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Our primary objective in this study was to investigate the offensive strategies employed in the attack phase of men's volleyball, specifically focusing on side-out as stratified by the type of confrontation that was determined by the opponent's team performance. We analyzed 5524 attacking actions during 22 games of the 12 teams that participated in the Volleyball Men's Superliga (season 2021-2022). Based on their final rankings in the championship, we classified these teams into three tiers: high-performance, intermediate-performance, and low-performance. Subsequently, we examined the dynamics of these matches using Social Network Analysis. We found that the opponent teams' performance levels did not influence the game dynamics. Notably, the eigenvector values were prominently higher for Attack Zones 2 and 4, wherein the middle-blocker jumped to attack close to the setter across all networks. Thus, setters opted for traditional and low-risk strategies to minimize errors, disregarding available information about the skill level of the opposing team, making their offensive tactics predictable.

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RESUMO

The present research objective was to analyze the offensive phase from Complex I in high-level male volleyball teams in a macro- and micro-level view, through the inter e intra-team variability analysis of eight best teams of the 2018 Men's Volleyball World Championship over the social network analysis and eigenvector centrality. The sample consisted of 22 matches and 2,743 offensive actions, resulting in 8 sub-networks with 368 nodes and 6221 edges. The results showed from macro view the variables that presented highest centrality values were Attack Zone 4 (range 0.56-0.90), Attack Tempo 2 (0.65-0.87), Power Attack (0.62-0.94), No Touch Block (0.61-1), Attack Effect Continuity (0.59-0.94), and Middle Blocker Centralized (0.60-0.95). In a micro view, Reception Effect, Play Position, Reception Zone, and Block Composition showed high variability in each sub-network. The intra- and inter-team variability presented the importance of to respect each team idiosyncrasies and to consider the different approaches to the game and success.

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Objetivo: Avaliar, por meio de dados do mundo real (DATASUS) e análises estatísticas, o impacto da inclusão do tiotrópio no tratamento da doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC), comparando o índice de hospitalização e custos associados à internação nos estados que possuem o tiotrópio padronizado em suas diretrizes de tratamento comparados aos estados que não o incluem. Método: Estudo retrospectivo histórico realizado entre 2013 e 2015, a partir de dados obtidos do DATASUS, portais de compras públicas estaduais e Secretarias de Saúde Estaduais. Todos os índices foram normalizados pelo número da população, de acordo com os dados atualizados do IBGE. Foi utilizado o teste Z para avaliar a significância estatística dos resultados. Resultados: A análise combinada do grupo com tiotrópio apresentou 52,4% menos hospitalizações em comparação ao grupo sem tiotrópio (90,0/100.000 versus 43,3/100.000, respectivamente, p < 0,01). O gasto total para o sistema único de saúde com hospitalização por DPOC foi de R$ 2,3 milhões e R$ 4,8 milhões para o grupo com tiotrópio vs. grupo sem tiotrópio, respectivamente (p = 0,0003). Houve diferença significativa entre os grupos quanto ao número total e gastos totais de internação por DPOC, nos estados nos quais o tiotrópio estava padronizado e nos estados sem o tiotrópio padronizado. Conclusão: A análise dos resultados sugere redução significativa no número de internações por DPOC e seus respectivos gastos nos estados nos quais o tiotrópio está padronizado.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of the inclusion of tiotropium in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using real world data (DATASUS) and statistical analyzes, comparing hospitalization rates and costs associated with hospitalization in states where tiotropium is reimbursed in their treatment guidelines compared to states where tiotropium is not included. Method: A retrospective historical study conducted between 2013 and 2015, based on data obtained from DATASUS, state public purchasing portals and State Health Secretariats. All indexes were normalized by the number of the population, according to the IBGE updated data. The Z tests were used to evaluate the statistical significance of the results. Results: The combined analysis of the tiotropium reimbursed group presented 52.4% fewer hospitalizations compared to the tiotropium non-reimbursed group (90.0/100,000 versus 43.3/100,000, respectively). The total expenditure for the public healthcare system with hospitalization for COPD was R$ 2.3 million and R$ 4.8 million for the tiotropium group vs. the non-tiotropium group, respectively. Statistical analysis, both in total number and total costs of hospitalization for COPD, showed a statistically significant difference in the states in which tiotropium was reimbursed vs non-reimbursed. Conclusion: Analysis of the results suggests a significant reduction in the number of hospitalizations due to COPD in the states in which tiotropium is reimbursed, as well as a reduction in the total expenditure related to hospitalizations associated with COPD.

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