RESUMO
ABSTRACT Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the most common pathogens causing urinary tract infections in humans and animals. Close contact between humans and companion animals can facilitate the spread of multidrug resistant pathogens between both species. The objective of the research was to characterize extended-spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBL) -producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolated from dogs with urinary tract infections in the metropolitan area of Valle del Aburrá (Antioquia, Colombia). Three-hundred seventy-one urine samples collected from March 2018 to March 2019 in a veterinary clinical laboratory were analyzed. E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates were detected in chromogenic agar and identified by biochemical tests. Susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion and ESBL production was evaluated by the double disk test in all isolates. MIC determination of ESBL-positive isolates were performed on the automated VITEK®2 system. Multiple PCR was used for the detection of CTX-M beta-lactamases (group 1, 2, 9 and 8/25), SHV, TEM, and AmpC of plasmid origin in ESBL-positive isolates. In total 22 out 371 isolates were positive for ESBL production by double disc test, 11 E. coli (ESBL-Ec) and 11 K. pneumoniae (ESBL-Kp). The multiple PCR detected CTX-M group 1 in the 22 ESBL-positive isolates. Multi-drug resistance was observed in all ESBL-producing isolates. In conclusion, a high frequency of antibiotic multi-resistance was found in ESBL-Ec and ESBL-Kp. The main ESBL detected was CTX-M group 1, which also prevails in human isolates.
RESUMEN Escherichia coli y Klebsiella pneumoniae son los patógenos más comunes causantes de infecciones en tracto urinario en humanos y animales. El contacto estrecho con los animales de compañía puede favorecer la diseminación de patógenos multiresistentes entre ambas especies. El objetivo de la investigación fue caracterizar E. coli (Ec -BLEE) y K. pneumo-niae (Kp -BLEE) productores de betalactamasas de espectro extendido provenientes de aislados de caninos con infecciones del tracto urinario del Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá. 371 muestras de orina de caninos colectadas entre marzo de 2018 y marzo 2019 en un laboratorio clínico veterinario fueron analizadas. E. coli y K. pneumoniae se detectaron en agar cromogénico y se identificaron mediante pruebas bioquímicas. La prueba de susceptibilidad se realizó por difusión en disco y la producción de BLEE se evaluó por test de doble disco en todos los aislados. La determinación de la CIM en aislados positivos a BLEE se realizó en el sistema automatizado VITEK®2. Se utilizó PCR múltiple para la detección de betalactamasas tipo CTX-M (grupo 1, 2, 9 y 8/25), SHV, TEM y AmpC de origen plasmídico en aislados positivos a BLEE. Un total de 22 de 371 aislados fueron positivos a BLEE por test de doble disco, 11 E. coli (Ec -BLEE) y 11 K. pneumoniae (Kp-BLEE). La PCR detectó CTX-M grupo 1 en los 22 aislados positivos a BLEE. Se observó multirresistencia en todos los aislamientos productores de BLEE. En conclusión, se encontró una alta frecuencia de multirresistencia en Ec-BLEE y Kp-BLEE. La principal BLEE detectada fue CTX-M grupo 1, que también predomina en aislados humanos.
RESUMO
Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is a rare breast cancer subtype with rapid growth, high rates of metastasis, recurrence and drug resistance, and diverse molecular and histological heterogeneity. Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) provide a translational tool and physiologically relevant system to evaluate tumor biology of rare subtypes. Here, we provide an in-depth comprehensive characterization of a new PDX model for MBC, TU-BcX-4IC. TU-BcX-4IC is a clinically aggressive tumor exhibiting rapid growth in vivo, spontaneous metastases, and elevated levels of cell-free DNA and circulating tumor cell DNA. Relative chemosensitivity of primary cells derived from TU-BcX-4IC was performed using the National Cancer Institute (NCI) oncology drug set, crystal violet staining, and cytotoxic live/dead immunofluorescence stains in adherent and organoid culture conditions. We employed novel spheroid/organoid incubation methods (Pu·MA system) to demonstrate that TU-BcX-4IC is resistant to paclitaxel. An innovative physiologically relevant system using human adipose tissue was used to evaluate presence of cancer stem cell-like populations ex vivo. Tissue decellularization, cryogenic-scanning electron microscopy imaging and rheometry revealed consistent matrix architecture and stiffness were consistent despite serial transplantation. Matrix-associated gene pathways were essentially unchanged with serial passages, as determined by qPCR and RNA sequencing, suggesting utility of decellularized PDXs for in vitro screens. We determined type V collagen to be present throughout all serial passage of TU-BcX-4IC tumor, suggesting it is required for tumor maintenance and is a potential viable target for MBC. In this study we introduce an innovative and translational model system to study cell-matrix interactions in rare cancer types using higher passage PDX tissue.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Modelos Biológicos , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/patologia , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Xenoenxertos , Humanos , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
The epithelium-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important process of cell plasticity, consisting in the loss of epithelial identity and the gain of mesenchymal characteristics through the coordinated activity of a highly regulated informational program. Although it was originally described in the embryonic development, an important body of information supports its role in pathology, mainly in cancerous and fibrotic processes. The purinergic system of inter-cellular communication, mainly based in ATP and adenosine acting throughout their specific receptors, has emerged as a potent regulator of the EMT in several pathological entities. In this context, cellular signaling associated to purines is opening the understanding of a new element in the complex regulatory network of this phenotypical differentiation process. In this review, we have summarized recent information about the role of ATP and adenosine in EMT, as a growing field with high therapeutic potential.
Assuntos
Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/fisiologia , Nucleosídeos/metabolismo , Nucleotídeos/metabolismo , Receptores Purinérgicos/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Animais , Movimento Celular/fisiologiaRESUMO
Se presentan los hallazgos patomorfológicos de colangiocarcinoma hepático (CGC) con efusión peritoneal en un gato doméstico geronte y se relaciona con la sintomatología clínica y los hallazgos anatomopatológicos compatibles con la peritonitis infecciosa felina (PIF). Se atendió en la clínica veterinaria de la Universidad de los Llanos un paciente felino de 8 años de edad, criollo, con aumento de la silueta abdominal y depresión. Clínicamente se encontró deshidratación del 7%, hipotermia (37.2°C), mucosas pálidas, disnea y hepatomegalia. Mediante abdominocentesis se obtuvo un exudado no séptico y un cuadro citológico compatible con CGC con células columnares bajas dispuestas en panal de abeja, presentando anisocariosis, hipercromacia moderada, citoplasmas claros y vacuolados acompañados de un fondo sucio inflamatorio y hemorrágico con detritos celulares. En el análisis radiográfico se observó hepatomegalia con un patrón de punteado característico de formación neoplásica y ascitis. A la necropsia se presentó hemotórax e hidropericardio, ascitis y nódulos neoplásicos blancos duros al corte en el 45% del parénquima hepático y un patrón nodular sobre la superficie visceral del estomago, intestinos delgado, grueso y mesenterio. Las muestras se fijaron en formalina buferada al 10%, se procesaron mediante métodos rutinarios para microscopía óptica. Por histopatología se diagnosticó CGC moderadamente diferenciado con intensa desmoplasia. Citológica e histopatológicamente se evidenció un CGC hepático con efusión peritoneal que se relacionó con la sintomatología clínica y los hallazgos anatomopatológicos compatibles con la PIF.
Path morphological findings are presented regarding hepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CGC) with peritoneal effusion in a elderly domestic cat; its relation with clinical symptoms and pathological findings consistent with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). The veterinary clinic of the Universidad de los Llanos dealt with a feline patient 8 years old, criollo, with increased abdominal silhouette and depression. 7% dehydration, hypothermia (37.2°C), pale mucous membranes, dyspnea and hepatomegaly were determined clinically. A performed abdominocentesis presented nonseptic exudate and a cytological symptom consistent with CGC with low columnar cells arranged in a honeycomb structure, presenting anisokaryosis, moderate hipercromacia, clear cytoplasm and accompanied by a dirty inflammatory and hemorrhagic background with cellular debris. The radiographic analysis showed hepatomegaly with a dotted pattern characteristic of neoplastic and ascite formations. A necropsy showed hemothorax and hydropericardium, ascites and white solid neoplastic nodules in 45% of the liver parenchyma and nodular pattern on the visceral surface of the stomach, small, large and mesentery intestine. Samples were placed in 10% buffered formalin, processed by routine methods for optic microscopy. In relation to histopathology moderately differentiated CGC was diagnosed with intense desmoplasia. A hepatic CGC was evidenced Cytologicly as well as histopathológicly with peritoneal effusion that was associated with clinical symptoms and anatomopathological findings consistent with FIP.
Assuntos
Colangiocarcinoma , Ductos Biliares , Gatos , DesidrataçãoRESUMO
Novel unsymmetrically substituted Zn(II) phthalocyanine bearing an adamantylethoxy group (AZnPc) was synthesized by the ring expansion reaction of boron(III) subphthalocyanine chloride with an appropriated phthalonitrile derivative (APc). Also, APc was used to obtain a new Zn(II) phthalocyanine bearing four adamantylethoxy groups (A(4)ZnPc) by cyclotetramerization reaction. The spectroscopic and photodynamic properties of these photosensitizers were compared with those of a Zn(II) phthalocyanine substituted by four methoxy groups (M(4)ZnPc) in different media. Similar results were obtained in N,N-dimethylformamide. However, a higher photodynamic activity was found for AZnPc in a biomimetic system formed by reverse micelles. This behavior was also observed in the presence of human red blood (HRB) cells, which were used as an in vitro cellular model. Thus, AZnPc was the most effective photosensitizer to produce HRB cells hemolysis. The photodynamic effect produced a decrease in the HRB cells osmotic stability leading to the release of hemoglobin. Studies of photodynamic action mechanism showed that photohemolysis of HRB cells was protected in the presence of azide ion, while the addition of mannitol produced a negligible effect on the cellular photodamage, indicating the intermediacy of O(2)((1)Δ(g)). Therefore, the presence of an adamantyl unit in the phthalocyanine macrocycle represents an interesting molecular architecture for potential phototherapeutic agents.
Assuntos
Complexos de Coordenação/síntese química , Complexos de Coordenação/farmacologia , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Hemólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Indóis/síntese química , Indóis/farmacologia , Luz , Micelas , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/síntese química , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Humanos , Manitol/química , Estrutura Molecular , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Objetivo. Describir y clasificar las enfermedades neoplásicas diagnosticadas en el laboratorio de Patología Veterinaria de la Universidad de los Llanos, desde enero de 2004 hasta junio de 2007. Materiales y métodos. Como fuente de información se utilizó la base de datos de las historias clínicas y de los exámenes de necropsia de la Clínica Veterinaria de la Universidad de los Llanos. Las muestras analizadas procedieron de especímenes obtenidos por biopsias y de tumores hallados durante necropsia. Se analizaron 322 casos clínicos, de los cuales 113 correspondieron a enfermedades neoplásicas (35%). Resultados. En general, la especie más afectada fue la canina (93 de 113 casos), siendo las razas mestizas las más afectadas (p<0.05) y el sistema orgánico más lesionado el cutáneo, con 68 casos (60.2%), seguido de la glándula mamaria con 13 casos (11.5%). Las neoplasias de mayor incidencia fueron carcinoma escamocelular (15 casos), tricoepitelioma (11 casos) y mastocitoma canino III (10 casos). Se observó una relación positiva entre la edad y la presentación de tumores (p<0.01); el sexo no fue un factor determinante para la presentación de la enfermedad (p>0.05). Conclusiones. Los tumores de piel fueron los de mayor incidencia, quizá por la mayor facilidad de diagnóstico durante la consulta clínica, comparados con otras neoplasias que afectan órganos y tejidos más profundos.
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Cães , Cães , Incidência , NeoplasiasRESUMO
Los bloqueos peridurales y facetarios han sido controvertidos por su utilidad en el manejo del dolor en pacientes con patología de columna vertebral, utilizándose actualmente como último recurso. Para el presente trabajo de recolectaron, entre enero de 2005 y enero de 2006, en el Hospital Universitario Clínica San Rafael de Bogotá, 50 pacientes, que según su patología se dividieron en tres grupos. Mientras que al primero, que incluyó 34 pacientes con hernia discal y al segundo, con nueve pacientes con canal lumbar estrecho se les realizó bloqueo peridural, al tercer grupo, con siete pacientes con enfermedad facetaria, se le aplicó bloqueo facetario. Para determinar la utilidad de los bloqueos se evaluó la mejoría del dolor, el regreso a la actividad laboral, la utilización de analgésicos adyuvantes y la necesidad de algún tipo de procedimiento quirúrgico de acuerdo a la patología presentada. El porcentaje de mejoría del dolor para los distintos grupos fue del 71,5% para los pacientes con enfermedad facetaria, del 77,7% para los pacientes con canal lumbar estrecho y del 65% para los pacientes con hernia discal lumbar. El porcentaje de regreso a la actividad laboral en los tres grupos fue similar, con un 85,7% para los pacientes con enfermedad facetaria, 67% para los pacientes con canal lumbar estrecho y 73,5% para los pacientes con hernia discal. La terapia analgésica adyuvante fue requerida por 42,9% de los pacientes con enfermedad facetaria, por el 55,5% de los pacientes con canal lumbar estrecho y por el 29,5% de los pacientes con hernia discal. La cirugía debió realizarse al 11% del grupo con canal estrecho, al 14% del grupo con hernia discal y no se necesitó en ninguno paciente con enfermedad facetaria. Teniendo en cuenta la efectividad de los bloqueos facetarios para aliviar el dolor en pacientes con enfermedad facetaria y de los bloqueos peridurales para los pacientes con canal lumbar estrecho y hernia discal lumbar, con una mejoría del dolor superior al 50% en los tres grupos, con una tasa de regreso al trabajo alta y con una disminución en la necesidad de cirugía, se propone la realización de estos bloqueos, antes de recurrir a procedimientos invasivos...
The usefulness of peridural and facet blocks has been controversial in the management of pain in patients with pathology of the spine, being used only as a last resort. For this work we collected 50 patients between January 2005 and January 2006 at the Hospital Universitario Clínica San Rafael de Bogotá. There were separated in 3 groups based on their pathology. The first group included 34 patients with a herniated disc and the second group 9 patients with a narrow lumbar canal who received epidural block, and the third group with facet disease received a facet block. To determine the result of the blocks, we evaluated the improvement in the pain, the return to laboral activity, the use of adjuvant analgesics and the need for surgical intervention. The pain improvement was 71,5% for those patients with facet disease, 77.7% for those patients with a narrow canal and 65% for those with a herniated disc. The percentage of return to laboral activity was similar in the three groups, 85,7% for patients with facet disease, 67% for patients with a narrow canal and 73,5% for patients with a herniated disc. Adjuvant analgesics were required by 42,9% of the patients with facet disease, 55,5% of the patients with a narrow lumbar canal and 29,5% of the patients with a herniated disc. Surgery was necessary in 11% of the patients with a narrow canal and 14% of the patients with a herniated disc. Patients with facet disease did not require surgery. In view of the efficacy of the blocks above 50% for all of the measured parameters, it is proposed that the blocks should always be attempted prior to the use of more invasive methods...
Os bloqueios peridurais e facetarias foram discutidos por sua utilidade no manejo da dor em pacientes com patologia de coluna vertebral, utilizando-se atualmente como último recurso. Para o presente trabalho de coletaram, entre janeiro de 2005 e janeiro de 2006, no Hospital Universitário Clínica San Rafael de Bogotá, 50 pacientes, que segundo sua patologia se dividiram em três grupos. Enquanto ao primeiro, que incluiu 34 pacientes com hérnia discal e ao segundo, com nove pacientes com canal lombar estreito se lhes realizou bloqueio peridural, ao terceiro grupo, com sete pacientes com doença facetaria, se lhe aplicou bloqueio facetaria. Para determinar a utilidade dos bloqueios se avaliou a melhoria da dor, o regresso à atividade trabalhista, a utilização de analgésicos adjuvantes e a necessidade de algum tipo de procedimento cirúrgico de acordo à patologia apresentada. A percentagem de melhoria da dor para os diferentes grupos foi do 71,5% para os pacientes com doença facetaria, do 77,7% para os pacientes com canal lombar estreito e do 65% para os pacientes com hérnia discal lombar. A percentagem de regresso à atividade trabalhista nos três grupos foi similar, com um 85,7% para os pacientes com doença facetaria, 67% para os pacientes com canal lombar estreito e 73,5% para os pacientes com hérnia discal. A terapia analgésica adjuvante foi requerida por 42,9% dos pacientes com doença facetaria, pelo 55,5% dos pacientes com canal lombar estreito e pelo 29,5% dos pacientes com hérnia discal. A cirurgia deveu realizar-se aos 11% do grupo com canal estreito, ao 14% do grupo com hérnia discal e não se precisou em nenhum paciente com doença facetaria. Tendo em conta a efetividade dos bloqueios facetarias para aliviar a dor em pacientes com doença facetaria e dos bloqueios peridurais para os pacientes com canal lombar estreito e hérnia discal lombar, com uma melhoria da dor superior ao 50% nos três grupos, com uma taxa de regresso ao trabalho alta e com uma diminuição na necessidade de cirurgia, propõe-se a realização destes bloqueios, antes de recorrer a procedimentos invasivos...
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Humanos , Injeções Epidurais , Deslocamento do Disco Intervertebral , Dor Lombar , CiáticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) accounts for 3 to 12% of all epilepsies. In 2004, the GENESS Consortium demonstrated four missense mutations in Myoclonin1/EFHC1 of chromosome 6p12.1 segregating in 20% of Hispanic families with JME. OBJECTIVE: To examine what percentage of consecutive JME clinic cases have mutations in Myoclonin1/EFHC1. METHODS: We screened 44 consecutive patients from Mexico and Honduras and 67 patients from Japan using heteroduplex analysis and direct sequencing. RESULTS: We found five novel mutations in transcripts A and B of Myoclonin1/EFHC1. Two novel heterozygous missense mutations (c.755C>A and c.1523C>G) in transcript A occurred in both a singleton from Mexico and another singleton from Japan. A deletion/frameshift (C.789del.AV264fsx280) in transcript B was present in a mother and daughter from Mexico. A nonsense mutation (c.829C>T) in transcript B segregated in four clinically and seven epileptiform-EEG affected members of a large Honduran family. The same nonsense mutation (c.829C>T) occurred as a de novo mutation in a sporadic case. Finally, we found a three-base deletion (-364--362del.GAT) in the promoter region in a family from Japan. CONCLUSION: Nine percent of consecutive juvenile myoclonic epilepsy cases from Mexico and Honduras clinics and 3% of clinic patients from Japan carry mutations in Myoclonin1/EFCH1. These results represent the highest number and percentage of mutations found for a juvenile myoclonic epilepsy causing gene of any population group.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Ligação ao Cálcio/genética , Saúde da Família , Mutação , Epilepsia Mioclônica Juvenil/genética , Canais de Cloro CLC-2 , Canais de Cloreto/genética , Análise Mutacional de DNA/métodos , Feminino , Genótipo , Honduras/epidemiologia , Humanos , Japão , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Epilepsia Mioclônica Juvenil/epidemiologia , Fenótipo , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Receptores de GABA-A/genéticaRESUMO
The pancreas is an uncommon target for metastases from other primary tumours. We discuss clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of pancreatic metastases through presentation of two surgically treated cases of metastases originating from breast cancer.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/secundário , Carcinoma Lobular/secundário , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/secundário , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Invasividade NeoplásicaRESUMO
Amongst idiopathic generalized epilepsies, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is the most common, accounting for 12% to 30% of all epilepsies in the Western world. Classic JME consists of awakening myoclonias, grand mal convulsions and EEG 4 to 6 Hz polyspike waves that appear in adolescence. Probands and affected family members do not have pyknoleptic 3Hz spike and wave absences. However, in 10 to 30% of patients, rare or spanioleptic polyspike wave absences appear. In 1988,1995,1996,we mapped classic JME to a 7 cM locus in chromosome 6p12 11, called EJM1, using families from Los Angeles and Belize. In 2001,we studied one large family from Belize and 21 new families from Los Angeles and Mexico Cities, aided by a BAC/PAC based physical map and 6 new dinucleotide repeats, to narrow EJM1 to an interval between D6S272 and D6S1573. In 2002, we found myoclonin, the putative gene for typical JME in 6p12. At the congress, we will reveal the identity of the myoclonin gene, its putative function and discuss the significance of this discovery in the JME population at large.