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Introdução: O componente hospitalar da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial preconiza o fechamento progressivo de hospitais psiquiátricos e a implementação de leitos de saúde mental em hospital geral, capazes de fornecer atendimento para os casos agudos que necessitem de internação de forma articulada com os demais pontos de atenção da rede. Objetivo: Diante disso, o objetivo do presente artigo foi analisar a distribuição do número de leitos de atenção hospitalar em saúde mental no Rio Grande do Norte entre 2012 e 2022 e apresentar uma proposta de planejamento e avaliação para fortalecer a Rede de Atenção Psicossocial do estado. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico realizado no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, no período de 2012 a 2022, usando dados secundários sobre as internações, seguido de um estudo propositivo com base em referências de planejamento e avaliação em saúde. Resultados: Observa-se uma redução do número de leitos psiquiátricos ao longo do tempo, mas que não se mostra suficiente e não se traduz em um crescimento satisfatório de leitos de saúde mental em hospital geral. Foram propostas cinco ações com o intuito de fortalecer a Rede de Atenção Psicossocial através da implantação e qualificação de leitos de saúde mental em hospitais gerais. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o movimento de constituição do componente hospitalar da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial do Rio Grande do Norte tem se apresentado em movimento irregular e o número de leitos de saúde mental em hospital geral é insuficiente. Espera-se que as intervenções e avaliações sugeridas possam contribuir para subsidiar importantes encaminhamentos no âmbito das políticas públicas de saúde mental do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil (AU).

Introduction: The hospital component of the Psychosocial Care Network (PCN) advocates the progressive closure of psychiatric hospitals and the implementation of mental health beds in general hospitals, capable of providing care for acute cases that require hospitalization in conjunction with other network attention points. Objective: In view of this, the objective of this article was to analyze the quantitative distribution of hospital mental health care beds in Rio Grande do Norte between 2012 and 2022 and present a planning and evaluation proposal to strengthen the state's PCN. Methodology: This is an ecological study carried out in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, from 2012 to 2022 using secondary data on hospitalizations, followed by a proactive study based on health planning and evaluation references. Results:There has been a reduction in the number of psychiatric beds over time, but not sufficient andnot translated into a satisfactory growth in mental health beds in general hospitals. Five actions were proposed with the aim of strengthening the PCN through the implementation and qualification of mental health beds in general hospitals.Conclusion: It is concluded that the movement to establish the hospital component of PCN in Rio Grande do Norte has been irregular and the number of mental health beds in general hospitals is insufficient. It is expected that the suggested interventions and evaluations may contribute to supporting important developments within the scope of public mental health policies in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (AU).

Introducción: El componente hospitalario de la Red de Atención Psicosocial (RAPS) aboga por el cierre progresivo de los hospitales psiquiátricos y la implementación de camas de salud mental en los hospitales generales, capaces de brindar atención a casos agudos que requieran hospitalización en conjunto con otros puntos de atención de la red. Objetivo:Ante esto, el objetivo de este artículo fue analizar la distribución del número de camas hospitalarias de atención a la salud mental en Rio Grande do Norte entre 2012 y 2022 y presentar una propuesta de planificación y evaluación para fortalecer el RAPS del Estado. Metodología:Se trata de un estudio ecológico realizado en el Estado de Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, de 2012 a 2022, utilizando datos secundarios sobre hospitalizaciones, seguido de un estudio propositivo basado en referencias de planificación y evaluación de la salud. Resultados:Hay una reducción en el número de camas psiquiátricas a lo largo del tiempo, pero esto no es suficiente y no se traduce en un crecimiento satisfactorio de camas de salud mental en los hospitales generales. Se propusieron cinco acciones con el objetivo de fortalecer el RAPS a través de la implementación y habilitación de camas de salud mental en hospitales generales. Conclusión:Se concluye que el movimiento para establecer el componente hospitalario del RAPS en Rio Grande do Norte ha sido irregular y el número de camas de salud mental en un hospital general es insuficiente. Se espera que las intervenciones y evaluaciones sugeridas puedan contribuir a apoyar derivaciones importantes dentro del alcance de las políticas públicas de salud mental en Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil (AU).

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Termite nest repairs are considered a defensive conduct as they reduce the colony's exposure to the external environment. Repair activities are carried out by worker castes that can be polymorphic, representing a relationship between polymorphism and divisions of functions that can enhance task completion. Repairs are influenced by the extent of damage, nest volume, and the population dynamics of the building species, which regulate the recruitment of individuals for this activity. Our objective was to verify the performances (recruitment for repair) of dimorphic workers of Constrictotermes cyphergaster (Silvestri, 1901) during the damage repair activities performed on the external walls of termite nests of different sizes. We found a significant difference in the presence of dimorphic workers that performed repairs, with greater recruitment of the small morphotype, and observed an alternation of morphotypes between initial and final repair activities, with no influence of morphotype on the replacement pattern. Our results also showed that the total number of recruited workers decreased with increasing nest volume. These results help to better understand the social organization of a Nasutitermitinae termite species and the strategies adopted to protect its colonies.

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Congenital toxoplasmosis may cause abortion, neonatal death, or foetal abnormalities. Despite little information from human studies, a genetic influence over congenital disease was demonstrated and, host genome have been implicated to resistance/susceptibility to Toxoplasma gondii infection in both human and mice. It was previously shown that BALB/c mice (H2d) were more resistant to congenital toxoplasmosis than C57BL/6 mice (H2b). However, it is unclear whether these differences are attributable to the MHC haplotype or to other components of the mouse's genetic background. Therefore, in this work, we intend to address this question by investigating the pregnancy outcome in H2d -congenic C57BL/6 mice (C57BL/KsJ-H2d) and H2b-congenic BALB/c mice (CB10-H2-H2b). For this, animals were infected by intragastric route on the first day of pregnancy and examined on days 8 (8dP/8dI) or 18 (18dP/18dI) of gestation and infection. The pregnancy outcome, parasite burden, systemic cytokine profile and antibody response to infection were evaluated. Infected mice showed adverse pregnancy outcomes, in parallel low parasite detection in the uterus/placenta, being that the C57BL/KsJ showed the worst results in relation to CB10-H2 mice. Both mouse lineages showed an increase in IFN-γ and TNF levels systemically on 8dP/8dI and on 18dP/18dI, and C57BL/KsJ showed an increase in IL-6 levels in both gestation/infection periods. Additionally, C57BL/KsJ showed 7- and 7-fold increase in IL-6, 4- and 2.5-fold increase in IFN-γ and, 6- and 4-fold increase in TNF production on 8dP/8dI and 18dP/18dI, respectively in association with 1.5-fold decrease in TGF-ß levels on 8dP/8dI compared to CB10-H2 mice. In conclusion, the high IFN-γ and TNF serum levels observed in C57BL/KsJ (H2d) and CB10-H2 (H2b) mice were involved in the poor pregnancy outcomes in congenital toxoplasmosis. In addition, the higher IFN-γ, IL-6 and TNF levels detected in C57BL/KsJ in relation to CB10-H2 mice on 8dP/8dI seem to be related to the genetic background of C57BL/6J mice that may have contributed to the worse pregnancy outcome in this mouse lineage.

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The majority vote model is one of the simplest opinion systems yielding distinct phase transitions and has garnered significant interest in recent years. This model, as well as many other stochastic lattice models, are formulated in terms of stochastic rules with no connection to thermodynamics, precluding the achievement of quantities such as power and heat, as well as their behaviors at phase transition regimes. Here, we circumvent this limitation by introducing the idea of a distinct and well-defined thermal reservoir associated to each local configuration. Thermodynamic properties are derived for a generic majority vote model, irrespective of its neighborhood and lattice topology. The behavior of energy/heat fluxes at phase transitions, whether continuous or discontinuous, in regular and complex topologies, is investigated in detail. Unraveling the contribution of each local configuration explains the nature of the phase diagram and reveals how dissipation arises from the dynamics.

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We show that models of opinion formation and dissemination in a community of individuals can be framed within stochastic thermodynamics from which we can build a nonequilibrium thermodynamics of opinion dynamics. This is accomplished by decomposing the original transition rate that defines an opinion model into two or more transition rates, each representing the contact with heat reservoirs at different temperatures, and postulating an energy function. As the temperatures are distinct, heat fluxes are present even at the stationary state and linked to the production of entropy, the fundamental quantity that characterizes nonequilibrium states. We apply the present framework to a generic-vote model including the majority-vote model in a square lattice and in a cubic lattice. The fluxes and the rate of entropy production are calculated by numerical simulation and by the use of a pair approximation.

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Abstract This article presents the Brazilian private insurance market's actuarial life tables, BR- EMS 2021. Using Bayesian inference on the parameters of the Heligman- Pollard law of mortality and data from 23 insurance groups over 15 years, totaling 3.5 billion registers, the data were corrected through a two hidden-layer neural network. The resulting tables show that the insured population exhibits lower mortality rates than the general Brazilian population, even lower than the national populations of well-developed countries such as the USA. Moreover, besides the expected gender gap in mortality rates, there is a clear distance between the death and survivorship insurance coverage groups. Likewise, the insured population characteristics mitigate well-known regional structural discrepancies in the Brazilian population, indicating that being part of the selected population of insured individuals is thus associated with a more effective protection against death than other outstanding factors such as geographic region of residence.

Resumo Este artigo apresenta as tábuas de vida do mercado de seguros privados brasileiro, BR-EMS 2021. Os dados obtidos de 23 grupos seguradores ao longo de 15 anos, totalizando 3,5 bilhões de registros, foram corrigidos por meio de rede neural com duas camadas ocultas. Usando a inferência bayesiana para estimar os parâmetros sob a lei de mortalidade Heligman-Pollard, as tábuas obtidas mostram que a população segurada apresenta probabilidades de morte mais baixas do que a população brasileira em geral e até mesmo em relação a populações nacionais de países desenvolvidos, como os EUA. Além da esperada diferença de gênero nas taxas de mortalidade, há uma clara distância entre as probabilidades de morte dos grupos de cobertura de risco e cobertura de sobrevivência. Da mesma forma, é demonstrado que as tábuas regionais da população segurada não apresentam as discrepâncias regionais conhecidas no Brasil, indicando que fazer parte da população selecionada de segurados está associado a um fator de proteção mais eficaz do que outros fatores, como a região geográfica de residência.

Resumen Este artículo presenta las tablas de vida del mercado de seguros privados brasileño, BR-EMS 2021. Los datos, obtenidos de 23 grupos de seguros a lo largo de 15 años, totalizando 3,5 mil millones de registros, fueron corregidos usando una red neuronal con dos capas ocultas. Mediante la inferencia bayesiana para estimar los parámetros bajo la ley de mortalidad de Heligman-Pollard, las tablas obtenidas muestran que la población asegurada tiene tasas de mortalidad más bajas que la población general brasileña e incluso más bajas que las poblaciones nacionales de países desarrollados, como los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica. Además de la diferencia de género esperada en las tasas de mortalidad, hay una clara distinción entre las tablas de grupos de cobertura de riesgo y cobertura de sobrevivientes. Asimismo, se demuestra que las tablas regionales de población asegurada no presentan las conocidas discrepancias estructurales regionales en Brasil, lo que indica que participar de la población de asegurados está asociado con una protección contra la muerte más efectiva que otros factores como la región geográfica de residencia.

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We study closed systems of particles that are subject to stochastic forces in addition to the conservative forces. The stochastic equations of motion are set up in such a way that the energy is strictly conserved at all times. To ensure this conservation law, the evolution equation for the probability density is derived using an appropriate interpretation of the stochastic equation of motion that is not the Itô nor the Stratonovic interpretation. The trajectories in phase space are restricted to the surface of constant energy. Despite this restriction, the entropy is shown to increase with time, expressing irreversible behavior and relaxation to equilibrium. This main result of the present approach contrasts with that given by the Liouville equation, which also describes closed systems, but does not show irreversibility.

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Introduction: Sickle cell disease is a group of conditions caused by anomalous hemoglobin that predisposes people to some clinical syndromes. Because of these recurrent syndromes, patients have difficulty finding and, often, keeping a job. Objectives: To evaluate the impact of sickle cell disease on the job situation of people with the condition. Methods: Thirty-two working-age people with sickle cell disease were recruited using the snowball sampling method and underwent semistructured interviews for demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical data collection. Results: Only 28.1% of the interviewees engaged in paid work, 46.9% had already worked but were not working at the time of the interview, and 25% had never worked. About 6% of participants lived in extreme poverty, and 28.4% lived on the poverty line. Monthly per capita income was less than one minimum salary in 56.2% of cases and less than 1.5 minimum salaries in 9.4%. Conclusions: Sickle cell disease has an important negative impact on employment situation, as about 70% of working-age people were inactive. This results in a high social cost represented by a very low monthly per capita income (≤ 1 minimum salary) in 93.7% of the participants.