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PURPOSE: To identify potential Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of susceptibility for the development of acute radiation dermatitis in head and neck cancer patients, and also to verify the association between SNPs and the severity of RD. METHODS: This systematic review was reported according to the PRISMA guideline. The proportion meta-analysis was performed to identify the prevalence of genetic markers by geographical region and radiation dermatitis severity. The meta-analysis was performed to verify the association between genetic markers and RD severity. The certainty of the evidence was assessed by GRADE. RESULTS: Thirteen studies were included. The most prevalent SNPs were XRCC3 (rs861639) (36%), TGFß1 (rs1800469) (35%), and RAD51 (rs1801321) (34%). There are prevalence studies in Europe and Asia, with a similar prevalence for all SNPs (29-40%). The prevalence was higher in patients who developed radiation dermatitis ≤2 for any subtype of genes (75-76%). No SNP showed a statistically significant association with very low certainty of evidence. CONCLUSION: The most prevalent SNPs may be predictors of acute RD. The analysis of SNP before starting radiation therapy may be a promising method to predict the risk of developing radiation dermatitis and allow radiosensitive patients to have a customized treatment. This current review provides new research directions.

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Peptides have potential bioactive functions, and the peptidomics landscape has been broadly investigated for various diseases, including cancer. In this chapter, we reviewed the past four years of literature available and selected 16 peer-reviewed publications exploring peptidomics in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment in cancer research. We highlighted their main aims, mass spectrometry-based peptidomics, multi-omics, data-driven and in silico strategies, functional assays, and clinical applications. Moreover, we underscored several levels of difficulties in translating the peptidomics findings to clinical practice, aiming to learn with the accumulated knowledge and guide upcoming studies. Finally, this review reinforces the peptidomics robustness in discovering potential candidates for monitoring the several stages of cancer disease and therapeutic treatment, leveraging the management of cancer patients in the future.

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Burning mouth, also referred to as oral dysesthesia, is an underreported condition among cancer patients that may represent an early symptom of cancer or an adverse effect of treatment. This review sought to characterize this symptom in oncology care where burning symptoms may occur. A systematic review of the literature was performed based on the PRISMA statement, and the protocol was registered at PROSPERO database. A structured search was done using eight databases. The process of study selection was conducted in two distinct phases. The JBI Critical Appraisal Tools were utilized to evaluate the risk of bias in the studies included. Of the total number of studies assessed, sixteen met the eligibility criteria. Of these studies included, 7 were case reports, 7 cross-sectional studies, and 2 non-randomized clinical trials. Most studies presented low risk of bias (n = 9), while the remaining studies were evaluated and scored as moderate (n = 5) or high (n = 2) risk of bias. Burning mouth was reported as a first symptom of cancer in three studies, and as an adverse event of radiotherapy (n = 2), chemoradiotherapy (n = 2), and chemotherapy (n = 9). Burning mouth was a first symptom in 0.62% of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and 3.3% of patients with pain as chief complaint. Oral dysesthesia prevalence was 13.6% in patients experiencing chemotherapy-induced oral adverse events. The symptom of burning mouth should be examined in oncology care, as it may be underreported and therefore undertreated. New therapies may be related to a higher risk of oral burning and studies assessing approach to management are needed. Current management borrows from the current management of burning mouth in the non-cancer setting.

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OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to determine the clinical and epidemiologic profile of patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) following the current classification of the International Headache Society (IHS)-the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) and the International Classification of Orofacial Pain (ICOP). STUDY DESIGN: This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist and involved a comprehensive search on PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, LILACS, and the gray literature. RESULTS: Of the 4,252 studies identified, 41 were included. In general, there were no differences between the clinical and epidemiologic profiles of patients with BMS classified based on ICHD-3 or ICOP. Studies were pooled in meta-analyses and showed a significant prevalence of female patients between the sixth and seventh decade of life. The burning sensation and the tongue were the most prevalent descriptors and affected location. Significant associations were demonstrated between BMS and anxiety (P = .0006), depression (P = .004), and poor oral hygiene (P = .00001). CONCLUSIONS: Under the existing contemporary classification systems, patients with BMS were found to be mostly females in the sixth and seventh decade of life with a burning sensation on the tongue. Experiencing depression and anxiety was a commonly existing comorbidity.

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OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of smokeless tobacco (SLT) use and its association with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and head and neck cancer (HNC) in the Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO) region. STUDY DESIGN: A literature search was conducted across 9 databases and other sources. The eligibility criteria were pediatric (0-18 years old) and adult (19 years and older) populations consuming any type of SLT. Meta-analysis was performed to determine the prevalence of SLT and the association between its use and OPMDs/HNC in the PAHO region; the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tool was used to verify the certainty of evidence. RESULTS: Fifty-nine studies from 6 PAHO countries were included, of which 51 were also subjected to quantitative analysis. The pooled SLT prevalence of use was 15% (95%CI: 11.93-18.69) overall, 17% (95%CI: 13.25-22.65) in adults, and 11% (95%CI: 8.54-14.78) in the pediatric population. The highest reported SLT prevalence of use was 33.4% (95%CI: 27.17-39.93) in Venezuela. HNC was positively associated with SLT use (OR = 1.98, 95%CI: 1.54-2.55), with a moderate certainty of evidence. Among OPMDs, only leukoplakia reported a positive association with SLT use (OR = 8.38; 95%CI: 1.05-67.25). However, the quality of the evidence was very low. CONCLUSION: A high consumption of SLT use, chewing tobacco and snuff, is reported among the adult population residing in the PAHO region with a positive association with the development of oral leukoplakia and HNC.

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The search for biomarkers associated with oral leukoplakia malignant transformation is critical for early diagnosis and improved prognosis of oral cancer patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess protein-based markers potentially associated with malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia. Five database and the grey literature were searched. In total, 142 studies were included for qualitative synthesis, where 173 proteins were investigated due to their potential role in malignant progression from oral leukoplakia (OL) to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The abundance of these proteins was analyzed in fixed tissues and/or biofluid samples, mainly by immunohistochemistry and ELISA, and 12 were shared by both samples. Enrichment analysis revealed that the differential abundant proteins are mostly involved with regulation of cell death, regulation of cell proliferation, and regulation of apoptotic process. Also, these proteins are mainly expressed in the extracellular region (55.5%), cell surface (24.8%), and vesicles (49.1%). The meta-analysis revealed that the proteins related to tumor progression, PD-L1, Mdm2, and Mucin-4 were significantly associated with greater abundance in OSCC patients, with an Odds Ratio (OR) of 0.12 (95% CI: 0.04-0.40), 0.44 (95% CI: 0.24-0.81), and 0.18 (95% CI: 0.04-0.86), respectively, with a moderate certainty of evidence. The results indicate a set of proteins that have been investigated across OSCC initiation and progression, and whose transcriptional expression is associated with clinical characteristics relevant to the prognosis and aggressiveness. Further verification and validation of this biomarkers set are strongly recommended for future clinical application.

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OBJECTIVE: This systematic review investigated the dosimetric parameters used in preclinical studies. STUDY DESIGN: Searches were performed in 3 databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Embase) and gray literature to identify studies for review. In vitro and ex vivo studies that examined the effect of radiation on human permanent teeth were included. The modified Consolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials checklist of items for reporting preclinical in vitro studies was used to assess the risk of bias. RESULTS: In total, 32 studies met the inclusion criteria. The average radiation dose of in vitro studies was 53 (±22) Gy and in ex vivo studies was 69 (±1) Gy. Twenty-two studies used 5 different fractionation schemes. Twenty-two of the included studies did not report the radiotherapy modality of those reporting. Twenty studies used linear accelerators, and 7 used Cobalt-60 with the source-surface-distance of radiation ranging from 1.5 to 100 cm. Distilled water was the storage solution for the dental structure used most commonly. Biases were observed, including small sample sizes, lack of randomization, and blinding processes. CONCLUSION: The dosimetric parameters used in the preclinical studies, including radiation dose, radiotherapy modality, fractionation regime, and the storage solutions used did not support the hypothesis of direct effects of radiation on the dental structure.

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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate prognostic outcomes of PVL-derived oral squamous cell carcinomas (P-OSCC) based on recurrence, new primary tumour, metastasis and survival information. STUDY DESIGN: Five databases and grey literature were searched electronically with the following main keywords (proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, squamous cell carcinoma and malignant transformation) to answer the following review question: 'Are survival outcomes for P-OSCC worse?' based on the PECOS principle. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool was used to identify possible biases and assess the quality of each of the primary studies. RESULTS: A total of 21 articles met the inclusion criteria, and the results of this systematic review suggest that P-OSCC can recur and generate new primary tumours; however, metastases are rare. Thus, most patients remain alive for an average period of 5 years. CONCLUSION: Apparently, P-OSCC has better clinical prognostic characteristics than conventional OSCC. There is a lack of information on the main prognostic outcomes of P-OSCC; therefore, specific studies must be performed to achieve a better comparison between P-OSCC and conventional OSCC progression.

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