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Kidney transplantation is a common yet highly demanding medical procedure worldwide, enhancing the quality of life for patients with chronic kidney disease. Despite its prevalence, the procedure faces a shortage of available organs, partly due to contamination by microorganisms, leading to significant organ disposal. This study proposes utilizing photonic techniques associated with organ support machines to prevent patient contamination during kidney transplantation. We implemented a decontamination system using ultraviolet-C (UV-C) irradiation on the preservation solution circulating through pigs' kidneys between harvest and implant. UV-C irradiation, alone or combined with ultrasound (US) and Ps80 detergent during ex-vivo swine organ perfusion in a Lifeport® Kidney Transporter machine, aimed to reduce microbiological load in both fluid and organ. Results show rapid fluid decontamination compared to microorganism release from the organ, with notable retention. By including Ps80 detergent at 0.5% during UV-C irradiation 3 log10 (CFU mL-1) of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria previously retained in the organ were successfully removed, indicating the technique's feasibility and effectiveness.

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Immunocastration (ImC) has been proposed as an animal welfare-friendly alternative to reduce sexual and aggressive behavior and to increase carcass fat deposition with positive effects on meat quality. The ß-adrenergic agonists (ß-AA) are known as repartitioning agents that acts increasing lean tissue deposition. The combined use of these technologies can positively affect meat quality and increase retail cuts yield. Thus, this research was conducted to evaluate the combined effects of ImC and ß-AA (zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) and ractopamine hydrochloride (RH)) on retail cuts, bones, and fat trim of feedlot finished Bos indicus (Nellore) cattle. No interaction was observed between sexual condition and diet for any trait. The ImC decreased cold carcass, hindquarter (HQ), forequarter (FQ) and combined brisket, short ribs and flank (BSF) weights. The ImC also showed smaller weights of retail cuts and bones on the HQ and on the FQ than non-castrated (NoC). Fat trim weights did not differ from ImC and NoC. The most of subprimal cuts were heavier in NoC than in ImC. Feeding ß-AA did not affect cold carcass weight; however, animals fed ZH had higher weights of HQ and retail cuts in HQ when compared with RH and control (CO) group, with no differences between RH and CO for both traits. The weights of FQ, BSF, retail cuts in FQ, as well as bones and fat trimmings were not affected by ß-AA. In summary, ImC decreases carcass and retail cut weights, whereas ZH supplementation leads to an improvement in carcass lean tissue and retail cuts.

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Our objective was to evaluate the effect of a second PGF2α treatment (25 mg of dinoprost) or a double dose of PGF2α (50 mg of dinoprost) during a Resynch protocol on luteal regression and pregnancies per artificial insemination (P/AI) in lactating dairy cows. Lactating Holstein cows (n = 1,100) were randomly assigned at a nonpregnancy diagnosis to receive (1) Ovsynch (control: 100 µg of GnRH; 7 d, 25 mg of PGF2α; 56 h, 100 µg of GnRH), (2) Ovsynch with a second PGF2α treatment (GPPG: 100 µg of GnRH; 7 d, 25 mg of PGF2α; 24 h, 25 mg of PGF2α; 32 h, 100 µg of GnRH), or (3) Ovsynch with a double dose of PGF2α (GDDP: 100 µg of GnRH; 7 d, 50 mg of PGF2α; 56 h, 100 µg of GnRH). All cows received timed artificial insemination (TAI) approximately 16 h after the second GnRH treatment (G2). Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by transrectal palpation 39 ± 3 d after TAI, and pregnancy status was reconfirmed 66 d after TAI. Blood samples collected from a subset of cows in each treatment at the first PGF2α treatment (n = 394) and at G2 (n = 367) were assayed for progesterone (P4). Data were analyzed by logistic regression using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). At 39 d after TAI, GPPG cows tended to have more P/AI than control cows [35% (137/387) vs. 31% (107/349)], whereas P/AI for GDDP cows [32% (118/364)] did not differ from that for control cows. Pregnancy loss from 38 to 66 d did not differ among treatments and was 8% (30/362). The percentage of cows with complete luteal regression (P4 <0.4 ng/mL at G2) tended to differ among treatments and was greater for GPPG cows than for GDDP and control cows (94% vs. 88% vs. 88%, respectively). Overall, cows with P4 <1 ng/mL at the first PGF2α treatment had fewer P/AI than cows with P4 ≥1 ng/mL (27% vs. 38%), whereas cows with P4 ≥0.4 ng/mL at G2 had fewer P/AI than cows with P4 <0.4 ng/mL (15% vs. 38%). We conclude that adding a second PGF2α treatment 24 h after the first within a Resynch protocol tended to increase the proportion of cows undergoing complete luteal regression and P/AI, whereas treatment with a double dose of PGF2α at a single time did not.

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ß-Adrenergic agonists (ß-AA) are non-hormonal growth promoters which promote muscle hypertrophy in supplemented animals. The effects of two ß-AA in combination with the immunocastration technique on the performance and carcass traits were evaluated using 96 feedlot Nellore males in a randomized complete block design with two sex conditions (immunocastrated (IC) v. non-castrated (NC)) and three treatments: CON (no ß-agonists added), RH (300 mg of ractopamine hydrochloride/day, for 33 days) or ZH (80 mg of zilpaterol·hydrochloride animal/day for 30 days, removed 3 days for required withdrawal period). The trial was carried for 100 days where in the first 70 days animals did not receive ß-AA (phase 1) and during the last 30 days they were treated with ß-AA (phase 2). The performance and ultrasound measurements of longissimus muscle area (LMA), backfat thickness (BFT) and rump fat thickness (RFT) were evaluated in both phases. No sex condition v. treatment interactions were observed for any trait. The NC animals had higher average daily gain (ADG) and final BW than the IC animals, but they did not differ in dry matter intake (DMI) and feed efficiency (gain to feed). The NC animals showed greater LMA (P=0.0001) and hot carcass weight (P=0.0006), and smaller BFT (P=0.0007), RFT (P=0.0039) and percentage of kidney, pelvic and heart fat (P<0.0001) when compared with IC animals. The animals fed ZH showed greater ADG (P=0.0002), G : F (P<0.0001) and dressing per cent (P=0.0136) than those fed RH and CON diets. No differences in BW and DMI were observed. A interaction between treatment and time on feed was observed for LMA and BFT, in which the animals fed ZH diet showed greater LMA (P<0.01) and lower BFT (P<0.01) at 100 days than the animals fed RH and CON diets, whereas RH and CON diets did not differ. Immunocastration decreases muscle development and increases carcass finishing. In contrast, ß-AA increases muscle and decreases fat deposition. The ZH has a higher action on the muscle metabolism than animals fed RH diet. However, RH diet achieves a better balance because it has an intermediary performance between non-supplemented and ZH animals and does not decrease the carcass fat.

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O efeito do balanço cátion-aniônico da dieta (BCAD) no balanço macromineral (cálcio, fósforo e magnésio), no pH urinário e fecal, na concentração sérica de cálcio, fósforo e magnésio foi estudado utilizando-se 16 carneiros machos, da raça Santa Inês, por um período de 26 dias, sendo sete de adaptação. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos. Para a manipulação do BCAD foram adicionados cloreto de cálcio e bicarbonato de sódio, obtendo-se os seguintes tratamentos: -12; +30; +76 e +133mEq/kg MS da ração. Não foram encontradas diferenças (P>0,10) no pH fecal, pH urinário, balanço de fósforo e magnésio. Com o aumento do BCAD houve decréscimo da absorção e retenção de cálcio, e aumento da excreção fecal. A manipulação do BCAD interferiu no metabolismo de macrominerais, principalmente no de cálcio.

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O efeito do balanço cátion-aniônico da dieta (BCAD) no balanço macromineral (cálcio, fósforo e magnésio), no pH urinário e fecal, na concentração sérica de cálcio, fósforo e magnésio foi estudado utilizando-se 16 carneiros machos, da raça Santa Inês, por um período de 26 dias, sendo sete de adaptação. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos. Para a manipulação do BCAD foram adicionados cloreto de cálcio e bicarbonato de sódio, obtendo-se os seguintes tratamentos: -12; +30; +76 e +133mEq/kg MS da ração. Não foram encontradas diferenças (P>0,10) no pH fecal, pH urinário, balanço de fósforo e magnésio. Com o aumento do BCAD houve decréscimo da absorção e retenção de cálcio, e aumento da excreção fecal. A manipulação do BCAD interferiu no metabolismo de macrominerais, principalmente no de cálcio.(AU)

The dietary cation-anion balance (DCAB) effect on the macromineral (calcium, phosphorus and magnesium) balance, urinary and faecal pH, serum concentration of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium was studied in 16 Santa Inês adult sheep, during 26 days, being a seven-day-period of adaptation. The experiment consisted in a completely randomized block design with four treatments. Calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate were added to DCAB manipulations to achieve the values: -12; + 30; +76 and +133mEq/kg DM. There was no effect of DCAB (P>0.10) on fecal and urinary pH, and on phosphorus and magnesium balance. The increase in the DCAB corresponded to a decrease in calcium absorption and calcium retention, and an increase in calcium fecal excretion values. The manipulation of the DCAB affected the macromineral metabolism, mainly the calcium metabolism.(AU)

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Estudaram-se os efeitos do método de colheita de líquido ruminal, por sonda ou fístula ruminal, e do momento de colheita, antes e depois da alimentação, sobre a concentração e proporção de AGVs, concentração de nitrogênio amoniacal, concentração de minerais e pH do líquido ruminal, utilizando-se quatro bovinos machos da raça Nelore, com fístula ruminal e peso médio de 237kg. Observou-se maior concentração total de ácidos graxos voláteis no líquido colhido por fístula antes e depois da alimentação. Maior porcentagem de ácido acético, menor de ácido propiônico e butírico, menor concentração de nitrogênio amoniacal, maior valor do pH e menor concentração de cálcio, de fósforo e de potássio foram obtidas no líquido colhido por sonda esofagiana. Tanto o líquido ruminal colhido por fístula como o por sonda esofagiana antes da alimentação apresentaram menor concentração de AGVs, menor porcentagem de ácido propiônico, menor concentração de nitrogênio amoniacal, maior porcentagem de ácido butírico, maior relação AC/PRO e maior pH do que o colhido após a alimentação. Sugere-se trabalhar com colheitas por fístula ruminal após a administração do alimento em experimentos em que se queira observar os primeiros efeitos dos tratamentos sobre o metabolismo ruminal. Com conhecimento prévio da ação do tratamento no metabolismo ruminal e sendo utilizado um tratamento-controle, a colheita por sonda esofagiana poderá ser utilizada, mas apenas para experimentos em que os parâmetros ruminais sejam o enfoque secundário.(AU)

The effects of sampling methods of the rumen fluid through esophageal probe or rumen cannula, and sampling time, before and after meal on concentration and proportion of the VFA, ammonia nitrogen and minerals concentration and rumen pH were evaluated. Four Nelore steers fitted with rumen cannula, averaging 237kg live weight were used. Regardless sampling time, higher VFA concentration was observed for rumen fluid collected through cannula. Rumen fluid collect through esophageal probe showed higher acetic acid concentration and pH, however it showed lower propionic and butyric acids, ammonia nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus and potassium concentrations. It was suggested that rumen sampling through rumen cannula after meal, is more important in experiments where the objectives are to evaluate the effects of treatments on ruminal metabolism. If the treatment effect is already known and a strong control treatment is set up, the esophageal probe can be used only for experiments where the ruminal parameters are not the main objective.(AU)

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Estudaram-se os efeitos do método de colheita de líquido ruminal, por sonda ou fístula ruminal, e do momento de colheita, antes e depois da alimentaçäo, sobre a concentraçäo e proporçäo de AGVs, concentraçäo de nitrogênio amoniacal, concentraçäo de minerais e pH do líquido ruminal, utilizando-se quatro bovinos machos da raça Nelore, com fístula ruminal e peso médio de 237kg. Observou-se maior concentraçäo total de ácidos graxos voláteis no líquido colhido por fístula antes e depois da alimentaçäo. Maior porcentagem de ácido acético, menor de ácido propiônico e butírico, menor concentraçäo de nitrogênio amoniacal, maior valor do pH e menor concentraçäo de cálcio, de fósforo e de potássio foram obtidas no líquido colhido por sonda esofagiana. Tanto o líquido ruminal colhido por fístula como o por sonda esofagiana antes da alimentaçäo apresentaram menor concentraçäo de AGVs, menor porcentagem de ácido propiônico, menor concentraçäo de nitrogênio amoniacal, maior porcentagem de ácido butírico, maior relaçäo AC/PRO e maior pH do que o colhido após a alimentaçäo. Sugere-se trabalhar com colheitas por fístula ruminal após a administraçäo do alimento em experimentos em que se queira observar os primeiros efeitos dos tratamentos sobre o metabolismo ruminal. Com conhecimento prévio da açäo do tratamento no metabolismo ruminal e sendo utilizado um tratamento-controle, a colheita por sonda esofagiana poderá ser utilizada, mas apenas para experimentos em que os parâmetros ruminais sejam o enfoque secundário.

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