APS, observou-se a ausência de determinações para o ensino do método clínico centrado na pessoa, na educação popular, no respeito à autonomia do paciente e na tomada de decisão compartilhada. Espera-se, assim, subsidiar mudanças no PPC atual e estimular outras universidades a abordar esses temas.

RESUMEN Las Directrices Curriculares Nacionales (DCN) de 2014 prevén una formación con mayor foco en la Atención Primaria de la Salud (APS). La Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Federal de Goiás, adaptándose a las nuevas DCN elaboró ​​un nuevo Proyecto Pedagógico de Curso (PPC). El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar y comparar, por medio de análisis documental, el nuevo PPC en las perspectivas de las DCN de 2014, teniendo como base el documento "Directrices para la Enseñanza en la Atención Primaria de la Salud en la Graduación en Medicina". Se observó la ausencia de determinaciones para la enseñanza del método clínico centrado en la persona, en la educación popular, en el respeto a la autonomía del paciente y en la toma de decisión compartida. Se espera, así, subsidiar cambios en el PPC actual e incentivar a otras universidades.

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