RESUMO

Herein we report the synthesis of transition-metal-free potassium borophosphate glasses and their application as bactericidal and bacteriostatic material. The antimicrobial activity was achieved through a simple change in the molar ratio of boron and phosphorus atoms, making borophosphate glass soluble in water. The glasses were analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, and water absorption. The addition of a boron compound is required to obtain potassium-based phosphate glasses. Moreover, the change in the phosphorus and boron molar ratio (P/B), 2, 1 or 0.5 affects the glass solubilization in water, which increases with the phosphorus content. The glass materials were submitted to tests of biological activity against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These water-soluble borophosphate glasses were employed in the development of hydrogel formulations using Carbopol®. Phosphorous-rich samples at a concentration of 15 % (w/w) in hydrogel showed better antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli, when compared to other samples, including commercial alcohol hand sanitizer gel, with an average size of the inhibition halo of 24.02±1.43 and 19.24±1.63mm, respectively.

Assuntos

Anti-Infecciosos , Boro , Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , Hidrogéis , Fósforo , Potássio

RESUMO

Acetylcholinesterase (AChEis) inhibitors are used to treat neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). l-Hypaphorine (l-HYP) is a natural indole alkaloid that has been shown to have effects on the central nervous system (CNS). The goal of this research was to synthesize l-HYP and d-HYP and test their anticholinesterasic properties in rat brain regions. l-HYP suppressed acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity only in the cerebellum, whereas d-HYP inhibited AChE activity in all CNS regions studied. No cytotoxic effect on normal human cells (HaCaT) was observed in the case of l-HYP and d-HYP although an increase in cell proliferation. Molecular modeling studies revealed that d-HYP and l-HYP have significant differences in their binding mode positions and interact stereospecifically with AChE's amino acid residues.

Assuntos

Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Encéfalo/enzimologia , Inibidores da Colinesterase/farmacologia , Indóis/farmacologia , Animais , Encéfalo/patologia , Inibidores da Colinesterase/química , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Indóis/química , Estrutura Molecular , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade

RESUMO

AIM: To evaluate the influence of intermittent fasting and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on myocardial apoptosis signaling and cardiac morphological characteristics in healthy rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats (n = 60) were divided into four groups: sedentary control (SED-C), intermittent fasting (SED-IF), high-intensity interval training (HIIT-C), and high-intensity interval training plus intermittent fasting (HIIT-IF). SED-C and HIIT-C groups were treated daily with ad libitum chow; SED-IF and HIIT-IF received the same standard chow every other day. HIIT-C and HIIT-IF rats were submitted to an HIIT protocol five times a week for 12 weeks. At the end of the experiment, functional capacity, cardiac morphology, and expression of apoptosis signaling pathways-related proteins were analyzed. KEY FINDINGS: HIIT increased cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, collagen interstitial fraction, and the pro-apoptotic proteins AIF and caspase-3 expression, and reduced pro-apoptotic protein CYTC expression and the cleaved-to-non-cleaved PARP-1 ratio in myocardium. Intermittent fasting reduced cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, collagen interstitial fraction, and expression of Bax, CYTC and cleaved PARP-1, and increased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2. SMAC, ARC, and caspase-8 expression was not changed by HIIT or intermittent fasting. SIGNIFICANCE: HIIT promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis, and modulates the apoptosis signaling pathway in healthy rat myocardium. Intermittent fasting reduces pro-apoptotic and increases antiapoptotic signaling, besides attenuating HIIT-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and myocardial interstitial fibrosis.

Assuntos

Apoptose , Jejum , Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade , Miocárdio/patologia , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Animais , Masculino , Modelos Biológicos , Miócitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Miócitos Cardíacos/patologia , Ratos Wistar , Transdução de Sinais

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Multivisceral resection (MVR) is potentially curative for selected gastric cancer patients, supposedly at the cost of increased complications. However, current data comparing MVR to standard gastrectomy (SG) is lacking. OBJECTIVES: Compare complications and survival after MVR and SG. METHODS: In a retrospective cohort of 1015 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, 58 underwent MVR and 466 SG. Groups were compared concerning their characteristics, complications, and survival. RESULTS: One hundred seventy-six patients had postoperative complications. Major complications were more frequent after MVR (P = .002). Surgical mortality was 8.6% and 4.9% for MVR and SG (P = .221). Older age, higher morbidities, and MVR were independent risk factors for major complications. The odds ratio for major complications was 5.89 for MVR with one or two organs and 38.01 for MVR with three or more organs. The pancreas was the most commonly removed organ and pT4b disease were confirmed in 34 (58.6%) of the MVR cases. Disease-free survival (DFS) was lower in MVR patients (51% vs 77.8%; P < .001), being worse according to the number of organs resected. In pN+ patients, DFS was worse after MVR. DFS was equivalent to pT4b and non-pT4b in the MVR group. CONCLUSIONS: Increased morbidity and lower survival are expected for gastric cancer patients undergoing MVR.

Assuntos

Gastrectomia , Neoplasias Gástricas/terapia , Adenocarcinoma/mortalidade , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/terapia , Fatores Etários , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Estudos de Coortes , Colo/cirurgia , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Fígado/cirurgia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Multimorbidade , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Pâncreas/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Esplenectomia , Neoplasias Gástricas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia

RESUMO

Organosulfur compounds show cytotoxic potential towards many tumor cell lines. Disulfides and thiosulfonates act through apoptotic processes, inducing proteins associated with apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and the unfolded protein response. Three p-substituted symmetric diaryl disulfides and three diaryl thiosulfonates were synthesized and analyzed for inhibition of tubulin polymerization and for human cancer cell cytotoxic activity against seven tumor cell lines and a non-tumor cell line. S-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-methoxybenzenesulfonothioate (6) exhibited inhibition of tubulin polymerization and showed the best antiproliferative potential, especially against the 786-0 cell line, being six times more selective as compared with the non-tumor cell line. In addition, compound 6 was able to activate caspase-3 after 24 and 48 h treatments of the 786-0 cell line and induced cell-cycle arrest in the G2/M stage at the highest concentration evaluated at 24 and 48 h. Compound 6 was able to cause complete inhibition of proliferation, inducing the death of 786-0 cells, by increasing the number of cells at G2/M and greater activation of caspase-3.

Assuntos

Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Carcinoma de Células Renais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Renais/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Carcinoma de Células Renais/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Renais/patologia , Linhagem Celular , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Camundongos , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Polimerização/efeitos dos fármacos , Tubulina (Proteína)/metabolismo

RESUMO

Overall, major burn wounds may require special care and long-term hospitalization as they not only bring complications from the wound itself, but may also compromise the immune system, or even other organs. Previous studies have indicated that topical insulin cream shortened wound closure time in second-degree burns in rats. Transplanted adipose-derived stem cells (AD-MSCs) have been developed as an alternative to treat burns and to accelerate the healing process. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of topical insulin gel, associated with AD-MSCs intradermal administration to heal second-degree burn wounds in rat models who were subjected to second-degree dorsal burns. The models were divided into four groups (n = 10 per group): placebo gel (C), topical insulin gel (TI), topical insulin gel and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TIMSCs) and placebo gel and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (CMSCs). Wounds were assessed on a daily basis and histological evaluations were made on 5 animals from each group on the seventh and fourteenth day. There was a significant macroscopic decrease in burn wound areas in the Control (P = 0.0083), TIMSCs and CMSCs (P = 0.042) groups between the seventh and fourteenth days. The TI treatment did not show any significant change (P > 0.05) throughout this same period. The histological analysis showed significant granulation tissue formation in CMSCs and TIMSCs (P = 0.02235) treatments during the experimental period. According to the results, intradermal administration of allogenic AD-MSCs in experimental second-degree burns for short periods of time in the rat model has contributed to reducing the inflammatory phase duration, improving wound re-epithelialization, tissue granulation and wound contraction, as well as increasing collagen deposition.

RESUMO

To examine the influence of carboxytherapy on wound healing under venous insufficiency, full-thickness excisional wounds were created on Wistar rats. We used three groups with 32 rats each: Group (I): daily cleaning with 0.9% saline solution; Group Sulfadiazine (II): 1% silver sulfadiazine; and Carboxytherapy (III): subcutaneous application of 0.3 mL of carbon dioxide. The predetermined periods of analysis were the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 30th day. The slides were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and Picrosirius red and submitted for immunohistochemistry. Groups II and III presented a statistically significant decrease in relation to the presence of neutrophilic and lymphocytic infiltrates. The presence of collagen significant increased in groups II and III. However, group III presented better organisation. Only group I maintained the neovascularisation until the 30th day. The new epithelium statistically significantly increased in groups II and III. On immunohistochemistry, regarding fibronectin expression, only group III demonstrated a statistically significant increase since the beginning of the healing process. Thus, the use of carboxytherapy promotes the formation of a tissue better structured and that may be an important resource for the treatment of wounds under venous insufficiency, especially those of recurrent re-openings.

Assuntos

Dióxido de Carbono/uso terapêutico , Fibronectinas/efeitos dos fármacos , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Sulfadiazina de Prata/uso terapêutico , Insuficiência Venosa/tratamento farmacológico , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar

Assuntos

Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/diagnóstico , Metástase Neoplásica/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico , Derivação Ventriculoperitoneal/efeitos adversos , Adenocarcinoma/secundário , Idoso , Feminino , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Humanos , Neoplasias Cutâneas/secundário

RESUMO

Plastic debris is a major environmental concern, and to find effective ways to reuse polystyrene (PS) presents major challenges. Here, it is demonstrated that polystyrene foams impregnated with SnO2 are easily generated from plastic debris and can be applied to photocatalytic degradation of dyes. SnO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by a polymeric precursor method, yielding specific surface areas of 15 m2/g after heat treatment to 700 °C. Crystallinity, size, and shape of the SnO2 particles were assessed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), demonstrating the preparation of crystalline spherical nanoparticles with sizes around 20 nm. When incorporated into PS foams, which were generated using a thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) process, the specific surface area increased to 48 m2/g. These PS/SnO2 nanofoams showed very good efficiency for photodegradation of rhodamine B, under UV irradiation, achieving up to 98.2% removal. In addition the PS/SnO2 nanofoams are shown to retain photocatalytic activity for up to five reuse cycles.

RESUMO

Inflammatory and genetic alterations are related to the development of chronic diseases such as cancer. Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, Anacardiaceae, is used in folk medicine to treat inflammation, wounds and tumors. This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, chemopreventive, and wound healing potentials of the methanolic extract from the leaves of Schinus terebinthifolius. The chemical composition of the extract was characterized using preliminary analytical LC methods. The results showed that the anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic extract was similar to that of dexamethasone for edema reduction. Also, it inhibited the leukocyte migration into the air pouch and decreased plasma extravasation. In addition, the methanolic extract showed a healing action similar to that observed with collagenase. The methanolic extract is not genotoxic nor mutagenic, and in contrast it has chemopreventive activity, which elicits a high percentage of damage reduction by comet and micronucleus assay, preferably by bioantimutagenic action. The methanolic extract induced apoptosis and enhanced splenic phagocytosis in animals treated with cyclophosphamide. The methanolic extract contents, resolved by LC, include phenolic acid and flavonoids. Our results suggest a therapeutic potential for the methanolic extract.