RESUMO
Robotic milking systems are successful innovations in the development of dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to analyse the milking characteristics and behavior of dairy cows of different calving orders in "milk first" robotic milking systems. The data were collected from a commercial herd located in the Midwest region of Minas Gerais (Brazil), which uses an automatic milking system (AMS TM, DeLaval). Were analysed 26,574 observations of 235 Holstein cows were available. Data were evaluated by multivariate analysis of variance and the Tukey test. - Tthe characteristics milk flow and milking efficiency were more favourable for multiparous cows (p <0.01), while the time in the stall was more favourable for primiparous females (p <0.01). The values of handling time were better in the primiparous cows (p <0.01). Primiparous cows had higher amounts of kick-off (p <0.001), and multiparous cows had higher incomplete milkings (p <0.001). The number of incomplete milkings showed a higher ratio in terms of reduction in milk production in 26.6% in primiparous cows and 26.7% in multiparous cows (p <0.01). Regarding the behavioral characteristics, primiparous cows had higher amounts of kickbacks, while multiparous cows had greater quantities of incomplete milkings.
Assuntos
Comportamento Animal , Indústria de Laticínios , Lactação , Paridade , Robótica , Animais , Bovinos/fisiologia , Feminino , Paridade/fisiologia , Lactação/fisiologia , Indústria de Laticínios/métodos , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Gravidez , Leite/química , BrasilRESUMO
Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy is a rare hereditary neuromuscular disease. Its manifestations begin primarily in childhood. The most frequent manifestations are progressive muscle weakness, atrophy that usually begins in the scapula-vertebral region, extending later to the pelvic girdle, and spinal stiffness. Patients can also manifest cardiac involvement as palpitations, syncope, exercise intolerance, congestive heart failure, and variable heart rhythm disturbances. 1 - 3 The presence and severity of these manifestations can vary according to the individual and the disease's subtypes. 2 Cardiac involvement is the most worrisome feature of this disease, and there are some reports of the need for heart transplantation in this dystrophy. 4.
A distrofia muscular de Emery-Dreifuss é uma doença neuromuscular hereditária rara. Suas manifestações começam principalmente na infância. As manifestações mais frequentes são fraqueza muscular progressiva, atrofia que geralmente se inicia na região escápulo-vertebral, estendendo-se posteriormente para a cintura pélvica e rigidez da coluna vertebral. Os pacientes também podem manifestar envolvimento cardíaco como palpitações, síncope, intolerância ao exercício, insuficiência cardíaca congestiva e distúrbios variáveis do ritmo cardíaco. 1 - 3 A presença e a gravidade dessas manifestações podem variar de acordo com o indivíduo e os subtipos da doença. 2 O envolvimento cardíaco é a característica mais preocupante desta doença, havendo alguns relatos da necessidade de transplante cardíaco nesta distrofia. 4.
Assuntos
Reabilitação Cardíaca , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Transplante de Coração , Distrofia Muscular de Emery-Dreifuss , Humanos , Arritmias CardíacasRESUMO
Resumo A distrofia muscular de Emery-Dreifuss é uma doença neuromuscular hereditária rara. Suas manifestações começam principalmente na infância. As manifestações mais frequentes são fraqueza muscular progressiva, atrofia que geralmente se inicia na região escápulo-vertebral, estendendo-se posteriormente para a cintura pélvica e rigidez da coluna vertebral. Os pacientes também podem manifestar envolvimento cardíaco como palpitações, síncope, intolerância ao exercício, insuficiência cardíaca congestiva e distúrbios variáveis do ritmo cardíaco. 1 - 3 A presença e a gravidade dessas manifestações podem variar de acordo com o indivíduo e os subtipos da doença. 2 O envolvimento cardíaco é a característica mais preocupante desta doença, havendo alguns relatos da necessidade de transplante cardíaco nesta distrofia. 4
Abstract Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy is a rare hereditary neuromuscular disease. Its manifestations begin primarily in childhood. The most frequent manifestations are progressive muscle weakness, atrophy that usually begins in the scapula-vertebral region, extending later to the pelvic girdle, and spinal stiffness. Patients can also manifest cardiac involvement as palpitations, syncope, exercise intolerance, congestive heart failure, and variable heart rhythm disturbances.1 - 3 The presence and severity of these manifestations can vary according to the individual and the disease's subtypes. 2 Cardiac involvement is the most worrisome feature of this disease, and there are some reports of the need for heart transplantation in this dystrophy. 4
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ABSTRACT Objective: to validate a Technological Rehabilitation Nursing Program for people undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Methods: this is a qualitative study, carried out through a focus group, with 12 nurses, considered experts in the area of rehabilitation. The program was developed using digital technology, such as an application for a mobile device. Experts assessed the program structure, the content made available to people undergoing total knee arthroplasty pre-operatively and post-operatively and the follow-up and communication strategies with nurses. Results: after content validity by experts, the final version of the program integrated three thematic areas and their respective categories: Rehabilitation program (Program phases, Program operationalization, Exercise plans included in the program); Useful information (Preparation for surgery, Care to be taken during surgery recovery); and Communication channel with nurses (Talk to a rehabilitation nurse, Self-assessment of health condition and Help with decision-making). Conclusion: experts' contributions made it possible to achieve the content validity of the program and, consequently, improve patient literacy about the procedure, complication prevention and self-care; training patients to carry out exercise plans in the pre- and post-operative periods; and communication with nurses through application.
RESUMEN Objetivo: validar un Programa Tecnológico de Enfermería de Rehabilitación para personas sometidas a artroplastia total de rodilla. Métodos: estudio cualitativo, realizado a través de un focus group, con 12 enfermeros, considerados expertos en el área de rehabilitación. El programa fue desarrollado utilizando tecnología digital, como una aplicación para un dispositivo móvil. Los expertos evaluaron la estructura del programa, los contenidos puestos a disposición de las personas sometidas a artroplastia total de rodilla en el preoperatorio y postoperatorio, y las estrategias de seguimiento y comunicación con la enfermera. Resultados: luego de la validación de contenido por parte de expertos, la versión final del Programa integró tres áreas temáticas y sus respectivas categorías: Programa de rehabilitación (Fases del programa, Operacionalización del programa, Planes de ejercicio incluidos en el programa); Información útil (Preparación para la cirugía, Cuidados a tener durante la recuperación quirúrgica); y Canal de Comunicación con la Enfermera (Hablar con una enfermera de rehabilitación, Autoevaluación del estado de salud y Ayuda en la toma de decisiones). Conclusión: los aportes de los expertos permitieron lograr la validez de contenido del programa y, en consecuencia, mejorar la alfabetización de los pacientes sobre el procedimiento, la prevención de complicaciones y el autocuidado; entrenar al paciente para que lleve a cabo planes de ejercicios en los períodos pre y postoperatorios; y comunicación con la enfermera a través de la aplicación.
RESUMO Objetivo: validar um Programa de Enfermagem de Reabilitação Tecnológico para pessoas submetidas à artroplastia total do joelho. Métodos: estudo qualitativo, realizado por meio de focus group, com 12 enfermeiros, considerados peritos na área de reabilitação. O Programa foi desenvolvido com recurso de uma tecnologia digital, do tipo aplicativo para dispositivo móvel. Os peritos avaliaram a estrutura do Programa, os conteúdos disponibilizados às pessoas submetidas a artroplastia total do joelho no pré-operatório e pós-operatório e as estratégias de acompanhamento e comunicação com o enfermeiro. Resultados: após a validação de conteúdo pelos peritos, a versão final do Programa integrou três áreas temáticas e suas respectivas categorias: Programa de Reabilitação (Fases do Programa, Operacionalização do Programa, Planos de exercícios incluídos no Programa); Informação Útil (Preparação para a cirurgia, Cuidados a ter durante a recuperação cirúrgica); e Canal Comunicacional com o Enfermeiro (Fale com enfermeiro de reabilitação, Autoavaliação da condição de saúde e Ajuda na tomada de decisão). Conclusão: os contributos dos peritos permitiram alcançar a validade de conteúdo do Programa e, consequentemente, melhorar a literacia do paciente sobre o procedimento, prevenção de complicações e autocuidado; instrumentalização do paciente para a realização dos planos de exercícios nos períodos pré e pós-operatório; e a comunicação com o enfermeiro pelo aplicativo.
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Caring for people with COVID-19 on the front line has psychological impacts for healthcare professionals. Despite the important psychological impacts of the pandemic on nurses, the qualitative evidence on this topic has not been synthesized. Our objective: To analyze and synthesize qualitative studies that investigate the perceptions of nurses about the psychological impacts of treating hospitalized people with COVID-19 on the front line. A systematic review of qualitative studies published in English or Spanish up to March 2021 was carried out in the following databases: The Cochrane Library, Medline (Pubmed), PsycINFO, Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, and CINHAL. The PRISMA statement and the Cochrane recommendations for qualitative evidence synthesis were followed. Results: The main psychological impacts of caring for people with COVID-19 perceived by nurses working on the front line were fear, anxiety, stress, social isolation, depressive symptoms, uncertainty, and frustration. The fear of infecting family members or being infected was the main repercussion perceived by the nurses. Other negative impacts that this review added and that nurses suffer as the COVID-19 pandemic progress were anger, obsessive thoughts, compulsivity, introversion, apprehension, impotence, alteration of space-time perception, somatization, and feeling of betrayal. Resilience was a coping tool used by nurses. Conclusions: Front line care for people with COVID-19 causes fear, anxiety, stress, social isolation, depressive symptoms, uncertainty, frustration, anger, obsessive thoughts, compulsivity, introversion, apprehension, impotence, alteration of space-time perception, somatization, and feeling of betrayal in nurses. It is necessary to provide front line nurses with the necessary support to reduce the psychological impact derived from caring for people with COVID-19, improve training programs for future pandemics, and analyze the long-term impacts.
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COVID-19 , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros , Ansiedade , Transtornos de Ansiedade , Humanos , Masculino , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
Fundamentos: Durante o pós-operatório da cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio (CRM), o repouso prolongado no leito aumenta a possibilidade de ocorrer complicações sistêmicas decorrentes do imobilismo. Objetivo: Verificar o comportamento das variáveis hemodinâmicas e no pico de fluxo expiratório (peack flow) em pacientes idosos, em pós-operatório de CRM submetidos a três tipos diferentes de intervenção fisioterapêutica. Métodos: Estudados 30 idosos estratificados em três grupos: Grupo A - mobilização com cicloergômetro; Grupo B - mobilização sem uso do cicloergômetro, mas com fisioterapia e Grupo C - sem qualquer mobilização, mas com ventilação não invasiva (VNI), sendo analisados o comportamento da frequência cardíaca (FC), frequência respiratória (FR), pressão arterial (PA), saturação periférica de oxigênio (SpO2) e pico de fluxo expiratório (peack flow). Para a variação dos resultados intragrupos, nas fases pré e pós-teste utilizou-se o teste de Wilcoxon; para a comparação intergrupos nas fases pré e pós-teste utilizou-se o teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Considerou-se significância estatística p<0,05.Resultados: Observou-se aumento significativo para os valores peack flow em todos os grupos (pré e pós-teste); redução significativa da PAS no grupo A, aumento da FC e da FR no grupo B (pré e pós-teste). Na análise intergrupos, observou-se redução da PAD no grupo C, com significado estatístico.
Background: During the post-operative phase after coronary artery bypass (CAB) surgery, prolonged bed rest increases the possibility of systemic complications resulting from immobilization. Objective: To ascertain the behavior of peak expiratory flow and hemodynamic variables among elderly patients during the CAB postoperative period undergoing three types of physiotherapy interventions. Methods: Thirty elderly patients were studied, divided into three groups: Group A - mobilization with an ergometric bicycle; Group B - mobilization without an ergometric bicycle but with physiotherapy; and Group C - no mobilization but with non-invasive ventilation, analyzing the heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR), blood pressure (BP), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2)and expiratory peak flow. The Wilcoxon test was used for variations in the intra-group results for the pre- and post-test phases, using the Kruskal-Wallis test for the inter-group comparison of the pre and post-test phases, with a statistical significance of p<0.05.Results: A significant increase was observed in the peak flow values for the three groups (pre- and post-test);with a significant reduction in the systolic blood pressure for group A and higher heart rates and respiration rates in group B. The inter-group analysis presented a statistically significant reduction in the diastolic blood pressure for group C.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/reabilitação , Exercícios Respiratórios/métodos , Pico do Fluxo Expiratório/fisiologia , Revascularização Miocárdica/reabilitação , Circulação Sanguínea/fisiologia , Unidades de Terapia IntensivaRESUMO
This paper examines the competing claims on land use resulting from the expansion of biofuel production. Sugarcane for biofuel drives agrarian change in So Paulo state, which has become the major ethanol-producing region in Brazil. We analyse how the expansion of sugarcane-based ethanol in So Paulo state has impacted dairy and beef production. Historical changes in land use, production technologies, and product and land prices are described, as well as how these are linked to changing policies in Brazil. We argue that sugarcane/biofuel expansion should be understood in the context of the dynamics of other agricultural sectors and the long-term national political economy rather than as solely due to recent global demand for biofuel. This argument is based on a meticulous analysis of changes in three important sectors - sugarcane, dairy farming, and beef production - and the mutual interactions between these sectors.