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AIM: To describe stress and analyze its associated factors among nursing students. INTRODUCTION: Stress is a common mental health problem among medical students, especially nursing students. Therefore, understanding stress and its associated factors is necessary to improve stress in students. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 nursing students using the stratified sampling method. This study used questionnaires such as demographic form, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21, and the Stressors in Nursing Students scale. The STROBE checklist was used for reporting this study. RESULTS: Results showed that nearly half of the nursing students were stressed at various levels. Students experienced stress the most due to financial stressors, followed by education, clinical, and confidence stressors. Most of the factors in the four groups-clinical, education, confidence, and finance-increased the risk of stress in nursing students. There was a close relationship between personal problems other than health and the students' risk of stress (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated that stress in nursing students was at a high level. Determining the prevalence and associated factors of stress in nursing students will help schools, families, and society take measures to reduce stress among students. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY: Educational administrators need to develop policies to support nursing students, such as reviewing the academic load of nursing students, improving the design of curricula, and supporting finance for students with difficult situations. Support services should be organized and make it easier for students to access mental health counseling services.
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Estudantes de Medicina, Estudantes de Enfermagem, Humanos, Estudos Transversais, Estudantes de Enfermagem/psicologia, Prevalência, Vietnã/epidemiologia, Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia, Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Background: Economic development and social environment changes influence disease patterns ranging from infectious diseases to noncommunicable diseases, and diabetes is one of the seven causes leading to death and disability in Vietnam. Objectives: The purpose of this research is to present an overview of the challenges related to diabetes prevention in Vietnam and to find effective ways for the prevention and control of diabetes, as well as to improve the quality of life among diabetes patients. Methods: The literature review was conducted using a variety of databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Vietnamese data sources, and papers published in the Vietnamese language. For the searches, we used keywords such as "Diabetes," "Prevention," and "Prevalence of Diabetes." Findings and Conclusions: With the increasing prevalence of diabetes, there are approximately 5.76 million people with diabetes currently living in Vietnam. The age-adjusted comparative prevalence of diabetes in the population of Vietnam was approximately 6% in 2017. This review suggests that the government needs to establish social security and policy programs aimed at reducing social risk factors and the burden of healthcare costs for diabetes treatment in older people. In addition, attention should be paid to the management and control of diabetes-related diseases, with an emphasis on new techniques for early diagnosis and treatment. Simultaneously, the health system should ensure that diabetes patients living in rural areas and belonging to ethnic minorities can access better healthcare services to improve their health and decrease their risk for chronic disease and death.
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Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia, Gastos em Saúde, Política de Saúde, Diabetes Mellitus/economia, Diabetes Mellitus/prevenção & controle, Diabetes Mellitus/terapia, Dieta, Dislipidemias/epidemiologia, Etnicidade, Custos de Cuidados de Saúde, Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde, Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde, Humanos, Hipertensão/epidemiologia, Obesidade/epidemiologia, Prevalência, Qualidade de Vida, Fatores de Risco, Comportamento de Redução do Risco, População Rural, Comportamento Sedentário, Fumar/epidemiologia, Vietnã/epidemiologiaRESUMO
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212504.].
RESUMO
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is an African freshwater fish that displays a genetic sex determination system (XX|XY) where high temperatures (above 32°C to 36.5°C) induce masculinization. In Nile tilapia, the thermosensitive period was reported from 10 to 30 days post fertilization. In their natural environment, juveniles may encounter high temperatures that are above the optimal temperature for growth (27-30°C). The relevance of the thermal sex reversal mechanism in a natural context remains unclear. The main objective of our study is to determine whether sexually undifferentiated juveniles spontaneously prefer higher, unfavorable temperatures and whether this choice skews the sex ratio toward males. Five full-sib progenies (from 100% XX crosses) were subjected to (1) a horizontal three-compartment thermal step gradient (thermal continuum 28°C- 32°C- 36.5°C) during the thermosensitive period, (2) a control continuum (28°C- 28°C- 28°C) and (3) a thermal control tank (36.5°C). During the first days of the treatment, up to an average of 20% of the population preferred the masculinizing compartment of the thermal continuum (36.5°C) compared to the control continuum. During the second part of the treatment, juveniles preferred the lower, nonmasculinizing 32°C temperature. This short exposure to higher temperatures was sufficient to significantly skew the sex ratio toward males, compared to congeners raised at 28°C (from 5.0 ± 6.7% to 15.6 ± 16.5% of males). The proportion of males was significantly different in the thermal continuum, thermal control tank and control continuum, and it was positively correlated among populations. Our study shows for the first time that Nile tilapia juveniles can choose a masculinizing temperature during a short period of time. This preference is sufficient to induce sex reversal to males within a population. For the first time, behavior is reported as a potential player in the sex determination mechanism of this species.
