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Resumen Introducción: El 50% de los tumores de pared torácica son malignos, dentro de los que destaca el plasmocitoma de costilla. Objetivo: Presentar un caso clínico que debutó inicialmente como un plasmocitoma de costilla, y que terminó presentándose como mieloma múltiple. Materiales y Método: Registro clínico de un paciente sometido a resección de tumor de parrilla costal. Resultados: Paciente masculino de 58 años, con un año de dolor costal, asociado a aumento de volumen a nivel de la octava costilla derecha en línea media axilar, indurada. TC de tórax que demuestra imagen sugerente de plasmocitoma de 79 × 44 mm. Se realiza resección quirúrgica, con instalación de malla de prolene en el defecto. Biopsia diferida con compromiso neoplásico por lesión monoclonal de células plasmáticas. Se complementa estudio con biopsia de médula ósea confirmando mieloma múltiple. Se inicia tratamiento con quimioterapia adyuvante. Conclusiones: El plasmocitoma óseo solitario es una entidad de baja frecuencia, que se asocia a la presencia de mieloma múltiple. Es por esto que al momento de la sospecha se hace necesario descartar su presencia, con el fin de mejorar el pronóstico del paciente.

Introduction: Up to 50% of chest wall tumors are malignant; among which rib plasmocytoma stand out. Aim: Showcase a clinical case that debuted as a rib plasmacytoma, and that ended up presenting as Multiple Myeloma. Materials and Method: Records of a patient with resection of chest wall tumor. Results: Male patient of 58 years, with one year of costal pain, associated with an indurated increase in volume at the level of the eighth right rib in the mid-axillary line. Chest CT scan demonstrated a suggestive image of plasmacytoma of 79 × 44 mm. Surgical resection was performed, with prolene mesh installation in the defect. Biopsy showed neoplastic compromise due to monoclonal lesion of plasma cells. Study is complemented with bone marrow biopsy confirming multiple myeloma. The patient was treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusions: Solitary bone plasmacytoma is a low frequency entity, which is associated with the presence of multiple myeloma. At the moment of suspicion, it is necessary to rule out their presence, in order to improve the patient's prognosis.

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Background: Rosai Dorfman disease is uncommon and consists in a benign fibrous and hematopoietic tissue proliferation, usually located in the head or neck. It is self-limited and the treatment is the surgical excision of the lesion. Case Report: We report a 69 years old woman consulting for a palpable right breast nodule with a mammography and mammary ultrasound informed as BIRADS 4 and 5, respectively. A core biopsy was informed as a mammary Rosai Dorfman disease. Two years later, due to a lesion growth, the patient was subjected to a partial mastectomy. The pathological study of the surgical piece confirmed the diagnosis of the core biopsy. This disease may resemble a malignant disease and the clue for its diagnosis is the pathological study.

Introducción: La enfermedad de Rosai Dorfman es una entidad infrecuente, que consiste en la proliferación benigna del tejido fibroso y hematopoyético ubicado generalmente en cabeza y cuello. Se trata de una enfermedad benigna, autolimitada, cuyo tratamiento generalmente se limita a la resección quirúrgica, con elevada tasa de recidiva. Objetivo: Exposición de un caso de Enfermedad de Rosai Dorfman mamario, inicial-mente sugerente de patología maligna. caso clínico: Mujer 69 años derivada de atención primaria por nódulo palpable en mama derecha, mamografía y ecografía mamaria BIRADS 4 y 5, respectivamente. Biopsia Core informa Enfermedad de Rosai Dorfman mamaria. A los dos años de diagnóstico se objetiva lesión de mayor tamaño. Se realizó mastectomía parcial con biopsia de pieza quirúrgica compatible con diagnóstico de Biopsia Core previa. Discusión: La similitud clínica de esta enfermedad con patologías malignas mamarias, asociado a su baja prevalencia, dificultan la pesquisa de casos como el expuesto. En los estudios de imágenes raramente se sospecha. La clave del diagnóstico son los hallazgos histológicos en el que característicamente se observa emperipolesis con tinciones inmunohistoquímicas positivas para S 100 y negativo para CD 1. Dado que es una enfermedad benigna y autolimitada su tratamiento generalmente se limita a la resección quirúrgica. Este permite extirpar el tumor en estudio, realizar el diagnóstico, y aliviar la sintomatología producida por el efecto masa de la lesión. A pesar de lo anterior la recidiva es alta, por lo que el seguimiento debe ser a largo plazo.

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Introducción: Los hamartomas y la hiperplasia estromal pseudoangiomatosa nodular (PASH) son entidades infrecuentes en la patología tumoral mamaria, sin embargo, pueden simular al cáncer de mama. La única herramienta certera preoperatoria es la biopsia. El tratamiento quirúrgico es curativo con bajo índice de recurrencia. Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo es exponer un caso de hamartoma mamario con PASH asociado cuya presentación inicial fue sugerente de probable patología maligna. Caso Clínico: Mujer de 44 años, ingresa a controles por probable patología mamaria maligna, la mamografía fue informada como BIRADS 0, la ecografía mamaria como BIRADS US: 5, la biopsia CORE informó PASH. Se realizó mastectomía parcial objetivando en la biopsia diferida un hamartoma mamario con extensa hiperplasia estromal pseudoangiomatosa. Discusión: Los hamartomas y la PASH son patologías sin presentación clínica específica, los hallazgos radiológicos del hamartoma pueden ser patognomónicos, no así en la PASH; en el caso expuesto el estudio anatomopatológico demostró una asociación de estas patologías, la cual se describe desde un 16 por ciento a un 71 por ciento de los casos de hamartoma mamario. El análisis de toda la pieza quirúrgica es fundamental para establecer un diagnóstico definitivo.

Introduction: Hamartoma and nodular pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) are inusual breast tumor entities, however, can simulate breast cancer. The only accurate tool is preoperative biopsy. Surgical treatment is curative with low recurrence rate. Objective: To present a case of mammary hamartoma associated with PASH whose initial presentation was suggestive of probable malignancy. Case Report: Woman, 44 years old, admitted to controls because of probable malignant breast disease, mammography was reported as BIRADS 0, breast ultrasound as BIRADS U.S: 5, CORE biopsy reported PASH. Partial mastectomy was performed. On delayed biopsy mammary hamartoma with extensive stromal hyperplasia pseudoangiomatosa was diagnosed. Discussion: PASH and hamartomas are diseases with no specific clinical presentation, radiological findings may be pathognomonic of hamartoma, while not in PASH. In the reported case the pathological study showed an association of these conditions, described in a 16% to 71% breast hamartoma cases. The analysis of the entire surgical specimen is essential for a definitive diagnosis.

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The aim of this study was to develop a simple method for quantifying plasma levels of sildenafil and its metabolite by liquid chromatography with a C18 reverse-phase column and UV detection. For both compounds, linearity was assessed in the range from 10 and 1 000 ng · ml-1 and had correlation coefficients of r=0.995 and r=0.997 for sildenafil and its metabolite, respectively. The inter- and intra-day coefficients of variation was<5.3%. The limits of detection and quantification were 1 and 10 ng · ml-1. Drug levels were determined satisfactorily in two patients. A simple and reliable method was developed for use in children with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension under treatment with sildenafil.

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PURPOSE: The aim was to prepare and evaluate unitary doses of propafenone (UDP) used in children with supraventricular tachycardia. METHODS: UDP were prepared from four brands of tablets at doses of propafenone, 11, 25 and 90 mg, used in the Cardiology Service of this Institute. The stability of doses was determined at 20±5°C and 40°C for up to day 30. Besides, a weight variation test was performed. Plasma levels of propafenone were determined at steady state in 3 children diagnosed with supraventricular tachycardia under treatment with UDP. Concentrations of drug in blood were measured using a high pressure liquid chromatography method, previously validated. RESULTS: The stability of UDP, showed no significant statistical differences (p > 0.05) between doses or brands up to day 30, at both temperatures. The coefficient of variation from the weight variation was less than 6%. The plasma levels of propafenone at steady state were: patient 1, 31.57 ng/ml; patient 2, 226.46 ng/ml; and patient 3, 221.29 ng/ml. CONCLUSIONS: The actual administered dose for the patients could vary up to 6%, and doses prepared from different brands of tablets remain stables for up to day 30 at both temperatures. UDP is a temporal, safe and alternative option when pediatrics formulation of this drug is lacking.

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UNLABELLED: The effect of nicotine on membrane alterations and fluidity changes in very young models remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nicotine on total ATPase, H(2)O(2) and calcium in brain of young rats in the presence of oligoelements. Male Wistar rats (weight 80 g) received intraperitoneally either a single dose or repeated doses for 4 days as follows: Group 1 (control) NaCl 0.9%; group 2 nicotine (1mg/kg); group 3 oligoelements (50 µl); and group 4 nicotine (1mg/kg) + oligoelements (50 µl). The brain regions (cortex, hemispheres and cerebellum + medulla oblongata) of each rat were then obtained to measure the concentrations of total ATPase, H(2)O(2) and calcium using spectrophotometric methods. RESULTS: Total ATPase increased significantly (p < 0.05) in groups treated with oligoelements in repeated doses in hemisphere region, and in groups that received oligoelements + nicotine in single or repeated doses in medulla oblongata. Catalase showed significant decreased in cerebellum/medulla oblongata. Results suggest that nicotine induces changes in membrane fluidity in brain of young rats, and that ATPase could be a biomarker of nicotine consumption in young subjects.

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Hypothyroidism is a systemic disease resulting from either thyroid gland's anatomical and functional absence or lack of hypophyseal stimulation, both of which can lead to deficiency in thyroid hormone (TH) production. TH is essential for human and animal development, growth, and function of multiple organs. Children with deficient TH can develop alterations in central nervous system (CNS), striated muscle, bone tissue, liver, bone marrow, and cardiorespiratory system. Among the clinical outlook are signs like breathing difficulty, cardiac insufficiency, dysphagia, and repeated bronchial aspiration, constipation, muscle weakness, cognitive alterations, cochlear dysfunction, reduced height, defects in temperature regulation, anaemia, jaundice, susceptibility to infection, and others. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that TH is very essential for normal brain development. Other research work based on mice pointed out that a reduced level of TH in pregnant mother leads to congenital hypothyroidism in animal models and it is associated with mental retardation, deep neurologic deficiency that impacts on cognitive, learning, and memory functions. The principal experimental model studies that have focused on hypothyroidism are reviewed in this study. This is important on considering the fact that almost all animal species require thyroid hormones for their metabolism.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of orlistat, a drug used in weight loss, on 5-HT and indicators of oxidative stress in rat brain. Orlistat, 12 mg/kg was administered to Wistar rats as single dose or successive doses on 3 consecutive days. Blood glucose and oxidative stress indicators were detected by measurement of lipid peroxidation, Na+, K+ ATPase, glutathione and serotonin levels using previous validated methods. The levels of glucose decreased in rats receiving successive doses. The activity of Na+, K+ ATPase and total ATPase was reduced in rats receiving successive doses, while the level of lipid peroxidation increased slightly in both groups. Glutathione underwent significant reduction in the successive doses group (p < 0.05). 5-HT increased significantly after single dose treatment (p < 0.05). Orlistat can induce pro-oxidant effects in the brain due to alteration of serotonergic metabolism and the reduction of glutathione.

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Some drugs that are clinically used in weight control, like sibutramine, act on the serotonergic metabolism, but its relation with free radical (FR) production in the CNS is still unknown. The aim of the work was to evaluate the effect of sibutramine on FR production. Female and male Wistar rats (250 g weight) were used; the animals received sibutramine (10 mg/kg each 36 hours) intraperitoneally during 15 days. At the end of the study, the rats were sacrificed and their brains used to measure lipid peroxidation (TBARS), Na+, K+ ATPase activity, reduced glutathione (GSH), and tryptophan (TRP) levels, by means of validated methods. The activity of Na+, K+ATPase and total ATPase was increased in males and decreased in females. GSH concentration was increased and the levels of TBARS decreased by an effect related to sibutramine in the female group. Sibutramine decreased TRP concentration in the female group, but increased it in the male one, with respect to the control group. Our results suggest that sibutramine produce an antioxidant effect stimulated by the endogenously produced tryptophan and it protects the fluidity of plasma membrane in rat brain.

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UNLABELLED: The aim is to evaluate the liver damage due to an experimental animal model based in the temporal obstruction of biliar extrahepatic duct and determine the relation between obstruction and severity of damage through time. METHODS: We used 20 adults male mice going from 25 to 35 g weight, previous to general anesthesia, a surgical incision was applied and biliar duct were localized and tied using linen cloth. Six animals were sacrificed each time at 1, 7 and 15 days of treatment, the hepatic, lung, kidney, hearth and brain were obtained for histopatologic analysis using optic microscope. RESULTS: In the first day 20% of hepatic samples, light lesions as sinusoidal congestion and dilation of portal vessel with hepatocelular biliar stasis were found. In 7th day additional lesions were found as accumulations of biliar pigments in the cholangiols, proliferation of portal collagens and light pericholangiolar proliferation in 60% of samples. At 15th day, severely lesions as hamartomatous proliferation of cholangiols and portal fibrosis of biliar ducts that deformed the boundary plaque and lobular in 15% of samples. In brain, hearth, and lung samples showed vascular dilation and severe congestion, except at 15th day, when samples of kidneys showed biliar pigment precipitation in lumen of collets ducts. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed method is useful to study the chronologic relationship of anatomophatologic damage produced by biliar obstruction.

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