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Introduction. Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) is characteristically determined by high levels of calcium and high or inappropriate levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Technological advances have dramatically changed the surgical technique over the years once intraoperative parathyroid hormone (IOPTH) assay had allowed for focused approaches. Objective. To evaluate our 10-year experience in employing a rapid intraoperative PTH assay for PHP. Methods. A prospective cohort of 91 PHP-operated patients in a tertiary institution in São Paulo, Brazil, from June 2000 to April 2011. Results. We had 85 (93.4%) successful parathyroidectomies, 6 (6.6%) failed parathyroidectomies in 91 previous unexplored patients, and 5 (100%) successful remedial surgeries. The IOPTH was true-positive in 88.5%, true-negative in 7.3%, false-positive in 2.1%, and false-negative in 2.1% of the procedures. IOPTH was able to obviate additional exploration or to ask for additional exploration in 92 (95.8%) procedures. Conclusion. The IOPTH revealed to be an important technological adjunct in the current parathyroid surgery for PHP.

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Surgical treatment of secondary (SHPT) and tertiary hyperparathyroidism (THPT) may involve various surgical approaches. The aim of this paper was to evaluate presternal intramuscular autotransplantation of parathyroid tissue as a surgical option in SHPT and THPT treatment. 66 patients with renal chronic disease underwent surgery from April 2000 to April 2005 at Universidade Federal São Paulo, Brazil. There were 38 SHPT patients (24 women/14 men), mean age of 39.yrs (range: 14-58), and 28 THPT patients (14 women/14 men), mean age of 43.4 yrs (range: 24-62). Postoperative average followup was 42.9 months (range: 12-96). Postoperative intact PTH increased throughout followup from 73.5 pg/mL to 133 pg/mL on average from 1st to the 5th year, respectively, in SHPT and from 54.9 pg/mL to 94.7 pg/mL on average from 1st to 5th year, respectively, in THPT group. Definitive hypoparathyroidism was observed in 4 (6.06%) patients and graft-dependent recurrence in 6 (9.09%). Presternal intramuscular autotransplantation of parathyroid tissue is a feasible and safe surgical option in SHPT and THPT treatment.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a sensibilidade antimicrobiana in vitro de cepas de Staphylococcus aureusisoladas de tetos de vacas e mãos de retireiros, além de verificar o polimorfismo entre elas pela técnica de PCR-RAPD. Os testes foram realizados pela técnica de difusão em discos e, após a extração do material genético foram desenvolvidas as técnicas de PCR e RAPD, usando para isso 40 iniciadores diferentes. A análise do polimorfismo foi realizada empregando-se o programa de taxonomia numérica NTSYS. As sensibilidades dos antimicrobianos nas cepas obtidas de tetos de vacas foram 4% para a penicilina, 88% para a tetraciclina, 92% para a gentamicina, 96% para a vancomicina e 100% ao cloranfenicol. Para as cepas provenientes das mãos de retireiros, os resultados de sensibilidade foram zero para a penicilina, 70% para a tetraciclina e 90% para a vancomicina e 100% para os antimicrobianos gentamicina e cloranfenicol. A realização do E-teste indicou uma concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) maior que 256 mg/mL para as cepas resistentes ao antimicrobiano vancomicina. Os estudos permitiram detectar a resistência dos S. aureus mediante o uso dos antimicrobianos testados e determinar a diversidade genética entre as cepas de estafilococos devido à presença de muitas bandas polimórficas encontradas em todos os iniciadores.

The aim of this study was to analyze in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from teats of cow udders and milking workers' hands as well as to verify polymorphism among them by using RAPD-PCR technique. Tests were conducted by disk diffusion technique and after the collection of the genetic material PCR and RAPD techniques were performed with the use of 40 different initiators. The analysis of polymorphism was conducted by using the NTSYS program of numerical taxonomy. The susceptibility of antimicrobials in the strains collected from teats of cow udders was 4% to penicillin, 88% to tetracycline, 92% to gentamicine, 96% to vancomycin and 100% to chloranfenicol. As for the strains collected from milking workers' hands, susceptibility results were 0% to penicillin, 70% to tetracycline and 90% to vancomycin and 100% to gentamicine and chloranfenicol antimicrobials. E-test showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) greater than 256 ?g/mL to strains resistant to the antimicrobial vancomycin. The studies made it possible to detect S. aureus resistance upon the use of the tested antimicrobials and to determine the genetic diversity found among strains of staphylococcus due to the presence of many polymorphic bands found in all initiators.

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ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from teats of cow udders and milking workers hands as well as to verify polymorphism among them by using RAPD-PCR technique. Tests were conducted by disk diffusion technique and after the collection of the genetic material PCR and RAPD techniques were performed with the use of 40 different initiators. The analysis of polymorphism was conducted by using the NTSYS program of numerical taxonomy. The susceptibility of antimicrobials in the strains collected from teats of cow udders was 4% to penicillin, 88% to tetracycline, 92% to gentamicine, 96% to vancomycin and 100% to chloranfenicol. As for the strains collected from milking workers hands, susceptibility results were 0% to penicillin, 70% to tetracycline and 90% to vancomycin and 100% to gentamicine and chloranfenicol antimicrobials. E-test showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) greater than 256 ?g/mL to strains resistant to the antimicrobial vancomycin. The studies made it possible to detect S. aureus resistance upon the use of the tested antimicrobials and to determine the genetic diversity found among strains of staphylococcus due to the presence of many polymorphic bands found in all initiators.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a sensibilidade antimicrobiana in vitro de cepas de Staphylococcus aureusisoladas de tetos de vacas e mãos de retireiros, além de verificar o polimorfismo entre elas pela técnica de PCR-RAPD. Os testes foram realizados pela técnica de difusão em discos e, após a extração do material genético foram desenvolvidas as técnicas de PCR e RAPD, usando para isso 40 iniciadores diferentes. A análise do polimorfismo foi realizada empregando-se o programa de taxonomia numérica NTSYS. As sensibilidades dos antimicrobianos nas cepas obtidas de tetos de vacas foram 4% para a penicilina, 88% para a tetraciclina, 92% para a gentamicina, 96% para a vancomicina e 100% ao cloranfenicol. Para as cepas provenientes das mãos de retireiros, os resultados de sensibilidade foram zero para a penicilina, 70% para a tetraciclina e 90% para a vancomicina e 100% para os antimicrobianos gentamicina e cloranfenicol. A realização do E-teste indicou uma concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) maior que 256 mg/mL para as cepas resistentes ao antimicrobiano vancomicina. Os estudos permitiram detectar a resistência dos S. aureus mediante o uso dos antimicrobianos testados e determinar a diversidade genética entre as cepas de estafilococos devido à presença de muitas bandas polimórficas encontradas em todos os iniciadores.

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Liomyomas of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are rare. They make up less than 1% of all leiomyomas in the human body. This is due to the paucity of smooth muscle in the nose. They are classified in three groups: leiomyoma, angiomyoma and epithelioid leiomyoma. Only 15 cases of vascular leiomyomas have been found in the literature. The treatment of choice is surgical excision. Hereby we present a new case and review the literature.

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Leiomioma de cavidade nasal e seios paranasais é raro. Ele constitui menos de 1 por cento de todos os leiomiomas do corpo humano. Isto se deve à escassez de células musculares no nariz. Estas neoplasias podem ser classificadas em três grupos: leiomioma, angiomioma e leiomioma epitelióide. Somente 15 casos de angiomioma foram encontrados na literatura. O tratamento de escolha é a excisão cirúrgica. Um novo caso e a revisão da literatura são apresentados.

Liomyomas of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are rare. They make up less than 1 percent of all leiomyomas in the human body. This is due to the paucity of smooth muscle in the nose. They are classified in three groups: leiomyoma, angiomyoma and epithelioid leiomyoma. Only 15 cases of vascular leiomyomas have been found in the literature. The treatment of choice is surgical excision. Hereby we present a new case and review the literature.

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ABSTRACT The main of the present study was analyze the use of a french press device to obtain genetic material from staphylococci and to detect genes involved with chromosomal and plasmid resistance to the following antimicrobial drugs: oxacillin, gentamicin, kanamycin and vancomycin. The agar disc diffusion method was conducted initially for 50 strains and the bacterial susceptibility was confirmed by means of PCR reactions. The results from the antibiogram method revealed high sensibility to gentamicin and kanamycin (4%) and oxacillin (8%). All strains were susceptible to vancomycin. The DNA from the bacteria was obtained by means of physical lyses using a french press device. The genes mecA and aph3 IIIa were detected on the staphylococci chromosome and the gene aac(6)Ie + aph(2) was observed either in the chromosome and in the plasmid content of the staphylococci analyzed. Based on the obtained results one can conclude that the methodology used to extract the genomic genetic material using the french press device was efficient and allowed a simple method to detect by PCR and to locate by ultracentrifugation, the staphylococci antibiotic resistance genes.

RESUMO Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar o uso da prensa francesa para se adquirir material genético de estafilococos e detectar possíveis genes de resistência cromossomais e plasmidiais aos antimicrobianos oxacilina, gentamicina, canamicina e vancomicina. O método da difusão de discos em ágar foi realizado, inicialmente, para 50 linhagens de estafilococos e a susceptibilidade antimicrobiana foi confirmada por meio de Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR). Os resultados obtidos pelo antibiograma constataram alta susceptibilidade para gentamicina e canamicina (4%) e oxacilina (8%). Todas as linhagens foram susceptíveis à vancomicina. O DNA bacteriano foi obtido por lise física a partir da prensa francesa. Os genes mecA e aph3IIIa foram detectados no cromossomo dos estafilococos e o gene aac(6) Ie + aph (2") foi observado tanto no cromossomo como no plasmidio destas bactérias. Pelos resultados pode-se concluir que a metodologia utilizada para a extração de DNA genômico, por meio da prensa francesa, foi barata e eficiente, pois possibilitou a detecção por PCR e a localização, por ultracentrifugação, de genes de resistência em estafilococos.

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Central nervous system involvement by tuberculosis presents two main types: tuberculosis meningitis or tuberculoma. This second condition has nowadays ideal conditions for development. We report three patients who developed paradoxical brain tuberculosis expansive lesion during the use of tuberculostatic drugs. The cases point out the importance of tomography follow up of patients who present neurological signs in the course of treatment for tuberculosis. The first two patients presented onset of the a neurological symptoms, associated with lung tuberculosis. The third patient previously had tuberculous meningitis. Computerized tomography was used to follow up these patients. Tuberculostatic and corticoid drugs were used for treatment.

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Pyrolysis mass spectrometry (PyMS) and DNA fingerprinting (RAPD and RSalpha hybridization) were used to characterize soybean inoculant strains and root nodule isolates of bradyrhizobia from the Brazilian Cerrado soils. Most isolates were shown to be derived from the inoculant strains on the basis of genotype comparisons by DNA fingerprinting. Phenotypic analysis (using PyMS) of the strains and separately of the polysaccharides derived from them showed that the nodule isolates differed from the parental strains, suggesting adaptation to the Cerrado soil environment. The extent of the differences between the derivatives and inoculant strains was similar for comparisons made on the basis of whole-cell preparations or from the isolated polysaccharides, indicating that the adaptation was caused by changes in the composition of the polysaccharides produced.

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Actinomycetes were isolated from soybean rhizosphere soil collected as two field sites in Brazil. All the isolates were identified as Streptomyces species and were screened for streptomycin production and the presence of two genes, strA and strB1, known to be involved in streptomycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces griseus. Antibiotic resistance profiles were determined for 53 isolates from cultivated and uncultivated sites, and approximately half the strains were streptomycin resistance. Clustering by the unweighted pair group method with averages indicated the presence of two major clusters, with the majority of resistant strains from cultivated sites being placed in cluster 1. Only representatives from this cluster contained strA. Streptomycetes containing strA and strB1 were phenotypically diverse, and only half could be assigned to known species. Sequence comparison of 16S rRNA and trpBA (tryptophan synthetase) genes revealed that streptomycin- producing streptomycetes were phylogenetically diverse. It appeared that a population of streptomycetes had colonized the rhizosphere and that a proportion of these were capable of streptomycin production.

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