RESUMO
Caatinga is one of the least known biomes of Brazil in relation to biodiversity. The dry condition of semiarid areas has been associated in the past with low richness of fauna and flora, not encouraging studies in this region. There is a lack of mosquito records including anophelines. Thus, to investigate the biodiversity of Anopheles mosquitoes in the Caatinga biome, we collected immature mosquitoes in aquatic habitats in a conservation reserve located in the northwestern portion of Sergipe state. The captured specimens were initially identified as Anopheles albitarsis l.s. and Anopheles argyritarsis l.s. To confirm the morphological identification, sequences were generated by cytochrome oxidase subunit I mitocondrial gene. The results showed that the specimens belong to the species Anopheles oryzalimnetes, An. argyritarsis, and Anopheles sawyeri. These are the first records of these species in this region. The presence of Anopheles in the Caatinga biome, which is characterized by arid and semiarid climatic conditions, encourages the interest in the study of biological, physiological, and behavioral adaptations, selected over time, which allow these mosquito populations to survive through the long periods of drought that is characteristic of this region.
Assuntos
Distribuição Animal , Anopheles/fisiologia , Animais , Anopheles/genética , Anopheles/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Biodiversidade , Brasil , Código de Barras de DNA Taxonômico , Complexo IV da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/genética , Complexo IV da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/metabolismo , Feminino , Proteínas de Insetos/genética , Proteínas de Insetos/metabolismo , Larva/genética , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Larva/fisiologia , Masculino , Proteínas Mitocondriais/genética , Proteínas Mitocondriais/metabolismo , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Pupa/genética , Pupa/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Pupa/fisiologia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
This study compares the distribution of anopheline mosquitoes in a malaria-endemic municipality (MAL) and a malaria-free municipality (FREE) in an area of the Atlantic Forest in Brazil. Simultaneous quarterly nightly captures were made in three locations in each municipality. One Shannon light trap (Shannon light traps were home made according to specifications published in Am. J. Trop. Med. 1939; 19: 131140) (SLT) and five CDC light traps (a kind of automatic trap fed by batteries of 12 V and 7 amp/h, with dry ice as a source of CO2; John W. Hock Company, Gainesville, FL) (CLT) (two in the canopy and three at ground level) were operated from 6:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m. More specimens were captured in MAL (362 in SLTs and 126 in CLTs) than in FREE (66 in SLTs and 59 in CLTs). For the SLTs, Simpson's dominance index was similar in MAL and FREE (D = 0.15 versus D = 0.203, P > 0.7), but Shannon's diversity index was higher for MAL (H = 1.969 versus H = 1.641, P < 0.01)...
Assuntos
Animais , Anopheles/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Malária/prevenção & controle , Malária/transmissãoRESUMO
The closure of two phases of the dam at the Porto Primavera Hydroelectric Plant on the Paraná River flooded a flawed system located in the Municipality of Presidente Epitácio, São Paulo state, favoring the proliferation of aquatic weeds. This study aimedto observe the population of Mansonia humeralis in the area, monitoring the richness, diversity, and dominance of this species both before and during different phases of reservoir flooding as well as evaluate its possible consequences concerning human and animal contact. Adult mosquitoes were collected monthly in the following periods: at the original level, after the first flood, and after the maximum level had been reached between 1997 and 2002. Collection methods used were an aspirator, a Shannontrap, and the Human Attractive Technique. A total of 30,723 mosquitoes were collected, Ma. humeralis accounting for 3.1% in the preflood phase, 59.6% in the intermediate, and 53.8% at maximum level. This species is relevant to public health, since the prospect of continued contact between Ma. humeralis and the human population enhances the dams importance in the production of nuisance mosquitoes, possibly facilitating the transmission of arboviruses. Local authorities should continue to monitor culicidactivity through sustainable entomological surveillance...
Assuntos
Animais , Culicidae/classificação , Culicidae/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
The survival, absolute population size, gonotrophic cycle duration, and temporal and spatial abundance of Nyssomyia neivai (Pinto) were studied in a rural area endemic for American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in Conchal, São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil, using mark-release-recapture techniques and by monitoring population fluctuation. The monthly abundance exhibited a unimodal pattern, with forest and domicile habitats having the highest relative abundances. A total of 1,873 males and 3,557 females were marked and released during the six experiments, of which 4.1-13.0% of males and 4.1-11.8% of females were recaptured. Daily survivorship estimated from the decline in recaptures per day was 0.681 for males and 0.667 for females. Gonotrophic cycle duration was estimated to be 4.0 d. Absolute population size was calculated using the Lincoln Index and ranged from 861 to 4,612 males and from 2,187 to 19,739 females. The low proportion of females that reach the age when they are potentially infective suggests that N. neivai has a low biological capacity to serve as a vector and that factors such as high biting rates and opportunistic feeding behavior would be needed to enable Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Vianna transmission. This agreed with the epidemiological pattern of ACL in southeastern Brazil that is characterized by low incidence, with isolated cases acquired principally within domiciliary habitats.
Assuntos
Insetos Vetores/fisiologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/epidemiologia , Psychodidae/fisiologia , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Comportamento Alimentar , Humanos , Insetos Vetores/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Insetos Vetores/parasitologia , Leishmania , Longevidade , Densidade Demográfica , Dinâmica Populacional , Psychodidae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Psychodidae/parasitologiaRESUMO
The survival, absolute population size, gonotrophic cycle duration, and temporal and spatial abundance of Nyssomyia neivai (Pinto) were studied in a rural area endemic for American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in Conchal, Sõo Paulo State, southeastern Brazil, using mark-release-recapture techniques and by monitoring population fluctuation. The monthly abundance exhibited a unimodal pattern, with forest and domicile habitats having the highest relative abundances. A total of 1,873 males and 3,557 females were marked and released during the six experiments, of which 4.113.0% of males and 4.111.8% of females were recaptured. Daily survivorship estimated from the decline in recaptures per day was 0.681 for males and 0.667 for females. Gonotrophic cycle duration was estimated to be 4.0 d. Absolute population size was calculated using the Lincoln Index and ranged from 861 to 4,612 males and from 2,187 to 19,739 females. The low proportion of females that reach the age when they are potentially infective suggests that N. neivai has a low biological capacity to serve as a vector and that factors such as high biting rates and opportunistic feeding behavior would be needed to enable Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Vianna transmission. This agreed with the epidemiological pattern of ACL in southeastern Brazil that is characterized by low incidence, with isolated cases acquired principally within domiciliary habitats...
Assuntos
Animais , Leishmaniose Cutânea , Leishmaniose Cutânea/classificação , Leishmaniose Cutânea/parasitologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/transmissãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify and compare the immature Culicidae population and their predators in different breeding places in a public city park. METHODS: The study was carried out in an ecological park situated in the outskirts of the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Four Culicidae breeding places were selected: one semi-permanent, two permanent and one polluted brook. Throughout a year, at monthly intervals, systematic and standardized collections of Culicidae and their predators were undertaken to assess mosquito frequency, and estimate the index of abundance and predatory potential of the associated fauna. RESULTS: A total of 9,065 Culicidae were collected at the four breeding places studied. Twenty-two species or groups were obtained, generally at low frequencies, except for Culex quinquefasciatus, the only species at the polluted breeding place seen highly frequent. This was the most abundant species in this study, followed by others of the Culex genus. CONCLUSIONS: It was found an imbalance in the polluted breeding place as a result of a high concentration of pollutants and absence of predators, which leads to an intense proliferation of only one species. At the other breeding places, there is evidence that the associated fauna promotes a natural biological balance.
Assuntos
Culicidae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Reservatórios de Doenças , Água Doce , Insetos Vetores/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Árvores , Animais , Culex/classificação , Culex/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Culicidae/classificação , Insetos Vetores/classificação , Larva , Densidade DemográficaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: A Aedes aegypti population from an area of dengue transmission was studied to determine mosquito's frequency, spatial distribution, parity, its ovarian development and midgut contents. METHODS: The study carried out in São José do Rio Preto country, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Low and intermediate socioeconomic level regions were chosen to the study, which was carried out 1996 and 1997. Using a manual electric aspirator, captures were performed inside and outside the houses. Dissections were conducted to allow classify female mosquitoes according to their physiologic state. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-eight males and 189 females were captured in both regions. A general index of 0.46 Ae. aegypti females per house was determined. Of the total sample, 82.4% of males and 87.3% of females were collected indoors. Greater proportions of females were found in the region of low socioeconomic level, and higher population density. One hundred and forty-eight female mosquitoes were analyzed: 27.0% were nulliparous and 10.1% parous. The rest were classified as Christophers and Mer's (C & M) phases III to V, 28.0% of which had red blood in their midgut. Of the total female population, 87.9% had bloodmeals. CONCLUSIONS: The mosquito species revealed a high degree of endophily. There was a higher proportion of nulliparous mosquitoes, although the majority of the females were classified as C & M's phases III to V. These results highlight both the great number of females who had had bloodmeals, and the lack of gonotrophic concordance.
Assuntos
Aedes/fisiologia , Dengue/epidemiologia , Doenças Endêmicas , Aedes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Dengue/transmissão , Reservatórios de Doenças , Feminino , Insetos Vetores , Masculino , Controle de Mosquitos , Densidade DemográficaRESUMO
Larvae and adult forms of Aedes albopictus were found during ecological study of anopheline mosquitos in the rural zone of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul in Brazil. This occurrence was registered, for the first time in Brazil, in an enzoootic area if sylvatic yellow fever virus. This implies a potential risk of the transfer of this virus to an urban area infested with Aedes aegypti.