RESUMO
Two waterbucks from São Paulo Zoo Foundation exhibited respiratory symptoms in July 2004. After euthanasia, granulommas in lungs and mediastinic lymph nodes were observed. Acid-fast bacilli isolated were identified as Mycobacterium bovis spoligotype SB0121 by PRA and spoligotyping. They were born and kept in the same enclosure with the same group, without any contact to other species housed in the zoo. This is the first detailed description of M. bovis infection in Kobus ellipsiprymnus.
RESUMO
Two waterbucks from São Paulo Zoo Foundation exhibited respiratory symptoms in July 2004. After euthanasia, granulommas in lungs and mediastinic lymph nodes were observed. Acid-fast bacilli isolated were identified as Mycobacterium bovis spoligotype SB0121 by PRA and spoligotyping. They were born and kept in the same enclosure with the same group, without any contact to other species housed in the zoo. This is the first detailed description of M. bovis infection in Kobus ellipsiprymnus.
RESUMO
Two waterbucks from São Paulo Zoo Foundation exhibited respiratory symptoms in July 2004. After euthanasia, granulommas in lungs and mediastinic lymph nodes were observed. Acid-fast bacilli isolated were identified as Mycobacterium bovis spoligotype SB0121 by PRA and spoligotyping. They were born and kept in the same enclosure with the same group, without any contact to other species housed in the zoo. This is the first detailed description of M. bovis infection in Kobus ellipsiprymnus.
RESUMO
ABSTRACT Aiming to evaluate the effect of supplementation with megadoses of vitamin C on the diet of fingerlings from Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), at the experimental infection by Edwardsiella tarda, two experiments were performed. Each experiment was composed by four distinct groups: those belonging to groups 1 and 4 received only commercial diet featuring about 300 mg of vitamin C per kilogram of feed, while the animals belonging to groups 2 and 3 received the same diet supplemented with 1,500 mg and 3,000 mg, respectively, of vitamin C (Lutavit® C Monophosphate BASF) per kilogram of feed. In the first experiment the animals received the diet for 14 consecutive days, being infected on the 15th day, while in the second experiment the animals were infected by the bacterial suspension after an interval of more 14 days after the same period of supplementation with vitamin C. The results showed that although there isnt a significant difference (p > 0,05) with respect to the concentrations of vitamin C, however the interval between the end of supplementation with megadoses of vitamin C in the diet (Nutripeixe AL55 PURINA) and bacterial exposure showed significant difference (p 0,05) on the experimental infection with E. tarda in fingerlings of Nile Tilapia (O. niloticus).
RESUMO Objetivando avaliar o efeito da suplementação com megadoses de vitamina C na dieta de alevinos de Tilápia do Nilo ( Oreochromis niloticus), frente à infecção experimental por Edwardsiella tarda, foram realizados dois experimentos. Cada experimento foi composto por quatro grupos distintos: aqueles pertencentes aos grupos 1 e 4 receberam apenas ração comercial apresentando cerca de 300 mg de vitamina C por quilo de ração, enquanto os animais pertencentes aos grupos 2 e 3 receberam a mesma ração suplementada com 1.500 mg e 3.000 mg, respectivamente, de vitamina C (Lutavit® C Monophosphate BASF) por quilo de ração. No primeiro experimento os animais receberam a dieta durante 14 dias consecutivos, sendo desafiados no 15º dia, enquanto no segundo experimento os animais só foram desafiados pela suspensão bacteriana após um intervalo de mais 14 dias findo o mesmo período de suplementação com vitamina C. Os resultados mostraram que, embora não haja diferença significativa (p > 0,05) com relação às concentrações de vitamina C, o intervalo entre o final do período de suplementação com megadoses de vitamina C na ração (Nutripeixe AL55 PURINA) e a exposição à suspensão bacteriana apresentou diferença significativa (p 0,05) sobre a infecção experimental com E. tarda em alevinos de Tilápia do Nilo (O. niloticus).
RESUMO
ABSTRACT The present work studied, by mathematical modeling, the Mycobacterium avium infection dynamics in a swine population. In order to describe M. avium transmission dynamics, a compartmental model was elaborated. Since the model was aimed to estimate the relationship between infection rate and the rate of swine that presented lesions resulting from M. avium infection, detected at slaughter of 150-day-old animals, it was considered that the disease dynamics could be described by two compartments of animals: susceptible to the infection, and infected that could present lesions. The simulations results showed that for a certain force of infection, the proportion of infected animals at the end of the nursery stage (those that would present lesions at the slaughter) remains constant over time, not being subject to seasonal changes. The mathematical simulation of the disease, considering horizontal transmission as the major means of condemnation at slaughter due to granulomatous lymphadenitis, is inconsistent with what is observed within the population. Therefore, the environmental component plays a major/preponderant role in the mycobacterial infection dynamics of swine raised on farms in Brazil.
RESUMO O presente trabalho estudou, através de modelagem matemática, a dinâmica da infecção por Mycobacterium avium em uma população suína. Para descrever a dinâmica de transmissão de M. avium em granjas de suínos, foi elaborado um modelo de compartimentos. Como esse modelo visava estimar a relação entre taxa de infecção e proporção de suínos que apresentam lesões, detectadas no abate aos 150 dias de idade, resultantes de infecção por M. avium, considerou-se que a dinâmica da doença poderia ser descrita por dois compartimentos de animais: suscetíveis à infecção, e infectados que poderiam vir a apresentar lesões. Através dos resultados obtidos nas simulações realizadas, observou-se que para uma dada força de infecção, a proporção de infectados no final da fase de creche (aqueles que apresentariam lesões no abate) se mantém constante ao longo do tempo, não estando sujeita a variações de caráter sazonal. A simulação matemática da doença, considerando a transmissão horizontal como mecanismo principal da ocorrência de condenações em matadouro por linfadenite granulomatosa é inconsistente com o que se observa na população. Portanto, o componente ambiental tem papel preponderante na dinâmica das infecções micobacterianas dos suínos produzidos no Brasil.
RESUMO
One-hundred eight Mycobacterium avium isolates from pigs, humans, birds, and bovines were typed by the IS1245-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method and PCR-restriction enzyme analysis (PRA) of hsp65. Nine clusters of isolates showing more than 80% similarity in their RFLP profiles were detected. The largest cluster (cluster B) included 32 of 79 pig isolates (40.5%), 3 of 25 human isolates (12%), and 1 of 2 bovine isolates, comprising 33% of all isolates. The second largest cluster (cluster A) included 18 pig isolates (22.8%) and 6 human isolates (24%). Six smaller clusters included six pig isolates (clusters C and D), four and two human isolates (clusters E and F, respectively), two pig isolates (cluster I), and two pig isolates plus one bovine isolate and the avian purified protein derivative strain (cluster H). Cluster G represented the "bird-type" profile and included the bird isolate in this series, one pig isolate, plus reference strain R13. PRA revealed four allelic variants. Seventy-seven isolates were identified as M. avium PRA variant I, 24 were identified as M. avium PRA variant II, 6 were identified as M. avium PRA variant III, and 1 was identified as M. avium PRA variant IV. Except for three isolates from cluster B, each of the RFLP clusters was associated with a single PRA pattern. Isolates with unique (nonclustered) RFLP profiles were distributed between PRA variants I and II, and there was one unique isolate of PRA variant IV. These observations are consistent with divergent evolution within M. avium, resulting in the emergence of distinct lineages with particular competence to infect animals and humans.