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RESUMEN Introducción: El craving es un deseo subjetivo por consumir sustancias. Se ha encontrado que el craving es uno de los mejores predictores de recaídas, por lo que resulta importante abordarlo durante el tratamiento para las adicciones. El Programa de Intervención Breve para Adolescentes (PIBA) ha demostrado ser eficaz para reducir el patrón de consumo de drogas, aumentar la autoeficacia para enfrentarse a situaciones de consumo y disminuir los problemas asociados al consumo en adolescentes que se encuentran en escuelas de nivel medio o medio superior, así como en instituciones de atención de adicciones de tipo ambulatorio. Sin embargo, la efectividad de este programa no se ha probado con adolescentes que se encuentran en tratamiento residencial ni para reducir el craving. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del PIBA para reducir el craving y aumentar la autoeficacia de una adolescente que se encontraba en un centro residencial. Método: Se aplicó un diseño de caso único que consistió en la aplicación del tratamiento y el seguimiento a cuatro meses, intencional y no probabilístico con una adolescente de 16 años. Resultados: Se encontró una reducción del craving a lo largo del tratamiento, que se mantuvo durante el seguimiento, así como un aumento en la autoeficacia. Conclusión: Estos hallazgos extienden la eficacia del PIBA a componentes de la adicción y a poblaciones no exploradas antes, sugiriendo que el PIBA puede ser una alternativa para trabajar con estos componentes y poblaciones.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Craving refers to a subjective desire to consume substances. It has been found that craving is one of the best predictors of relapse, so it is important to address it during addiction treatment. The Brief Intervention Program for Adolescents (PIBA) has been shown to be effective in reducing drug consumption patterns, increasing self-efficacy to deal with consumption situations, and reducing problems associated with consumption in adolescents who are in middle or high school schools, as well as in outpatient addiction care institutions. However, the effectiveness of this program has not been tested with adolescents in residential treatment or in reducing craving. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of PIBA in reducing craving and increasing self-efficacy in a female adolescent who was in a residential center. Method: A single-case design was applied, consisting of the treatment and a follow-up at four months, intentional and non-probabilistic, with a 16-year-old female adolescent. Result: A reduction in craving was found throughout the treatment and maintained during the follow-up, as well as an increase in self-efficacy. Conclusion: These findings extend the effectiveness of PIBA to addiction components and populations not previously explored, suggesting that PIBA may be an alternative to work with these components and populations.
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Introduction: In the Aguascalientes, most people who seek treatment go to non-governmental residential centers, and about half request treatment for meth use. Although some barriers to treatment seeking among these users are known, few studies have been conducted with the Mexican population, specifically with users of residential centers. The aim of this study was to explore the main barriers reported by these patients, the relationship between reported barriers and meth use, as well as identify possible user profiles based on the barriers and the pattern of consumption. Methods: We designed a brief survey that evaluated sociodemographic data, consumption pattern, help-seeking for consumption and use of services, barriers in the search for services, depression, and suicide attempts. Here, we report the results of barriers and consumption patterns. The study sample consisted of 865 individuals receiving treatment for meth use in 23 certified residential centers. Results: Patients reported an average of 2.12 barriers, the main ones being not considering the services useful for them (41.6%), not considering it important to attend (35%), and not finding time to attend the consultation (29.8%). We found a statistically significant relationship, although weak, between the number of barriers reported by participants and the age of onset of meth use, dangerous perception of meth use, attempts to quit, and the number of problems associated with use. We used a cluster analysis that was performed using the k-means machine learning algorithm, which revealed two clusters. The first was formed by patients who started using meth at a young age which has more problems associated with meth use and more barriers in seeking services, while the other was formed by patients who started at an older age which have fewer problems and fewer barriers. We found statistical differences between groups, where it was found that young group reported consuming more substances, more problems associated, and more barriers in seeking services. Discussions: This study revealed the main barriers to seeking treatment among patients in residential centers and found that the age of onset of meth use is a risk factor for presenting more barriers and more problems associated with consumption.
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PURPOSE: Epidemiological studies show that depressive and substance use disorders are salient risk factors for suicidal behavior. In residential centers in Mexico City, 75.72% of the patients are diagnosed with comorbidity of substance use and psychiatric disorders; however, the specific prevalence of depression and suicidal behavior in this population has not been reported. This study aims to inform the comorbidity of depression and suicidal behavior in crystal users in residential centers in the state of Aguascalientes, Mexico. METHOD: A brief survey was applied to measure substance use patterns, suicidal behavior, and depression symptoms using the Depression Scale of the Center of Epidemiological Studies (CES-D-R). The sample included 343 participants. RESULTS: The results show that of the 23.3% of participants who reported depressive symptoms, 65% showed suicidal ideation, 46% suicide planning, and 43% suicidal attempt. DISCUSSIONS: These results show the importance of implementing components that address depression and suicidal behavior in interventions for substance use. CONCLUSIONS: Currently, no specialized interventions are developed to treat substance use disorders with crystal methamphetamine and, at the same time, treat others mental problems like depression and suicidal behavior. We conclude that the development of this intervention is necessary and urgent.