RESUMO
Background: Although recently challenged, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria are still commonly used in daily practice to define sepsis. However, several factors in liver cirrhosis may negatively impact its prognostic ability. Goals. To investigate the factors associated with the presence of SIRS, the characteristics of SIRS related to infection, and its prognostic value among patients hospitalized for acute decompensation of cirrhosis. Study. In this cohort study from two tertiary hospitals, 543 patients were followed up, up to 90 days. Data collection, including the prognostic models, was within 48 hours of admission. Results: SIRS was present in 42.7% of the sample and was independently associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGB), ACLF, infection, and negatively related to beta-blockers. SIRS was associated with mortality in univariate analysis, but not in multiple Cox regression analysis. The Kaplan-Meier survival probability of patients without SIRS was 73.0% and for those with SIRS was 64.7%. The presence of SIRS was not significantly associated with mortality when considering patients with or without infection, separately. Infection in SIRS patients was independently associated with Child-Pugh C and inversely related to UGB. Among subjects with SIRS, mortality was independently related to the presence of infection, ACLF, and Child-Pugh C. Conclusions: SIRS was common in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and was of no prognostic value, even in the presence of infection.
Assuntos
Cirrose Hepática , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica , Estudos de Coortes , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/epidemiologia , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiologia , Hospitalização , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática/complicações , Cirrose Hepática/epidemiologia , Prognóstico , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica/epidemiologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a frequent complication of cirrhosis, but the clinical and prognostic significance of the progression of mental status in hospitalised cirrhotics is unknown. We aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of serial evaluation of HE in patients hospitalised for acute decompensation (AD) of cirrhosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients (n=293) were evaluated for HE (West-Haven criteria) at admission and at day-3 and classified in two groups: (1) Absent or improved HE: HE absent at admission and at day-3, or any improvement at day-3; (2) Unfavourable progression: Development of HE or HE present at admission and stable/worse at day-3. RESULTS: Unfavourable progression of HE was observed in 31% of patients and it was independently associated with previous HE, Child-Pugh C and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). MELD score and unfavourable progression of HE were independently associated with 90-day mortality. The 90-day Kaplan-Meier survival probability was 91% in patients with MELD<18 and absent or improved HE and only 31% in subjects with both MELD≥18 and unfavourable progression of HE. Unfavourable progression of HE was also related to lower survival in patients with or without ACLF. Worsening of GCS at day-3 was observed in 11% of the sample and was related with significantly high mortality (69% vs. 27%, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Among cirrhotics hospitalised for AD, unfavourable progression of HE was associated with high short-term mortality and therefore can be used for prognostication and to individualise clinical care.
Assuntos
Cirrose Hepática/diagnóstico , Admissão do Paciente , Adulto , Idoso , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Encefalopatia Hepática/diagnóstico , Encefalopatia Hepática/etiologia , Encefalopatia Hepática/mortalidade , Encefalopatia Hepática/terapia , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática/complicações , Cirrose Hepática/mortalidade , Cirrose Hepática/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Indução de Remissão , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
BACKGROUND & AIMS: An algorithm including Sepsis-3 criteria and quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) was recently proposed to predict severity of infection in cirrhosis. However, its applicability among patients without a baseline SOFA available for Sepsis-3 definition is unknown. We sought to investigate the applicability and prognostic value of qSOFA and Sepsis-3 criteria in patients with cirrhosis hospitalised for bacterial infections, without pre-hospitalisation SOFA. METHODS: In this cohort study, 164 patients were followed up to 30 days. Data collection, including the prognostic models, was performed at admission and at day-3. RESULTS: All patients fulfilled Sepsis-3 criteria (admission SOFA ≥ 2) and, therefore, admission Sepsis-3 was not included in further analysis. Admission qSOFA was an independent predictor of survival (HR = 2.271, P = 0.015). For patients initially classified as high risk by qSOFA, Chronic Liver Failure - Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (CLIF-SOFA) was the only prognostic predictor. Among patients initially classified as low risk by qSOFA, the following parameters evaluated at day-3 were independent predictors of survival: qSOFA, acute-on-chronic liver failure, and Child-Pugh classification. Although not independently related to survival, Sepsis-3 criteria at day-3 was associated with lower 30-day survival in Kaplan-Meier analysis (66% vs 85%, P = 0.008). However, prognosis was better predicted by day-3 qSOFA, with 30-day Kaplan-Meier survival probability of 88% when qSOFA < 2 and 24% among those with qSOFA ≥ 2. CONCLUSION: Sepsis-3 criteria evaluated at admission are very limited in infected patients with cirrhosis without baseline SOFA. qSOFA was independently related to survival and appears to be a valuable tool for determining severity of infection and to follow patients initially classified as low risk.
Assuntos
Insuficiência Hepática Crônica Agudizada/diagnóstico , Infecções Bacterianas/complicações , Cirrose Hepática/complicações , Escores de Disfunção Orgânica , Sepse/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Hepática Crônica Agudizada/etiologia , Insuficiência Hepática Crônica Agudizada/mortalidade , Adulto , Idoso , Área Sob a Curva , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Curva ROC , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sepse/etiologia , Sepse/mortalidade , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: New criteria for acute kidney injury (AKI) in cirrhosis have been proposed, but its prognostic significance is unclear. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic significance of the AKI criteria in cirrhotic patients hospitalized for acute decompensation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a prospective cohort study. AKI was defined as an increase in creatinine (Cr) levels ≥ 0.3 mg/dL in 48 h or ≥ 50% of the basal value in the last 7d. AKI was divided into stages 1 (elevation: < 2x basal), 2 (2 or 3x), and 3 (> 3x). RESULTS: In this study, 227 patients aged 53.9 ± 11.5 years were included, of whom 37% had AKI (28% AKI1, 5% AKI2, and 4% AKI3). Thirty percent of the patients died or were transplanted within 90 days from causes related to the presence of ascites at hospital admission and higher values of Chronic Liver Failure-Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (CLIF-SOFA) scores, but not to the presence of AKI. In a regression analysis conducted to assess the effect of the final Cr level in patients with AKI, 90-day mortality was associated with ascites, higher CLIF-SOFA score, and AKI with final Cr level ≥ 1.5 mg/dL. The patients with AKI with Cr levels ≥ 1.5 mg/dL showed lower transplant-free survival rates than those without AKI, and those with AKI1 with final Cr level < 1.5 mg/dL. CONCLUSIONS: Early AKI was frequent and associated with 90-day mortality or transplantation only when the final Cr level was ≥ 1.5 mg/dL. Distinct approaches are needed for patients with AKI1 according to final Cr.
Assuntos
Injúria Renal Aguda/diagnóstico , Técnicas de Apoio para a Decisão , Cirrose Hepática/complicações , Injúria Renal Aguda/etiologia , Injúria Renal Aguda/mortalidade , Injúria Renal Aguda/terapia , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Creatinina/sangue , Feminino , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática/diagnóstico , Cirrose Hepática/mortalidade , Cirrose Hepática/cirurgia , Transplante de Fígado , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Escores de Disfunção Orgânica , Admissão do Paciente , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Adiponectin and resistin levels are increased in patients with cirrhosis, but it prognostic significance is unknown. We sought to investigate the factors associated with adiponectin and resistin levels and its clinical significance in patients with cirrhosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study that included 122 subjects with cirrhosis who attended an outpatient clinic and were initially evaluated in 2012. Serum adiponectin and resistin levels were measured in samples collected in 2012 (adiponectin and resistin) and 2014 (adiponectin). Thirty healthy subjects served as a control group. RESULTS: Higher adiponectin (21.59 µ g/mL vs. 12.52 µg/mL, P < 0.001) and resistin levels (3.83 ng/mL vs. 2.66 ng/mL, P < 0.001) were observed among patients with cirrhosis compared to controls. Patients classified as Child-Pugh B/C had higher adiponectin levels in relation to Child-Pugh A patients. At second measurement, adiponectin levels increased significantly in non-transplant patients and decreased in liver transplant recipients. Univariate Cox analysis showed that among patients with alcoholic liver disease, adiponectin levels were associated with lower transplant-free survival (HR = 1.034, 95% CI 1.006 - 1.062, P = 0.016). The transplant-free survival was significantly lower among patients with alcoholic liver disease and adiponectin ≥ 17 µg/mL (26.55 months, 95% CI 21.40-31.70) as compared to those with levels < 17 µg/mL (33.76 months, 95% CI 30.70-36.82) (P = 0.045). No relationship was found between the levels of resistin and survival. CONCLUSION: Adiponectin but not resistin levels were associated with intensity of liver dysfunction and worse prognosis in patients with alcoholic liver disease, suggesting a potential as a prognostic biomarker.
Assuntos
Adiponectina/sangue , Cirrose Hepática/sangue , Resistina/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática/diagnóstico , Cirrose Hepática/cirurgia , Cirrose Hepática Alcoólica/sangue , Cirrose Hepática Alcoólica/diagnóstico , Cirrose Hepática Alcoólica/cirurgia , Transplante de Fígado , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
Lymphocytic gastritis is an idiopathic disease, characterized by intraepithelial infiltration of large numbers of T lymphocytes and often described in association with coeliac disease and Helicobacter pylori infection. Although usually associated with iron deficiency anaemia, there is no description on the association between lymphocytic gastritis and secondary vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia. We describe a rare case of recurrent anaemia in a patient with lymphocytic gastritis reversed with vitamin B12 replacement.
Assuntos
Anemia/tratamento farmacológico , Anemia/etiologia , Gastrite/complicações , Deficiência de Vitamina B 12/complicações , Idoso , Anemia/sangue , Doença Crônica , Compostos Ferrosos/uso terapêutico , Gastrite/patologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/complicações , Infecções por Helicobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Helicobacter pylori , Hemoglobinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Recidiva , Linfócitos T , Vitamina B 12/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Despite the circulating levels of PTX3 were related to the severity of various diseases, there are no studies investigating its role in patients with liver cirrhosis. We aimed to study PTX3 levels in patients with liver cirrhosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study included 130 patients hospitalized for acute decompensation of liver cirrhosis, 29 stable cirrhotic outpatients and 32 healthy controls evaluated in a tertiary hospital in Southern Brasil. RESULTS: The median PTX3 level was significantly higher in stable cirrhotic patients compared to controls (2.6 vs. 1.1 ng/mL; p < 0.001), hospitalized cirrhotic patients compared to controls (3.8 vs. 1.1 ng/mL; p < 0.001), and hospitalized cirrhotic patients compared to stable cirrhotic patients (3.8 vs. 2.6 ng/mL; p = 0.001). A positive correlation was found between PTX3 and serum creatinine (r = 0.220; p = 0.012), Chronic Liver Failure - Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (CLIF-SOFA) (r = 0.220; p = 0.010), MELD (r = 0.279; p = 0.001) and Child-Pugh score (r = 0.224; p = 0.010). Significantly higher levels of PTX3 were observed in patients on admission with ACLF (8.9 vs. 3.1 ng/mL; p < 0.001) and MELD score ≥ 20 (6.6 vs. 3.4 ng/mL; p = 0.002). Death within 90 days occurred in 30.8% of patients and was associated with higher levels of PTX3 (5.3 vs. 3.4 ng/mL; p = 0.009). The probability of Kaplan-Meier survival was 77.0% in patients with PTX-3 < 5.3 ng mL (upper tercile) and 53.5% in those with PTX3 ≥ 5.3 ng/mL (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: These results indicate the potential for use of PTX3 as an inflammatory biomarker for the prognosis of patients with hepatic cirrhosis.
Assuntos
Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Mediadores da Inflamação/sangue , Cirrose Hepática/sangue , Componente Amiloide P Sérico/análise , Insuficiência Hepática Crônica Agudizada/sangue , Insuficiência Hepática Crônica Agudizada/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Hepática Crônica Agudizada/mortalidade , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Brasil , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Creatinina/sangue , Feminino , Hospitalização , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Cirrose Hepática/diagnóstico , Cirrose Hepática/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Escores de Disfunção Orgânica , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Fatores de TempoAssuntos
Plaquetas , gama-Glutamiltransferase , Hepatite B Crônica , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática , Contagem de PlaquetasRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Infection by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with various metabolic disorders that are collectively referred to as dysmetabolic syndrome associated with HCV. Hepatic steatosis is a common finding in chronic HCV infection and has been reported in 30-70% of patients. Here, we determine the prevalence of steatosis in patients with HCV, identify the characteristics associated with the presence of steatosis in liver biopsies and assess the association between steatosis and the severity of liver disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This analytic cross-sectional study evaluated HCV carriers (adults) at the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Outpatient Clinic of a public university hospital between July 2013 and June 2014 using retrospective data collection. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of steatosis in their liver biopsies. The groups were compared for the presence of risk factors for steatosis and clinical, laboratory, virological and histological characteristics. RESULTS: One hundred and four patients aged 49.5±9.3 years were included in the study; 56.0% of the patients were men. Steatosis was observed in 65.4% of the liver biopsies. When comparing individuals with and without steatosis, patients with steatosis exhibited a higher proportion of non-1 genotype (43.9 vs. 20.7%; p=0.034), higher median triglyceride levels (101.0 vs. 75.0; p=0.034), ferritin levels (333.0 vs. 193.5; p=0.025) and gamma glutamyl transferase levels (2.92 xULN vs. 1.87; p=0.030). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that triglyceride levels were independently associated with the presence of steatosis (OR=1.016; 95% CI 1.002-1.031; p=0.026). CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic steatosis was observed in 65.4% of individuals with HCV. We observed that elevated triglyceride levels were associated independently with the presence of hepatic steatosis; we did not demonstrate an association between hepatic steatosis and histological severity.