RESUMO
The immunopathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a matter of great controversy and has been suggested to involve a complex balance between cytokines with pro and anti-inflammatory activity. We investigated the expression of inflammatory cells and cytokines in the liver and serum of 51 chronically HCV infected patients and compared them to data from two sets of normal controls: 51 healthy blood donors and 33 liver biopsies of healthy liver donors. We also assessed the relationship between selected cytokines and cell populations in hepatic compartments and the disease stage. Compared with controls, hepatitis C patients had a greater expression of portal TNF-alpha, TGF-beta and CD4(+) and acinar IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-4, as well as a higher serum concentration of IL-2, IL-10 and TGF-beta. Significant positive correlations were found between portal CD4+ and TNF-alpha, portal CD8(+) and TGF-beta, portal CD45(+)RO and TNF-alpha, acinar CD45(+)RO and IFN-gamma and acinar CD57(+) and TGF-beta. In conclusion, we have shown that (i) in this sample of predominantly mild disease, the immune response was associated with a pro-inflammatory response pattern, (ii) CD4(+) T-lymphocytes played a major role in orchestrating the immune response and (iii) these events primarily took place in the portal space.
Assuntos
Citocinas/imunologia , Hepatite C Crônica/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Hepatite C Crônica/patologia , Humanos , Imunidade Celular , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The immunopathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a matter of great controversy and has been suggested to involve a complex balance between cytokines with pro and anti-inflammatory activity. We investigated the expression of inflammatory cells and cytokines in the liver and serum of 51 chronically HCV infected patients and compared them to data from two sets of normal controls: 51 healthy blood donors and 33 liver biopsies of healthy liver donors. We also assessed the relationship between selected cytokines and cell populations in hepatic compartments and the disease stage. Compared with controls, hepatitis C patients had a greater expression of portal TNF-á, TGF-â and CD4+ and acinar IFN-ã, TNF-á, IL-1â and IL-4, as well as a higher serum concentration of IL-2, IL-10 and TGF-â. Significant positive correlations were found between portal CD4+ and TNF-á, portal CD8+ and TGF-â, portal CD45+RO and TNF-á, acinar CD45+RO and IFN-ã and acinar CD57+ and TGF-â. In conclusion, we have shown that (i) in this sample of predominantly mild disease, the immune response was associated with a pro-inflammatory response pattern, (ii) CD4+ T-lymphocytes played a major role in orchestrating the immune response and (iii) these events primarily took place in the portal space.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Citocinas/imunologia , Hepatite C Crônica/imunologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Hepatite C Crônica/patologia , Imunidade Celular , Imuno-Histoquímica , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Lymphocyte proliferation testing (LPT) has some advantages over patch testing to diagnose allergic contact dermatitis. It is harmless, objective and can be used in clinical situations where patch testing is not recommended. Unfortunately, significant success has only been achieved with nickel. There are few studies on chromium LPT and they were performed with different methods, leading to inconsistent results. METHODS: To determine the best parameters for chromium LPT, we tested 20 patients with allergic contact dermatitis to the metal and 20 controls, using various protocols. RESULTS: The best sensitivity and specificity ratios were achieved with 6-day cultures stimulated with a range from 7.5 x 10(-4) to 5 x 10(-3) mol/L of nonfiltered chromium chloride solutions. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy values found within this range were 65%, 95% and 80%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Further investigation is necessary to achieve better sensitivity values.