RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) is one of the four major types of EB caused by genetic variants in the genes coding the proteins of the lamina lucida. All patients with this major type of EB present syndromic hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta (AI), with either a pits and fissures or generalized hypoplastic phenotype. Severe forms of AI are associated with compromised oral health-related quality of life (QoL) mostly due to poor dental aesthetics, dentofacial anomalies, and oral pain. AIM: To present the comprehensive dental treatment of a patient with JEB and AI from the age of 20 months until the age of 18 years, including complex orthodontics and digital oral rehabilitation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A male patient with intermediate JEB (homozygous c.3228+1G>A LAMB3 variant) has been under the care of the special care dentistry clinic of the University of Chile since the age of 20 months. His complex dental needs include structural enamel abnormalities in primary and permanent dentition (hypoplastic generalized AI), severe dental crowding with maxillary compression, Class III skeletal pattern, agenesia (#45), and gingivitis. RESULTS: Pediatric dental care included oral hygiene education and preventive strategies (prophylaxis and fluoride applications), maintaining the dentition free of caries. Due to AI, severe tooth sensitivity hindered proper oral hygiene and required early rehabilitation with temporary polycarbonate and metallic crowns. At the age of 16, the patient began orthodontic treatment. A maxillary expansion was performed with two consecutive mini-implant assisted rapid palate expansion (MARPE) bonded to four mini-implants in the palate. After finishing orthodontic treatment metallic multibrackets (duration 19 months), a definitive oral rehabilitation based on digital smile design with feldspathic crowns of all anterior teeth and premolars was performed. CONCLUSION: Patients with severe generalized hypoplastic syndromic AI associated with JEB benefit from long-term preventive oral care. Complex orthodontic techniques, such as MARPE, and multibrackets can be successfully. Digital smile design provides a definitive oral rehabilitation technique improving oral function, aesthetics, and QoL.

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by skin fragility and blister formation. The phenotypic presentation is broad with four major types, being Recessive Dystrophic EB (RDEB) the most severe, including oral anomalies such as severe microstomia, ankyloglossia, vestibule obliteration and occlusal anomalies, turning orthodontic treatment into a challenge. AIM: This case report aims to present the comprehensive treatment of a patient with severe RDEB, including periodontal surgery, orthodontic fixed braces with mini-screws and oral rehabilitation with anterior veneers. CASE REPORT: A 27-year-old female patient with severe RDEB received orthodontic treatment in the upper jaw to improve malalignment and anterior crossbite. After 13 months of treatment with fixed appliances, miniscrews were placed in the anterior segment to intrude and procline the upper incisors. Oral surgery was performed to increase the vestibule depth of the upper lip. Once edge-to-edge occlusion was obtained, anterior veneers were placed to improve aesthetic and stabilize occlusion, especially with the lack of posterior support. DISCUSSION: The multidisciplinary treatment approach, involving orthodontic treatment, periodontal surgery and oral rehabilitation, played a crucial role in achieving favorable results. This case highlights the successful use of miniscrews as a viable orthodontic approach for patients with severe RDEB.

RESUMO

Resumen: El aneurisma gigante de la arteria subclavia asociado a un síndrome de vena cava superior se presenta de forma poco frecuente. La complejidad del abordaje dependerá del tamaño, forma y disposición del aneurisma, particularmente cuando el colapso de la vía aérea es potencial por un efecto compresivo de la masa mediastinal durante la aplicación del relajante neuromuscular. Presentamos el caso de un hombre de 57 años con disnea en decúbito dorsal que incrementa con el decúbito lateral izquierdo de cinco años de evolución. El estudio radiológico reporta masa mediastinal gigante compatible con aneurisma de la arteria subclavia derecha que causa compresión y desplazamiento de la vía aérea, particularmente en tráquea a nivel de la carina. El paciente es programado para resección del aneurisma y requiere de intubación selectiva para el aislamiento del pulmón derecho durante la cirugía, que fue realizada con la técnica de paciente despierto usando sedoanalgesia con ketodex. El objetivo del caso es compartir la experiencia con el uso de ketodex como una alternativa para la tolerancia de procedimientos que requieren de la cooperación del paciente, en donde el propofol y el relajante neuromuscular pueden ser un problema para la permeabilidad y el abordaje de la vía aérea.

Abstract: A giant subclavian artery aneurysm associated with superior vena cava syndrome occurs infrequently. Complexity of the approach will depend on the size, shape, and position of the aneurysm, particularly when a potential collapse of the airway is expected due to the compressive effect of the mediastinal mass after using neuromuscular relaxant for airway approach. We present a case in a 57-year-old male with shortness of breath in dorsal that increases with left lateral decubitus during five years of evolution. Radiological studies reported giant mediastinal mass compatible with an aneurysm of the right subclavian artery, which produces critical compression and airway displacement, particularly in trachea at level of the carina. The patient is scheduled for resection of the aneurysm and requires selective intubation for isolation of the right lung during surgery which was performed with the awake patient technique using sedoanalgesia with ketodex. The objective of the case is to share the experience using ketodex as an alternative for the tolerance of procedures that requires the cooperation of the patient where propofol and neuromuscular relaxant may be a problem for airway permeability and approach.

RESUMO

Abstract: Introduction: Depressive symptoms are common in elderly surgical patients and are associated with negative outcomes. Although medication can relieve symptoms, only 50% of patients achieve remission using conventional treatments. Recently, ketamine has been shown to improve depression rapidly. However, its use and tolerability in elderly patients has not been widely studied. Material and methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, comparative study in patients aged 60 and over who required ophthalmological surgery. Experimental group received 0.5 mg/kg ketamine, whereas the control group received NaCl solution at 0.9%. Both groups received a standardized regimen of conscious sedation. Depressive symptom severity was assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (GDS-SF) before and after exposure to ketamine infusion; tolerability was also evaluated. A repeated univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) model examined the direction of changes in depressive symptom severity among groups. Results: 90 patients were randomized. A significant reduction in symptom severity was observed after ketamine infusion (mean change from baseline: -1.6 vs -0.3 in the control group; p = 0.003). No differences emerged between groups in the presence of adverse effects with ketamine infusion. Conclusions: A single infusion of ketamine in elderly patients undergoing ophthalmological surgery is associated with improved depressive symptoms in the first 24 hours of exposure to the drug with a good tolerability profile.

Resumen: Introducción: Los síntomas depresivos son comunes en pacientes quirúrgicos de edad avanzada y se asocian con resultados negativos. Aunque la medicación pueda aliviar los síntomas, sólo el 50% de los pacientes que están envejeciendo alcanzan la remisión usando tratamientos convencionales. Se ha demostrado que la ketamina mejora rápidamente la depresión, sin embargo, su uso y tolerabilidad en pacientes mayores no ha sido estudiada ampliamente. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio aleatorizado, doble ciego, comparativo en pacientes de 60 años o más que requirieron cirugía oftalmológica. Un grupo experimental recibió 0.5 mg/kg de ketamina, mientras que el grupo control recibió solución de NaCl al 0.9%. Ambos grupos recibieron un régimen estandarizado de sedación consciente. La severidad de los síntomas depresivos fue evaluada usando la versión acortada de la escala de depresión geriátrica (GDS-SF) antes y después de la exposición a la infusión de la ketamina, la tolerabilidad también fue evaluada. Un modelo de análisis de varianza univariada de medidas repetidas (ANOVA) examinó la dirección de los cambios en la gravedad de los síntomas depresivos entre los grupos. Resultados: 90 pacientes fueron aleatorizados. Se observó, una reducción significativa en la severidad de los síntomas después de la infusión de la ketamina (cambio de la media desde el valor basal: -1.6 versus -0.3 en el grupo de control; p = 0.003). No surgieron diferencias entre los grupos en la presencia de efectos adversos con la infusión de ketamina. Conclusiones: Una sola infusión de ketamina en pacientes geriátricos sometidos a cirugía oftalmológica se asocia con la mejoría de síntomas depresivos en las primeras 24 horas de exposición al fármaco con un buen perfil de tolerabilidad.

RESUMO

Resumen: Introducción: Las complicaciones postquirúrgicas han sido causa importante de muerte. Por lo tanto, el uso de predictores sencillos de mortalidad con una nueva escala llamada SASA podría indicar un riesgo postoperatorio de mortalidad a los 30 días aplicado en una muestra en población mexicana. Material y métodos: Exploramos una asociación entre la clasificación de estado físico de la Sociedad Americana de Anestesiólogos (ASA-PS), el Apgar quirúrgico (sAs) y la puntuación de SASA con un análisis univariado en 371 pacientes estimando la relación de probabilidades (OR) y graficando las curvas de operación característica del receptor (receiver-operating-characteristic [ROC]) para cada escala. Resultados: Obtuvimos los valores de dos; [sensibilidad; 81.82% (IC del 95%: 48.2-97.72), especificidad; 40.56% (IC del 95%: 35.44-45.83)], 6; [sensibilidad; 81.82% (IC del 95 %: 48.2-97.72), especificidad; 77.5% (IC del 95%: 72.83-81.71)] y 10; [sensibilidad; 81.82% (IC del 95%: 48.2-97.72), especificidad; 83.6% (IC del 95%: 78.77-86.78)] como los mejores puntos de corte para el ASA-PS, sAs y SASA respectivamente. Conclusiones: el cálculo de SASA obtuvo la misma sensibilidad, pero mejor especificidad y área bajo la curva cuando se comparó con el ASA-PS y el sAs.

Abstract: Introduction: Post-surgical complications have been a significant cause of death. Therefore, the use of easy preoperative mortality predictors is recommended. A new SASA score could indicate a perioperative risk more globally at 30-days of the postoperative period applied in a Mexican sample. Material and methods: 371 patients were analyzed. We explore an association between the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification (ASA-PS), the surgical Apgar score (sAs), and the new SASA score to assess 30-days mortality after surgery using univariate analysis to estimate the odds ratio (OR). Receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted for each scale. Results: We obtained values of two; [sensitivity; 81.82% (95% CI: 48.2-97.72), specificity; 40.56% (95% CI: 35.44-45.83)] 6; [sensitivity; 81.82% (95% CI: 48.2-97.72), specificity; 77.5% (95% CI: 72.83-81.71)] and 10; [sensitivity; 81.82% (95% CI: 48.2-97.72), specificity; 83.6% (95% CI: 78.77-86.78)] as the best cut-off points for ASA-PS, sAs and SASA respectively. Conclusions: To predict postoperative 30-days mortality, SASA calculation as a new score obtained the same sensitivity but better specificity and area under the curve (AUC) for the ROC compared with the ASA-PS and the sAs.

RESUMO

Resumen: Introducción: Existe discrepancia para la extubación temprana de los pacientes sometidos a reemplazo valvular aórtico por estenosis, debido a su tendencia a desarrollar hipertensión postoperatoria que puede condicionar un fracaso del tratamiento quirúrgico. Objetivo: Comparar la incidencia de reintubación postoperatoria por hipertensión arterial en pacientes sometidos a reemplazo valvular aórtico con la técnica de extubación estándar vs ultra fast-track. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohortes retrospectivo, incluyó a 73 pacientes sometidos a reemplazo valvular aórtico, se asignaron a dos grupos dependiendo de la técnica de extubación: estándar (grupo I) y ultra fast-track (grupo II). Se evaluó la presencia de hipertensión arterial y de reintubación postoperatoria. El análisis de variables se realizó con χ2. Una p < 0.05 fue significativa. El procesamiento se realizó con el software SPSS v-24.0. Resultados: Cuarenta y cinco pacientes pertenecían al grupo I y 28 al grupo II. La incidencia de hipertensión arterial y de reintubación fue mayor para el grupo II (p = 0.027), no hubo diferencias en cuanto a la morbilidad (p = 0.348), mortalidad (p = 0.202) y días de estancia postoperatoria (p = 0.182). Conclusión: La incidencia de reintubación postoperatoria por hipertensión arterial en pacientes sometidos a reemplazo valvular aórtico con la técnica ultra fast-track es mayor que con la extubación estándar en nuestra unidad hospitalaria.

Abstract: Introduction: There is controversy about the use of early extubation in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement due to stenosis, given their tendency to develop postoperative hypertension, which could defeat the whole purpose of the surgical intervention. Objective: To compare the incidence of postoperative reintubation for hypertension in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement using the standard extubation technique and the ultra fast-track. Material and methods: A retrospective cohort study that included 73 cases of patients undergoing aortic valve replacement. The patients were divided into two according to the extubation technique used: standard (group I) and ultra fast-track (group II). The presence of hypertension and postoperative reintubation was evaluated. The analysis of variables was performed using the χ2 test. A p < 0.05 was considered significant. The data were processed using SPSS v. 24.0. Results: 45 patients were in group I and 28 in group II. The incidence of hypertension and reintubation was higher in group II (p = 0.027). There were no differences in morbidity (p = 0.348), mortality (p = 0.202) and length of postoperative stay (p = 0.182). Conclusion: In our hospital unit, the incidence of postoperative reintubation for hypertension in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement with the ultra fast-track technique is higher than with standard extubation.

RESUMO

Resumen: Introducción: El dolor posterior a la nefrectomía abierta en donadores renales trasciende en la recuperación plena de las actividades de la vida diaria y expone un impacto económico en las instituciones de salud. Objetivo: Describir el costo de la analgesia protocolizada durante el período postoperatorio inmediato del paciente donante renal. Material y métodos: Realizamos un ensayo clínico controlado, aleatorizado, no ciego que comparó dos tratamientos analgésicos diferentes: uno protocolizado versus la analgesia convencional mediante un modelo de análisis de costos desde la perspectiva institucional. Resultados: En promedio, la analgesia protocolizada obtuvo un costo mayor con 53.25 US$ (52.34-53.79) versus el tratamiento analgésico convencional con 18.84 US$ (4.55-19.34), U = -6.0, p < 0.001. Sin embargo, 89.2% de los pacientes con analgesia protocolizada calificó como excelente esta intervención a diferencia de 41.2% de los pacientes que recibieron el tratamiento analgésico convencional, χ2 = 18.78; p < 0.001. Del mismo modo, los pacientes con analgesia protocolizada estuvieron más satisfechos reportando una mediana: (Me) = 10; (Percentil25 = 10 - Percentil75 = 10) en comparación con el otro tratamiento: Me = 8; (Percentil25 = 8 - Percentil75 = 9) (U = -5.9, p < 0.001). Conclusiones: En pacientes sometidos a nefrectomía abierta para donación renal, el uso de analgesia protocolizada con catéter epidural demostró una diferencia clínica y estadísticamente significativa con respecto a los reportes de dolor, eficacia y un mayor grado de satisfacción, aunque no disminuyó los costos de la atención analgésica durante el postoperatorio inmediato.

Abstract: Introduction: Pain in renal donors after open nephrectomy, transcends in full recovery of activities in daily life and exposes an economic impact in health institutions. Objective: To describe the costs of protocolized analgesia during the immediate postoperative period of renal donor patient. Material and methods: We conducted a longitudinal, randomized, non-blinded clinical trial which compared two different analgesic treatments: one protocolized versus conventional analgesia through a cost analysis model from the Institutional Social Security perspective. Results: In average, protocolized analgesia obtained a higher cost with 53.25 US$ (52.34-53.79) opposed to the conventional analgesia treatment with 18.84 US$ (4.55-19.34); U = -6.0, p < 0.001. However, 89.2% of the patients in protocolized analgesia qualified this intervention as excellent compared to the conventional treatment with only 41.2%, χ2 = 18.78; p < 0.001. Similarly, patients in protocolized analgesia were more satisfied with a reported median (Me) = 10; (25th percentile = 10-75th percentile = 10) compared to those who received conventional treatment, Me = 8; (25th percentile = 8-75th percentile = 9) (U = -5.9, p < 0.001). Conclusions. The use of Protocolized Analgesia with epidural catheter showed a clinical and statistically significant difference concerning to pain, efficacy and a greater satisfaction report in patients undergoing open nephrectomy for renal donation, although does not decrease the costs of analgesic care during immediate postoperative period.

RESUMO

Resumen: En los 80 surgieron los Servicios de Dolor Agudo (SDA), con el objetivo de disminuir la intensidad del dolor postoperatorio y sus complicaciones; estos servicios son responsables de los protocolos analgésicos de los pacientes, algunos SDA extienden la atención a otros tipos de dolor agudo. La educación y capacitación continua del paciente y todo el personal involucrado con el manejo del dolor fortalecen los resultados en el ámbito de la seguridad y eficacia. La fármaco-economía favorece la implementación de los SDA, los cuales no son factibles si no se cuenta con los recursos necesarios. La gestión de los Servicios de Dolor Agudo es posible en México.

Abstract: In the 80 the acute pain services (APS) were created with the objective of decreasing the intensity of postoperative pain and related complications, responsible for analgesic protocols for patient. Some APS extend their attention to other types of acute pain as well. Education and continuous training for the patient and all personnel involved in the handling of pain brings better results in safety and efficiency. Pharmacoeconomics encourage APS implementation which means investing in the required resources for its success. Acute pain service management is achievable in Mexico.

RESUMO

Resumen: El envejecimiento acelerado de la población representa un reto importante para el sector salud. En México, la pirámide poblacional tiene la proyección de modificarse hacia el año 2050 y el cambio ya ha comenzado. Las estimaciones del Consejo Nacional de Población indican que, para el año 2040, una de cada cuatro personas que vivan en nuestro país será mayor de 60 años. Además de la longevidad, los servicios quirúrgicos también se van incrementando y, en consecuencia, es necesario implementar esquemas de analgesia ajustados a este grupo etario que envejece. El siguiente escrito pretende resumir los cambios que ocurren con la edad y presenta los diversos grupos analgésicos y su indicación acordes a los niveles de evidencia de la National Health and Medical Research Council designation (NHMRC, 1999).

Abstract: The accelerated ageing of the population represents an important challenge for the health sector. In Mexico, the population pyramid has the projection to be modified by the year 2050 and the change has already begun. Estimates from the National Population Council indicate that by the year 2040, one in four people living in our country will be over 60 years. In addition to longevity, surgical services are also increasing therefore, it is necessary to implement analgesia schemes according to this age aging group. The following writing aims to summarize changes occurring with age and presents the analgesic groups with their indication according to the levels of evidence of the National Health and Medical Research Council designation (NHMRC, 1999).

RESUMO

In this work, we propose poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) material to form a hybrid heterojunction with amorphous silicon-based materials for high charge carrier collection at the frontal interface of solar cells. The nanostructural characteristics of PEDOT:PSS layers were modified using post-treatment techniques via isopropyl alcohol (IPA). Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy demonstrated conformational changes and nanostructural reorganization in the surface of the polymer in order to tailor hybrid interface to be used in the heterojunctions of inorganic solar cells. To prove this concept, hybrid polymer/amorphous silicon solar cells were fabricated. The hybrid PEDOT:PSS/buffer/a-Si:H heterojunction demonstrated high transmittance, reduction of electron diffusion, and enhancement of the internal electric field. Although the structure was a planar superstrate-type configuration and the PEDOT:PSS layer was exposed to glow discharge, the hybrid solar cell reached high efficiency compared to that in similar hybrid solar cells with substrate-type configuration and that in textured well-optimized amorphous silicon solar cells fabricated at low temperature. Thus, we demonstrate that PEDOT:PSS is fully tailored and compatible material with plasma processes and can be a substitute for inorganic p-type layers in inorganic solar cells and related devices with improvement of performance and simplification of fabrication process.