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Background: There is limited research on social factors related to falls among older adults. This study assessed the association between falls during the past year with social participation, children's support, relationship with children, and social frailty. Methods: Participants were 17,687 community-dwelling older adults from the SABE (Health, Well-being, and Aging, 2015) Colombia survey. Covariates included sociodemographic characteristics, environmental barriers, psychotropic intake, vision problems, memory loss, multimorbidity, and fear of falling. Results: In multivariate logistic regression analyses, being socially frail (vs. no-frail) was associated with higher odds of falls (OR=1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-1.32). Participating in groups (OR=1.07; 95% CI, 1.03-1.11), helping others (OR=1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.06), or volunteering (OR=1.09; 95% CI, 1.01-1.17) were also associated with higher odds of falls. These findings were partly explained because most group participants reside in cities where they are more exposed to environmental barriers. In contrast, receiving help, affection, and company from children (OR=0.95; 95% CI, 0.93-0.97) was associated with lower fall odds than not receiving it. Moreover, having a good relationship with children was associated with lower odds of falls (OR=0.75; 95% CI, 0.66-0.85) compared to an unsatisfactory relationship. Conclusion: Support from children and having a good relationship with them were associated with fewer falls; however, social frailty and participation in social groups were associated with more falls.
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Arsenic (As), a metalloid of considerable toxicity, has become increasingly bioavailable through anthropogenic activities, raising As contamination levels in groundwater and agricultural soils worldwide. This bioavailability has profound implications for plant biology and farming systems. As can detrimentally affect crop yield and pose risks of bioaccumulation and subsequent entry into the food chain. Upon exposure to As, plants initiate a multifaceted molecular response involving crucial signaling pathways, such as those mediated by calcium, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and various phytohormones (e.g., auxin, methyl jasmonate, cytokinin). These pathways, in turn, activate enzymes within the antioxidant system, which combat the reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) generated by As-induced stress. Plants exhibit a sophisticated genomic response to As, involving the upregulation of genes associated with uptake, chelation, and sequestration. Specific gene families, such as those coding for aquaglyceroporins and ABC transporters, are key in mediating As uptake and translocation within plant tissues. Moreover, we explore the gene regulatory networks that orchestrate the synthesis of phytochelatins and metallothioneins, which are crucial for As chelation and detoxification. Transcription factors, particularly those belonging to the MYB, NAC, and WRKY families, emerge as central regulators in activating As-responsive genes. On a post-translational level, we examine how ubiquitination pathways modulate the stability and function of proteins involved in As metabolism. By integrating omics findings, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the complex genomic landscape that defines plant responses to As. Knowledge gained from these genomic and epigenetic insights is pivotal for developing biotechnological strategies to enhance crop As tolerance.
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Literature on the association between ageism and falling among older adults is limited. Using data from the nationwide cross-sectional SABE (Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento) Colombia Survey in 2015 with 18,875 participants aged ≥60 years living in the communities, the study aims to evaluate the association between perceived ageism within the family, neighborhood, health services, and public services, and recurrent falling. Participants had a mean age of 69.2 ± 7.1; 56.1% were female. Recurrent falling prevalence was 15%, and experiencing any ageism was 10%. Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed higher odds of recurrent falling for any ageism (OR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.61-2.02, p < .0001). High depressive symptoms mediated 10.1% of the association between any ageism and recurrent falling, followed by low instrumental activities of daily living (9.7%) and multimorbidity (9.3%). Current findings open new areas of gerontological research by expanding the risk factors for falling among older adults to include ageism perceptions.
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Acidentes por Quedas , Atividades Cotidianas , Etarismo , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Idoso , Etarismo/psicologia , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Acidentes por Quedas/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Modelos Logísticos , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Multimorbidade , Recidiva , PrevalênciaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Social determinants of health (SDH) are critical in health outcomes. More insight is needed on the correlation between SDH and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the aging population. This study assessed the association between SDH and MetS scores among older adults in Colombia. METHODS AND RESULTS: This cross-sectional country-wide study includes a sample of 4085 adults aged ≥60 from the SABE Colombia Survey. MetS measurements were central obesity, hyperglycemia or diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, arterial hypertension, and low HDL cholesterol (MetS score 0-5). SDH includes four levels: 1- general socioeconomic and environmental conditions; 2-social and community networks; 3- individual lifestyle; and 4-constitutional factors. In multivariate linear regression analysis, the SDH factors with greater effect sizes, calculated by Eta Squared, predicting higher MetS mean scores were women followed by low education, no alcohol intake, urban origin, and residing in unsafe neighborhoods. Two interactions: men, but not women, have lower MetS in safe neighborhoods compared to unsafe, and men, but not women, have lower MetS when having low education (0-5 years) compared to high (≥6). CONCLUSION: Gender, education, alcohol intake, and origin have the greatest effect sizes on MetS. Education level and neighborhood safety modified the relationship between gender and MetS. Low-educated men or those residing in safe neighborhoods have lower MetS. Neighborhood environments and educational differences influencing MetS should be considered in future studies.
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Síndrome Metabólica , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde , Humanos , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Síndrome Metabólica/diagnóstico , Síndrome Metabólica/sangue , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Etários , Fatores Sexuais , Medição de Risco , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Escolaridade , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Fatores de Risco , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Fatores de Risco CardiometabólicoRESUMO
In Mexico City, the Canary Island date palm (Phoenix canariensis Chabaud) is an important plant forming part of its landscape identity. In February 2022, pink rot disease symptoms were observed on 16 P. canariensis plants in Mexico City (19°25'43.98"N, 99° 9'49.41"W). The incidence was 27%, while the severity 12%. External symptoms included necrotic lesions that advanced from the petiole towards the rachis. Internal symptoms were rotted, dark brown discoloration in bud, petiole, and rachis. Abundant conidial masses were developed on the infected tissues. Pieces of diseased tissues (5-mm cubes) were surface sterilized for 2 min in 3% sodium hypochlorite, rinsed with sterilized distilled water, plated onto potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubated at 24°C and 12-h photoperiod, 20 pink fungal colonies were developed with sparse aerial mycelia on PDA. Conidiophores were hyaline, dimorphic, penicillate, and Acremonium-like. Conidia were dimorphic, typically with somewhat truncated ends, 4.5 to 5.7 × 1.9 to 2.3 µm (mean 4.99 × 2.15, n = 100), borne in long chains on penicillate conidiophores; on Acremonium-like conidiophores conidia were cylindrical, straight, and slightly curved, 4.55 to 10.1 × 1.2 to 2.35 µm (mean 8.2 × 1.7, n = 100). These morphological characteristics resembled those of Nalanthamala vermoesenii (Biourge) Schroers (Schroers et al. 2005). Genomic DNA was extracted from the mycelia of a representative isolate CP-SP53. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the large subunit of ribosomal ribonucleic acid (LSU) were amplified and sequenced. The sequences were deposited in GenBank with accession numbers OQ581472 (ITS) and OQ581465 (LSU). Phylogenetic trees based on ITS and LSU sequences of Nalanthamala species were reconstructed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. Isolate CP-SP53 was placed in the clade of Nalanthamala vermoesenii. The pathogenicity test was carried out twice with isolate CP-SP53 on five 3-year-old P. canariensis plants. Four petioles per plant were surface disinfected with 75% ethanol, and wounded with a sterilized scalpel (shallow cuts 0.5 cm wide). A mycelial plug (5 mm in diam.) of a 1-week-old PDA culture was placed on each wounded site. Sterile PDA plugs were used for five non-inoculated control plants. All plants were maintained at 22 ± 2°C and a 12-h photoperiod. Twenty-five days after inoculation (dai), wounded petioles showed the same symptoms observed in the field, whereas control plants remained healthy. Forty-five dai, all inoculated plants died. Pink conidial masses developed on symptomatic tissues. To fulfill Koch's postulates, the pathogen was reisolated by placing the pink conidial masses onto PDA. The colony characteristics and morphometric measurements were identical to those of isolate CP-SP53. Nalanthamala vermoesenii has been reported on P. canariensis in Greece and United States (Feather et al. 1979; Ligoxigakis et al. 2013) and Syagrus romanzoffiana in Egypt (Mohamed et al. 2016). To our knowledge, this is the first report of Nalanthamala vermoesenii as the causal agent of pink rot on P. canariensis in Mexico. This plant is the most commonly planted ornamental palm in Mexico City. The spread of N. vermoesenii could be a threat for the estimated 15 thousand palms, therefore dramatically change the urban landscape.
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INTRODUCTION: Multimorbidity is a prevalent worldwide problem among older adults. Our objective was to assess the association between life-course racial discrimination and multimorbidity among older adults in Colombia. METHODS: We used data from the SABE (Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento) Colombia Study in 2015 (N = 18,873), a national cross-sectional survey among adults aged 60 years or older. The outcome was multimorbidity, defined as having 2 or more chronic conditions. The main independent variables were 3 racial discrimination measures: 1) everyday racial discrimination (yes or no), 2) childhood racial discrimination score (scored from 0 [never] to 3 [many times]), and 3) situations of racial discrimination in the last 5 years (scored from 0 to 4 as a sum of the number of situations [group activities, public places, inside the family, health centers]). Other variables were sociodemographic characteristics, diseases, economic or health adversity during childhood, and functional status. We used weighted logistic regression analyses to adjust for differences between groups. RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression models showed that multimorbidity was significantly associated with experiencing everyday racial discrimination (OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.62-3.02), childhood racial discrimination (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.10-1.47), and the number of situations of racial discrimination (OR= 1.56; 95% CI, 1.22-2.00). Multimorbidity was also independently associated with multimorbidity during childhood. CONCLUSION: Racial discrimination experiences were associated with higher odds of multimorbidity among older adults in Colombia. Strategies to decrease life course experiences of racial discrimination may improve the health of older adults.
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Multimorbidade , Racismo , Humanos , Idoso , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
PURPOSE: Identifying actionable oncogenic mutations have changed the therapeutic landscape in different types of tumors. This study investigated the utility of comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP), a hybrid capture-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay, in clinical practice in a developing country. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, CGP was performed on clinical samples from patients with different solid tumors recruited between December 2016 and November 2020, using hybrid capture-based genomic profiling, at the individual treating physicians' request in the clinical care for therapy decisions. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were estimated to characterize the time-to-event variables. RESULTS: Patients median age was 61 years (range: 14-87 years), and 64.7% were female. The most common histological diagnosis was lung primary tumors, with 90 patients corresponding to 52.9% of the samples (95% CI 45.4-60.4%). Actionable mutations with FDA-approved medications for specific alterations correspondent to tumoral histology were identified in 58 cases (46.4%), whereas other alterations were detected in 47 different samples (37.6%). The median overall survival was 15.5 months (95% CI 11.7 months-NR). Patients who were subjected to genomic evaluation at diagnosis reached a median overall survival of 18.3 months (95% CI 14.9 months-NR) compared to 14.1 months (95% CI 11.1 months-NR) in patients who obtained genomic evaluation after tumor progression and during standard treatment (P = .7). CONCLUSION: CGP of different types of tumors identifies clinically relevant genomic alterations that have benefited from targeted therapy and improve cancer care in a developing country to guide personalized treatment to beneficial outcomes of cancer patients.
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Países em Desenvolvimento , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Mutação , Genômica , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga EscalaRESUMO
Introducción: El síndrome de Anton-Babinsky es un trastorno neuropsiquiátrico poco frecuente, que se manifiesta por anosognosia y ceguera cortical, debido a lesiones en las áreas visuales asociativas de la corteza occipital sin presentar afectación en la vía visual. En adultos mayores sus manifestaciones clínicas suelen ser atípicas y la valoración geriátrica integral permite orientar el diagnóstico, que se puede asociar con síndromes geriátricos. Objetivo: Describir las manifestaciones clínicas, síndromes geriátricos, paraclínicos y tratamiento de un paciente con Síndrome de Anton-Babinsky. Caso clínico: Paciente de 85 años, quien durante un postoperatorio inmediato de cirugía ocular (pterigión) presentó alteración fluctuante del estado de conciencia, alucinaciones visuales, disminución de la agudeza visual bilateral y anosognosia. La analítica sanguínea no reportó alteraciones y la tomografía computarizada de cráneo documentó isquemia occipital bilateral, se le diagnosticó síndrome de Anton-Babinsky. Conclusiones: El síndrome de Anton-Babinsky puede tener presentación atípica a través de síndromes geriátricos. La valoración geriátrica integral permite realizar un diagnóstico y manejo multicomponente oportuno con el objetivo de influir en el pronóstico tanto a corto como a largo plazo(AU)
Introduction: Anton-Babinski syndrome is a rare neuropsychiatric disorder, with a manifestation of anosognosia and cortical blindness, due to lesions in the associative visual areas of the occipital cortex without presenting visual pathway impairment. In elderly adults, its clinical manifestations are usually atypical and a comprehensive geriatric assessment allows to guide the diagnosis, which can be associated with geriatric syndromes. Objective: To describe the clinical manifestations, geriatric syndromes, paraclinical findings and treatment of a patient with Anton-Babinski syndrome. Clinical case: This is the case of an 85-year-old patient who, during the immediate postoperative period after ocular surgery (pterygium), presented a fluctuating alteration of consciousness, visual hallucinations, decreased bilateral visual acuity and anosognosia. Blood analysis reported no alterations and cranial computed tomography documented bilateral occipital ischemia; the patient was diagnosed with Anton-Babinski syndrome. Conclusions: Anton-Babinski syndrome may have an atypical presentation through geriatric syndromes. Comprehensive geriatric assessment allows for timely multicomponent diagnosis and management with the aim of influencing both short- and long-term prognosis(AU)